基于线粒体Cytb基因序列探讨中国斑翅蝗科部分种类的系统发育关系

基于斑翅蝗科14种的线粒体Cytb基因462 bp序列,使用MEGA2和PAUP4.0b软件包进行分析,显示Cytb基因序列具有明显的高A、T偏向性和距离依赖的TS/TV值.采用邻接法(NJ)、最大似然法(MP)和极似然法(ML)分别构建斑翅蝗科4亚科8属的系统发育树,不同算法构建的系统发育树均支持分为四大分支(亚科):A(绿纹蝗属)、B(束颈蝗属)、C((飞蝗属+车蝗属)+小车蝗属)、D((痂蝗属+异痂蝗属)+皱膝蝗属);红胫小车蝗和黄胫小车蝗作为两个种比较合适;痂蝗亚科和异痂蝗亚科应该合并为一个亚科;飞蝗亚科与斑翅蝗亚科的分类关系尚未解决,需要进一步的研究进行分析验证.     

斑翅蝗科部分种类的酯酶同工酶研究：（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对斑翅蝗科（Ｏｅｄｉｐｏｄｉｄａｅ）６属８个种进行了酯酶同工酶的研究,共显示３０条迁移率不同的酶带,根据酶带迁移距离的不同,可以分为５个泳动区。通过ＥＳＴ同工酶酶带的聚类分析,对斑翅蝗科部分种类的分类问题进行了探讨。     

基于线粒体ND2基因的直翅目部分种类分子系统学发育研究

本文的研究目的是通过对直翅目部分种类的线粒体ND2基因进行分析,重建直翅目内部昆虫的系统发育关系,并探讨分子系统发育关系和传统分类结果的异同。基于80个物种ND2基因的研究结果显示直翅目ND2基因存在碱基偏向性A T含量平均为73%,第三位点A T含量79.9%最高,推测这与氨基酸变异有关。直翅目具有单系性,而蝗亚目内部的剑角蝗科、网翅蝗科、槌角蝗科和斑腿蝗科均不是单系群,锥头蝗科和瘤锥蝗科亲缘关系较近,这与Otte分类系统相一致,建议将锥头蝗科和瘤锥蝗科合并为一个科。癞蝗科的分类地位存在争议有待进一步深入的研究。     

浙江卵翅蝗属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

记述在浙江省开化县古田山自然保护区采到的卵翅蝗属１新种：浙江卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｚｈｅ ｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所和杭州师范学院生物系动物标本室。     

新疆异痂蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科：斑翅蝗科

本文描述采自新疆北部异痂蝗属ＢｒｙｏｄｅｍｌｌａＹｉｎ１新种一小异痂蝗Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍｅｌｌａｅｌｅｇａｎｓ,以下核实 特征而显著区别于该属其他种：（１）雄性型很小,体长在２３ｍｍ以下;（２）前胸背板背面沿后缘具１褐黄色带。     

甘肃省痂蝗属一新种（蝗总科：斑翅蝗科）

本文记述采自甘肃省肃北县鱼儿红牧场的斑翅蝗科痂蝗属Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍａ一新种,野马山痂蝗Ｂ．ｙｅｍａｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种与透翅痂蝗Ｂ．ｈｙａｌｉｎａｌａ Ｚｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ近似。     

卵翅蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

记述采自云南西部蝗虫１新种，即大尾片卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｍａｑｃｒｏｆｕｒｃｕｌａ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于大理师范高等专科学校生化系及西南林学院昆虫标本室。     

基于Cytb和COⅡ基因序列的网翅蝗科(直翅目:蝗总科)部分种类的分子系统学研究

采用PCR产物直接测序法测定了2亚科31种网翅蝗科昆虫及1种癞蝗(外群)的线粒体基因Cyt b和COⅡ全序列,使用MEGA V4.1进行序列组成分析,对线粒体基因Cyt b、COⅡ数据集按照蛋白质基因密码子第一、二、三位点划分子集,并组成联合数据集COⅡ&Cyt b,对各数据集其子集进行了数据探索研究.在PAUP中应用NJ法、MP法、ML法以及在MrBayes V3.1中应用贝叶斯系统发育推论(BI)法进行系统发育关系重建,结果表明所研究的网翅蝗科部分种类的系统发育关系基本与中国的传统形态学分类体系没有差别,竹蝗亚科为较早分化出来的类群,其次为网翅蝗亚科;竹蝗新种和黄脊雷篦蝗聚为一支和其它竹蝗属类群形成姊妹群,因此建议将雷篾蝗属并入竹蝗属;隆额网翅蝗和宽翅曲背蝗聚为另一支,故建议将曲背蝗属并入网翅蝗属.雏蝗属的四个亚属中黑翅亚属、曲隆亚属和直隆亚属这三个亚属的单系性均得到稳健的支持,而短翅亚属的单系性在各种分析中皆得不到支持,它很可能是多系起源.     

Phylogenetic relationship of 16 Oedipodidae species （Insecta： Orthoptera） based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences

The sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of 16 Oedipodidae species were amplified and sequenced. All sequences were aligned and analyzed and the phylogenetic relationships were inferred. The properties of 16S gene in Oedipodidae showed typical patterns of many insects such as a high A＋T content and variable distance-dependent transition/transversion ratios. The 0.2 weight for sites of loops may be advisable for phylogeny reconstruction using the maximum parsimony method. The phylogenetic analysis results do not support the current subfamily classification systems of Oedipodidae. Bryodemellinae and Bryodeminae are closely related and should be merged as one subfamily. The status of Oedipodinae and Locustinae is also problematic.     

Molecular phylogenetic systematics of twelve species of Acipenseriformes based on mtDNA ND4L -ND4 gene sequence analysis

Acipenseriformes is an endangered primitive fish group, which occupies a special place in the history of ideas concerning fish evolution, even in vertebrate evolution. However, the classification and evolution of the fishes have been debated. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ND4L and partial ND4 genes were first sequenced in twelve species of the order Acipenseriformes, including endemic Chinese species. The following points were drawn from DNA sequences analysis: (i) the two species of Huso can be ascribed to Acipenser; (ii) A. dabryanus is the mostly closely related to A. sinensis, and most likely the landlocked form of A. sinensis; (iii) genus Acipenser in trans-Pacific region might have a common origin; (iv) mtDNA ND4L and ND4 genes are the ideal genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis of the order Acipenseriformes.     

欧亚大陆斑翅蝗科分类系统(直翅目: 蝗亚目)

对分布在欧亚大陆的斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae昆虫进行了亚科分类研究, 将已知的69个属分为7个亚科: 飞蝗亚科Locustinae, 斑翅蝗亚科Oedipodinae, 异距蝗亚科Heteropterninae subfam. n., 痂蝗亚科Bryodeminae, 异痂蝗亚科Bryodemellinae, 哑斑翅蝗亚科Oedipodacrinae subfam. n.和聋斑翅蝗亚科Rashidinae subfam. n., 其中包括3个新亚科。建立了欧亚大陆斑翅蝗科新的亚科分类系统。     

Molecular phylogenetic systematics of twelve species of Acipenseriformes based on mtDNA ND4L -ND4 gene sequence analysis

Acipenseriformes is an endangered primitive fish group, which occupies a special place in the history of ideas concerning fish evolution, even in vertebrate evolution. However, the classification and evolution of the fishes have been debated. The mitochondrial DMA (mtDNA) ND4L and partial A7D4 genes were first sequenced in twelve species of the order Acipenseriformes, including endemic Chinese species. The following points were drawn from DNA sequences analysis: (i) the two species of Huso can be ascribed to Acipenser; (ii) A. dabryanus is the mostly closely related to A. sinensis, and most likely the landlocked form of A. sinensis; (iii) genus Acipenser in trans-Pacific region might have a common origin; (iv) mtDNA ND4L and ND4 genes are the ideal genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis of the order Acipenseriformes.     

Phylogenetic analyses of some genera in Oedipodidae （Orthoptera： Acridoidea） based on 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences

Basedonthe 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences of 29 genera, containing 26 from Oedipodidae and one each from Tanaoceridae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae （as outgroups）, the homologus sequences were compared and phylogenetic analyses were performed. A phylogenetic tree was inferred by neighbor-joining （N J）. The results of sequences compared show that： （i） in a total of 574 bp of Oedipodidae, the number of substituted nucleotides was 265 bp and the average percentages ofT, C, A and G were 38.3%, 11.4%, 31.8% and 18.5%, respectively, and the content of A＋T （70.1%） was distinctly richer than that of C＋G （29.9%）; and （ii） the average nucleotide divergence of 16S rDNA sequences among genera of Oedipodidae were 9.0%, among families of Acridoidea were 17.0%, and between superfamilies （Tetrigoidea and Acridoidea） were 23.9%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicated： （i） the Oedipodidae was a monophyletic group, which suggested that the taxonomic status of this family was confirmed; （ii） the genus Heteropternis separated from the other Oedipodids first and had another unique sound-producing structure in morphology, which is the type-genus of subfamily Heteropterninae; and （iii） the relative intergeneric relationship within the same continent was closer than that of different continents, and between the Eurasian genera and the African genera, was closer than that between Eurasians and Americans.     

基于线粒体ND1和16S rRNA基因序列探讨中国蝴蝶12科的系统发育关系(鳞翅目: 双孔次亚目: 蝶类)

对中国12科共32种代表蝶类的ND1基因和16S rRNA 基因进行了序列测定（包括新测30种ND1基因和9种16S rRNA基因）和比较分析, 同时采用邻接法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建了12科蝶类的系统发育树, 探讨了其高级分类群的系统发育关系。序列分析的结果显示: 经比对处理后的两个基因总长度为869 bp, 其中保守位点373个, 可变位点496个, 简约信息位点375个; A+T的平均含量为80.2％, 明显高于C+G的平均含量19.8％。分子系统树表明: 蛱蝶科不是单系群; 珍蝶类、斑蝶类和喙蝶类位于蛱蝶科内; 粉蝶科和凤蝶科具有共同祖先。据此建议: 绢蝶科应归入凤蝶科; 蚬蝶科归入灰蝶科; 珍蝶类、斑蝶类和喙蝶类作为蛱蝶科中的亚科, 眼蝶类从蛱蝶科中分离出来独立成科。另外, 环蝶类的系统分类地位还有待于进一步研究。     

基于线粒体基因Cytb和COI的蝗科中五亚科分子系统发育关系分析（直翅目: 蝗总科）（英文）

本研究基于Cytb 基因和COI基因的部分序列来推断17种蝗虫之间的系统发育关系。这17种蝗虫均采自国内,代表了蝗科(Acrididae)5个亚科：黑蝗亚科(Melanoplinae)、斑腿蝗亚科(Catantopinae)、刺胸蝗亚科(Cyrtacanthacridinae)、斑翅蝗亚科(Oedipodinae)和大足蝗亚科(Gomphocerinae)。采用联合序列方法进行分析,结果显示：Cytb 和COI联合序列长度为1 998 bp,其中A和T总含量为72.13%,G和C总含量为27.87%。联合序列共包含了889个保守位点,1 109个变异位点,在这些变异位点中有838个简约信息位点。系统发生树采用邻接法（NJ）、最大简约法（MP）和最大似然法（ML）进行构建。使用蜢总科的变色乌蜢Erianthus versicolor 和 Erianthus sp. 两个种作为外群。结果表明：大足蝗亚科和斑腿蝗亚科的单系性没有得到支持。斑翅蝗亚科内部各种聚成一个大支,在本研究中该亚科的单系性得到支持,与前人的研究结论相同。大足蝗亚科、斑腿蝗亚科、刺胸蝗亚科和黑蝗亚科这4科关系非常近,可以考虑将其合并为一个亚科。同时,我们发现基于Cytb和COI基因联合序列推断蝗科内各亚科间的系统发生关系并不十分可靠。     

Molecular phylogeny of Pamphagidae (Acridoidea,Orthoptera) from China based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II sequences

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships of Pamphagidae were examined using cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) mtDNA sequences (684 bp). Twenty‐seven species of Acridoidea from 20 genera were sequenced to obtain mtDNA data, along with four species from the GenBank nucleotide database. The purpose of this study was analyzing the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies within Pamphagidae and interpreting the phylogenetic position of this family within the Acridoidea superfamily. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using neighbor‐joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The 684 bp analyzed fragment included 126 parsimony informative sites. Sequences diverged 1.0%–11.1% between genera within subfamilies, and 8.8%–12.3% between subfamilies. Amino acid sequence diverged 0–6.1% between genera within subfamilies, and 0.4%–7.5% between subfamilies. Our phylogenetic trees revealed the monophyly of Pamphagidae and three distinct major groups within this family. Moreover, several well supported and stable clades were found in Pamphagidae. The global clustering results were similar to that obtained through classical morphological classification: Prionotropisinae, Thrinchinae and Pamphaginae were monophyletic groups. However, the current genus Filchnerella (Prionotropisinae) was not a monophyletic group and the genus Asiotmethis (Prionotropisinae) was a sister group of the genus Thrinchus (Thrinchinae). Further molecular and morphological studies are required to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the genera Filchnerella and Asiotmethis.