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鼋(Pelochelys cantorii, 1864)属于中国国家一级重点保护野生动物, 生物学资料相对匮乏, 2015和2016年连续2年对人工驯养的4只亲鼋(2雌2雄)进行了繁殖生物学研究。人工驯养鼋的产卵期集中在5—8月, 夜间产卵, 无护卵行为。通过视频观察分析, 鼋产卵过程可分为Ⅳ个阶段。2只雌鼋2015年共产卵10窝, 每窝32—50枚, 共406枚, 受精273枚, 受精率为67.24%, 孵出稚鼋140只, 孵化率为51.28%; 2016年共产卵11窝, 每窝40—55枚, 共489枚, 受精353枚, 受精率为72.19%, 孵出稚鼋212只, 孵化率为60.06%。鼋卵圆形, 刚性, 均重(16.82±1.99) g, 卵直径(3.10±0.18) cm, 刚孵出稚鼋均重(13.60±0.85) g, 在人工控温下平均孵化期为(64.94±3.47)d。繁殖数据表明这2对鼋处于生育盛年期。针对2016年的繁殖数据分析, 2只雌鼋每窝产卵量无明显差异, 卵均重和卵直径间有显著相关性, 雌鼋1个体体重大于雌鼋2, 前者产的卵均重显著大于后者, 孵出稚鼋的初重差异也显著, 卵大, 稚鼋也大。孵出的稚鼋以活鱼苗为饵料, 在温室内人工养殖周年, 均重可以达(510.30±82.77) g。研究旨在为鼋繁育生物学提供基础性数据, 为其资源保护做贡献。 相似文献
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采用虫蚀法制备了鼋Pelochelys cantorii和中华鳖Pelodiscus sinensis的骨骼标本, 对骨骼系统进行了观察、描述、绘图及比较分析。结果显示, 鼋的骨骼共169枚, 由背甲和腹甲组成的外骨骼、中轴骨和附肢骨组成的内骨骼组成。通过比较鼋和中华鳖的骨骼结构, 发现二者在头骨的吻突长度及第三颈椎结构方面有较大差别。鼋眼眶前部至吻突最前端的长度与头骨总长度比为0.082, 而中华鳖为0.570, 显示中华鳖吻突显著长于鼋。鼋与中华鳖的颈椎骨数目均为9枚, 但中华鳖的第三至第九颈椎的横突要更明显, 第七颈椎的椎体向上显著翘起, 且第九颈椎腹面椎体前端为尖状。从整条颈椎上看, 鼋脊椎长度与其背甲长度之比为0.66, 中华鳖为1.07, 表明中华鳖的颈椎更长; 研究结果丰富了鳖科动物的骨骼学基础数据, 也为鼋物种鉴定、龟鳖动物系统演化及生态适应性提供骨骼学理论依据。 相似文献
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甘肃兰州盆地第三系咸水河组的双壳类 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
描述了兰州盆地第三系咸水河组中首次发现的5种双壳类化石;它们均属于古异齿目珠蚌科,是现代东方区的特征属种。根据相应层位中发现的哺乳动物化石推断,咸水河组中的生存的时代为早浙新世晚期;与欧洲的哺乳动物带MN2-3相当。 相似文献
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为研究鼋(Pelochelys cantorii)保种群体的遗传信息,利用鼋转录组文库, 筛选出了10对微卫星引物, 以此建立了基于 2 组各含5个微卫星位点多重 PCR 体系的鼋亲子鉴定技术, 并应用 2 组微卫星多重 PCR 体系, 通过 ABI3130 遗传分析仪及 PopGene3.2和CERVUS软件对56只子一代鼋进行个体基因型检测和群体遗传多样性分析, 结果显示, 鼋子一代群体的平均等位基因数为2.3, 微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量为0.3829, 平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.6305和0.4767, 处中高度水平。对子代进行亲子分析, 10个微卫星位点的累积排除概率分别为73.14%(NE-1P)、90.98%(NE-2P)和98%(NE-3P), 能够满足亲子鉴定的需要。且4只亲本在生殖选择中表现出差异。鼋多重 PCR 亲子鉴定技术的建立为群体遗传多样性分析、家系鉴定管理和选择育种提供了有效的技术手段。 相似文献
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浙江瓯江流域鼋的生态观察 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
大型鳖科动物鼋Pelochelys bibroni(Owen)俗称“兰团鱼,”是珍稀爬行动物之一。据文献记载,我国江南诸省如广东、广西、江苏、浙江及云南等均曾有分布。但是,随着人类经济活动的迅速发展,江河湖泊的开发利用,使得鼋的生存环境遭到非常严重的破坏,加之人类的肆意捕杀,目前鼋在上述地区已濒临绝迹。苏州动物园过去曾饲养着数十只,据述目前仅剩二只了,而且始终未曾增加新的活体。1962年,陈义报道的在镇江以东长江支流中捕到过一雌性活 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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