超声心动图评价室间隔缺损封堵术前后心功能

目的:探讨经胸超声心动图(Transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)在评估室间隔缺损(Ventricular septal defect,VSD)封堵术前、后心脏负荷、功能变化的应用价值。方法:回顾性研究2007年1月至2012年8月广西医科大学一附院62例成功实施经皮穿刺VSD封堵术的患者资料。术前经超声筛查,术后3天、术后3个月、术后6个月及术后1年分别行TTE复查,常规测量左房收缩末期前后径(Left atrium end-systolic diameter,LAESD)、左室舒张末期前后径(Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左室收缩末期前后径(Left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期容积(Left ventricular end-diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左室每博输出量(Left ventricular stroke volume,LVSV)、右室舒张末期前后径(Right ventricular end-diastolic diameter,RVEDD)、主肺动脉中段内径(Main pulmonary artery,MPA)、左室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(Left ventricular fraction shortening,LVFS)、三尖瓣反流压差(Pressure gradient of tricuspid regurgitation,PGTR)。结果:术后3个月、术后6个月、术后1年LAESD、LVEDD、LVESD、LVEDV、LVSV、MPA均较术前降低(P0.05),且术后3天LVEDD、LVEDV、LVSV、MPA均较术前降低(P0.05),术后3天LAESD、LVESD较术前差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3天PGTR较术前降低(P0.05),术后3个月、术后6个月、术后1年较术后3天无统计学差异(P0.05);术前、术后RVEDD、LVEF、LVFS差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TTE对VSD封堵术后心脏功能变化的评估有重要临床指导意义。     

经胸超声心动图引导下行房间隔缺损封堵术治疗先天性房间隔缺损的临床研究

目的:探讨经胸超声心动图引导下行房间隔缺损封堵术治疗先天性房间隔缺损(Atrial septal defect,ASD)的临床疗效。方法:比较先天性ASD患者行超声心动图组(49例)或介入组(53例),患者的疗效及心脏功能的变化。结果:超声心动图组并发症发生率显著低于介入组(P0.05);术后4周,两组患者的心率、舒张期室间隔厚度(Interventricular septal thickness,IVST)、左室后壁厚度(Left ventricular posterior wall thickness,LVPWT)、左心室心肌重量(Left ventricular mass,LVM)和左心室心肌重量指数(Left ventricular mass index,LVMI)明显降低(P0.05),左心室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左心室高峰充盈率(Left ventricular peak filling rate,LVPFR)均显著升高(P0.05),其余指标则无明显变化(P0.05);但术后1周超声心动图组的LVEF、IVST和LVMI即显著高于术前(P0.05)。结论:胸超声心动图引导下行ASD封堵术与X线介入封堵术疗效相当,但前者可能对ASD患者的心脏功能的改善更为显著。     

基于三维超声心动图对比分析扩张型心肌病与二尖瓣关闭不全左室构型和收缩功能的研究

摘要 目的：基于三维超声心动图对比分析扩张型心肌病（DCM）与二尖瓣关闭不全（MI）左室构型和收缩功能的研究。方法：收集我院2018年1月至2021年7月就诊患有左心室（LV）扩张的患者100例,其中DCM患者57例,MI患者43例。LV大小大致相仿,DCM组（43±5）mm/m²,MI组（42±5）mm/m²。另选取同时期50例健康受试者作为对照组。所有患者均进行常规超声心动图及三维超声心动图检查,测量指标主要包括左室大小（LVID）、左室后壁厚度（PWT）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室舒张末期室间间隔厚度（IVS）、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、收缩末期容积（LVESV）、相对室壁厚度（RWT）、LV质量指数（LVMI）、三维左室射血分数（3D-LVEF）、三维舒张末期血流速度（3D-EDV）、二维或三维超声心动图球形指数（2D-SI/3D-SI）。结果：DCM组和MI组LVEDD均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组比MI组患者心功能分级III/IV和心力衰竭的发生率更高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组和MI组患者的LVEDD、LVEDD指数、LVEDV、LVEDV指数、3D-EDV、3D-EDV指数均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但DCM组和MI组对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。DCM组和MI组患者的LV长度、LV长度指数、LVMI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且MI组高于DCM组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组和MI组患者的LVESV、LVESV指数、2D-SI、3D-SI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且DCM组高于MI组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组3D-LVEF、RWT均低于对照组和MI组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC分析显示,3D-SI在评估左室扩大患者的左室重构方面优于其他变量,3D-SI的ROC曲线下面积为0.875,95%CI为0.816-0.920,3D-SI>0.62对于DCM和MI区分左室构型的特异性（81.66%）和敏感性（92.09%）较高。DCM和MI患者的3D-LVEF和3D-SI均呈线性负相关（r=-0.719,P=0.000;r=-0.682,P=0.000）。DCM和MI患者3D-SI检测心力衰竭的ROC曲线下面积均大于3D-LVEF的ROC曲线下面积,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。结论：与MI患者相比,尽管LV大小大致相仿,但DCM患者的左室几何形状更接近球形,且收缩功能更差。收缩功能与3D-SI显著相关,3D-SI较好地描述了左室重构,可能是LV扩张患者心力衰竭的较强指标。     

超声心动图对高血压心室肥厚患者左心功能的评价及意义

目的:本研究利用超声心动图检测高血压心室肥厚患者左心房结构,探讨当左心结构发生变化时心脏功能所受到的影响,为高血压及其并发症的临床诊断提供检测及诊断参考。方法:选取2011年5月-2013年1月在我院接受检查的高血压心室肥厚患者76例作为观察组,另选取同期经体检的健康人群60例为健康对照组,利用超声心动图观察左心功能和结构,比较两组研究对象的左心房内径(LAD)、心肌质量(LVMM)、舒张末容积(LVEDV)、收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及二尖瓣口舒张末期流速比值(E/A)。结果:两组间心室收缩功能无显著性差异(P0.05);高血压组LAD高于对照组,LVEF及E/A低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);高血压Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者间比较,左房内径随血压的升高逐渐递增,而左心室射血分数和二尖瓣口舒张期流速比值则逐渐递减,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声心动图可以直观的显示高血压心室肥厚患者左心功能及血流动力学的变化,对临床诊断具有积极的意义。     

血流向量图评价扩张性心肌病患者左室收缩功能的研究

目的：应用血流向量图（VFM）对扩张性心肌病（DCM）患者收缩期左室心腔血液流场变化情况进行检测,初步探讨VFM技术在评价DCM患者左心室收缩功能方面的临床价值。方法：选择临床诊断为DCM患者30例作为病例组,另选30例体检健康者作为对照组。在血流向量图条件下测量两组取样线上收缩期负向总流量（SystoleQ-,SQ-）在涡流条件下测量涡流的最大流量（Qmax）、半值面积（S）、涡流半径（r）以及涡流强度（Qmax／S）,并比较两组差异。应用Simpson双平面法获取左心室射血分数（EF）,并与SQ-、Qmax／S进行相关性分析。结果：两组比较病例组基底段、中间段、心尖段收缩期负向总流量SQ-、两组组内比较基底段、中间段、心尖段收缩期负向总流量SQ．均呈逐渐递减变化趋势（P均〈0．01）。收缩期涡流最大流量Qmax及涡流强度Qmax／S测值均低于对照组（P〈0．01）;收缩期涡流半值面积S、涡流半径r均大于对照组（P〈0．01）：Qmax／S与EF呈正相关,（r=0．78,P〈0．01）;结论：VFM技术可以定量分析DCM患者左室心腔内血流流场的变化情况,有望为临床提供一种较为准确检测DCM患者左心功能的新方法。     

实时三维超声心动图诊断心脏多发性粘液瘤5例并文献分析

目的：探讨实时三维超声心动图对心脏多发性粘液瘤诊断和术前风险评估及手术方式选择的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2012年12月收治的经手术病理确诊为心脏多发性粘液瘤5例患者的二维超声心动图（two-dimensionale echocardiography,2DE）、实时三维超声心动图（real-time three-dimensional echocardiography,RT-3DE）声像图特征,并结合相关文献进行分析。结果：5例患者的超声心动图均在心腔内探及多个活动性团块,各团块均与一蒂相连接,RT-3DE较2DE能准确显示粘液瘤整体形态、位置及与周围组织清晰的界限,并定量测定其大小。结论：RT-3DE弥补了2DE不能显示粘液瘤立体形态图像的缺点,可更为准确、简便、快捷地对心脏多发性粘液瘤做出诊断,并为术前风险评估及手术方式的选择提供了更可靠的依据。     

实时三维超声心动图诊断心脏多发性粘液瘤5 例并文献分析

目的：探讨实时三维超声心动图对心脏多发性粘液瘤诊断和术前风险评估及手术方式选择的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析 我院2007 年1 月至2012 年12 月收治的经手术病理确诊为心脏多发性粘液瘤5 例患者的二维超声心动图(two-dimensionale echocardiography,2DE)、实时三维超声心动图(real-time three-dimensional echocardiography,RT-3DE)声像图特征,并结合相关文献 进行分析。结果：5 例患者的超声心动图均在心腔内探及多个活动性团块,各团块均与一蒂相连接,RT-3DE 较2DE 能准确显示粘 液瘤整体形态、位置及与周围组织清晰的界限,并定量测定其大小。结论：RT-3DE 弥补了2DE 不能显示粘液瘤立体形态图像的 缺点,可更为准确、简便、快捷地对心脏多发性粘液瘤做出诊断,并为术前风险评估及手术方式的选择提供了更可靠的依据。     

实时三维经胸超声心动图检测二尖瓣成形术前后左心房功能的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨实时三维经胸超声心动图检测左心房(LA)功能以评价二尖瓣成形术(MVR)疗效的价值。方法:选择87例二尖瓣关闭不全患者(病例组)分别在MVR术前及术后1 w、24 w采取实时三维经胸超声心动图检测LA的最大容积(maximum volume of LA,LAV_(max))、最小容积(the minimum volume of LA,LAV_(min))、收缩前容积(systolic volume,LAV_p)及射血分数(ejection fraction,LAEF)、被动射血分数(passive ejection fraction,LAPEF)及主动射血分数(active ejection fraction,LAAEF)等指标,并与同期80例健康志愿者作对照。结果:病例组术前LAV_(max)I、LAV_(min)I、LAV_pI、LAEF、LAPEF、LAAEF值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1 w、24 w,LAV_(max)I、LAV_(min)I、LAV_pI、LAEF、LAPEF持续改善(P0.05),LAPEF无明显变化(P0.05)。术后24 w,LA严重扩张由术前58.6%降低到12.6%,67.8%发生LA重构。结论:实时三维经胸超声心动图显示MVR术后LA容积与功能好转,对评价MVR的疗效有一定价值。     

超声心动图检测人工心脏瓣膜功能的价值

自从1951年开展人工心脏瓣膜置换,迄今已有30余年。换瓣适应症的选择,要求系列的观察瓣膜的质地、性能和左室的功能。超声心动图对瓣膜病的诊断经历了M型、二维、脉冲,连续多普勒超声及彩色多普勒的发展过程。近年来,经食道超声、负荷多普勒超声及术中超声越来越得到了广泛应用。本文对各种估价人工瓣的超声心动图方法及一些功能指标的价值进行综述。     

实时三维超声心动图联合血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2对心力衰竭患者诊断及预后的评估价值

摘要 目的：探讨实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）联合血清N末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、肾上腺髓质素前体中段肽（MR-proADM）、可溶性人基质裂解素2（sST2）对心力衰竭（HF）患者诊断及预后的评估价值。方法：选择2020年3月至2022年10月阳光融和医院收治的112例HF患者（HF组）,另选择同期体检健康的50例志愿者（对照组）。所有受试者均接受RT-3DE检查,同时检测血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2水平。对比两组RT-3DE参数和血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2水平。HF患者出院后随访6个月,统计患者预后情况;根据预后将患者分为预后不良组（37例）和预后良好组（75例）。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析RT-3DE参数联合血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2诊断HF的临床价值及对预后不良的预测价值。结果：HF组左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）、收缩末期容积指数（LVESVI）、血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）,左室射血分数（LVEF）低于对照组（P＜0.05）。RT-3DE参数联合血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2诊断HF的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.902,高于各指标单独诊断。预后不良组LVESV、LVEDV、LVEDVI、LVESVI、血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2水平高于预后良好组（P＜0.05）,LVEF低于预后良好组（P＜0.05）。RT-3DE参数联合NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2预测HF预后不良的AUC为0.937,高于各指标单独预测。结论：HF患者LVESV、LVEDV、LVEDVI、LVESVI、血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2水平增高,LVEF降低,联合RT-3DE参数和血清NT-proBNP、MR-proADM、sST2可提高对HF诊断和预后预测的效能。     

Left ventricular volume and function in cynomolgus monkeys using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of evaluating cardiac function by real time three-dimensional (RT3D) echocardiography in isoflurane-anesthetized male cynomolgus monkeys. Additionally differences between inhibitory effects of beta-blockers and a Ca channel blocker on left ventricular (LV) function were examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) in the control (without any drug effect) were not significantly changed by repetitive measurement at a 30-day interval. Propranolol and metoprolol (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/10 minutes, i.v.) caused a dose-dependent increase in ESV, but little effect on EDV, resulting in a decrease in EF. Verapamil (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/10 minutes, i.v.) increased both EDV and ESV, but decreased EF was noted at 0.3 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the feasibility of RT3D echocardiography in providing reproducible estimations of LV volume and EF in monkeys when evaluating drugs that may affect cardiac function.     

Assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging

Background

Conventional echocardiography is not sensitive enough to assess left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. This research attempts to find a new ultrasonic technology to better assess LV diastolic function, systolic function, and myocardial longitudinal and circumferential systolic strain of segments with different thicknesses in HCM patients.

Methods

This study included 50 patients with HCM and 40 healthy subjects as controls. The peak early and late mitral annulus diastolic velocities at six loci (E_a′ and A_a′, respectively) and the E_a′/A_a′ ratio were measured using real-time tri-plane echocardiography and quantitative tissue velocity imaging (RT-3PE-QTVI). The mean value of E_a′ at six loci (E_m′) was obtained for the calculation of E/E_m′ ratio. The LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), LV stroke volume (LVSV), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). LV myocardial longitudinal peak systolic strain (LPSS) and circumferential peak systolic strain (CPSS) in the apical-middle-basal segments (LPSS_-api, LPSS_-mid, LPSS_-bas; CPSS_-api, CPSS_-mid, and CPSS_-bas, respectively) were obtained using a software for two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI). According to the different segmental thicknesses (STs) in each HCM patient, the values (LPSS and CPSS) of all the myocardial segments were categorized into three groups and the respective averages were computed.

Results

The E_a′, A_a′, and, E_a′/A_a’ ratio in HCM patients were lower than those in the controls (all p?<?0.001), while the E/E_m′ ratio in HCM patients was higher than that in the controls (p?<?0.001). The LVEDV, LVSV, and LVEF were significantly lower in HCM patients than in controls (all p?<?0.001). In HCM patients, the LPSS_-api, LPSS_-mid, LPSS_-bas, CPSS_-api, CPSS_-mid, and CPSS_-bas and the LPSS and CPSS of LV segments with different thicknesses were all significantly reduced (all p?<?0.001).

Conclusions

In HCM patients, myocardial dysfunction was widespread not only in the obviously hypertrophic segments but also in the non-hypertrophic segments; the LV systolic and diastolic functions were damaged, even with a normal LVEF. LV diastolic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction, and myocardial deformation impairment in HCM patients can be sensitively revealed by RT-3PE-QTVI, RT-3DE, and 2D-STI.

     

Virtual reality 3D echocardiography in the assessment of tricuspid valve function after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect

Background

Chronic right ventricular apical pacing may have detrimental effect on left ventricular function and may promote to heart failure in adult patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

Methods

A group of 99 pediatric patients with previously implanted pacemaker was studied retrospectively. Forty-three patients (21 males) had isolated congenital complete or advanced atrioventricular block. The remaining 56 patients (34 males) had pacing indication in the presence of structural heart disease. Thirty-two of them (21 males) had isolated structural heart disease and the remaining 24 (13 males) had complex congenital heart disease. Patients were followed up for an average of 53 ± 41.4 months with 12-lead electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular shortening fraction was used as a marker of ventricular function. QRS duration was assessed using leads V₅ or II on standard 12-lead electrocardiogram.

Results

Left ventricular shortening fraction did not change significantly after pacemaker implantation compared to preimplant values overall and in subgroups. In patients with complex congenital heart malformations shortening fraction decreased significantly during the follow up period. (0.45 ± 0.07 vs 0.35 ± 0.06, p = 0.015). The correlation between the change in left ventricular shortening fraction and the mean increase of paced QRS duration was not significant. Six patients developed dilated cardiomyopathy, which was diagnosed 2 months to 9 years after pacemaker implantation.

Conclusion

Chronic right ventricular pacing in pediatric patients with or without structural heart disease does not necessarily result in decline of left ventricular function. In patients with complex congenital heart malformations left ventricular shortening fraction shows significant decrease.     

Comparative assessment of hemodynamic parameters in ventricular septal defect, obtained by Doppler echocardiography and catheterization of cardiac cavities

The study was undertaken to assess hemodynamic parameters by Doppler echocardiography in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary hypertension. Seventy-two patients aged 5 months to 9 years (mean 2.5 years) who had isolated VSD were examined. The authors conclude that it is possible and necessary to assess hemodynamics in the lesser circulation by using Doppler echocardiography. The method permits monitoring the time course of changes in the right heart, which makes it possible to follow the natural history of disease without applying invasive studies.     

Assessment of left ventricular function by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in small breed dogs with hyperadrenocorticism

Background

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. This study investigated the left ventricular function using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in small breed dogs affected with spontaneous HAC.Age-matched healthy controls (n?=?9), dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH, n?=?10), and dogs with adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADH, n?=?9) were included in this study. Conventional echocardiography, global longitudinal and circumferential strain, and strain rate were assessed.

Results

On group-wise comparison, left ventricular free wall (LVFWd) and interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd) were thickest in the ADH group, followed by the PDH and controls (P?=?0.014 and P?=?0.001, respectively). Neither LVFWd nor IVSd was correlated with systemic blood pressure (P?=?0.238 and P?=?0.113, respectively). The values of all variables derived from the global strain and strain rate in longitudinal and circumferential directions followed the same pattern: highest in the controls, followed by PDH and then ADH (all P?<?0.05, respectively). On multiple regression analyses, global longitudinal strain, global longitudinal strain rate in systole and early diastole, and global circumferential strain all decreased linearly with increased IVSd (all P?<?0.05).

Conclusions

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was more prevalent in the HAC group compared to the control group. Association between hypertension and development of LVH was not identified. Decreased global longitudinal and circumferential strains were associated with increased IVSd. 2D-STE revealed significant decreases in systolic functions that were undetected using conventional echocardiography in the ADH and PDH groups.

     

Heritable ventricular septal defect in Yucatan miniature swine

A heritable ventricular septal defect (VSD) was found in a strain of Yucatan miniature swine. The defect was determined to be a high membranous VSD analogous in anatomic location to the most common from of VSD in humans. Eighteen animals were studied clinically, hemodynamically and at necropsy to characterize the defect. Three mature animals developed pulmonary hypertension. Three animals were found to have a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in addition to the VSD. VSD is heritable probably due to polygenic factors. VSD in Yucatan miniature swine may be a suitable model of the human disease syndrome.