虫生真菌LL-01鉴定及对两种检疫性粉蚧的致病性

【目的】为丰富南洋臀纹粉蚧Planococcus lilacinus和石蒜绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solani的生防菌资源。【方法】本研究从感病南洋臀纹粉蚧上分离生防菌,采用基因序列分析方法进行种类鉴定,并在室内优化其培养条件,评估其对这2种检疫性粉蚧的致病性。【结果】分离得到1株编号为LL-01的虫生真菌,经r DNA-ITS、18S r DNA和Nad1序列分析确定为蜡蚧轮枝菌;该菌的生长和产孢最适的温度为26℃,光周期为6L︰18D,碳源为果糖,氮源为干酪素,此条件下培养10 d的蜡蚧轮枝菌菌落直径和产孢量分别可达4.66 cm和3.16×10⁸孢子/cm8孢子/cm²;其侵染不同虫龄南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧10 d后的LC_(50)分别为9.80×102;其侵染不同虫龄南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧10 d后的LC_(50)分别为9.80×10⁴-9.17×104-9.17×10⁵孢子/m L和5.00×105孢子/m L和5.00×10⁴-5.30×104-5.30×10⁵孢子/m L。浓度为1.00×105孢子/m L。浓度为1.00×10⁸孢子/m L的蜡蚧轮枝菌侵染南洋臀纹粉蚧和石蒜绵粉蚧后第10天,其累计致死率分别为84.09%-97.62%和89.89%-98.85%,LT_(50)分别为3.70-5.84 d和3.48-5.14 d;在侵染第5天时,蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性分别达峰值19.44 U/m L和15.01 U/m L,脂肪酶活性在侵染第6天时达到峰值7.68 U/m L。【结论】蜡蚧轮枝菌LL-01生长速度快、产孢量高,对这2种检疫性粉蚧的致病性强。     

蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1的鉴定及其对豆蚜的生物防治潜力

【目的】蚜虫是农业生产中最具破坏性的害虫之一,每年造成巨大的农业经济损失。本研究旨在对从死亡蚜虫虫体上分离获得的一株真菌HK-1进行鉴定,分析其生物学特性,并测定其分生孢子对豆蚜Aphis craccivora成蚜的毒力及其对常用化学农药的敏感性,以期为蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium的大规模生产和应用提供理论基础。【方法】结合形态特征和多基因联合分析对HK-1菌株进行鉴定;通过单独改变培养基、pH、碳源和氮源来测定菌株的菌丝生长速率、产孢量和孢子萌发率;采用浸渍法测定孢子悬浮液对豆蚜成蚜的致死率和致死中时(median lethal time, LT₅₀);采用生长速率法测定常用农药对该菌株的半效应浓度(median effective concentration, EC₅₀)。【结果】经鉴定本研究分离的菌株HK-1为蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1;生物学特性研究结果表明,L.araneicola HK-1在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基上的生长、产孢量和孢子萌发的状态均较其他培养基上的表现好;pH 9....     

昆虫病原真菌对日本龟蜡蚧蜡泌物的降解作用

[目的]为了研究昆虫病原真菌感染蚧虫过程中对其蜡泌物的降解作用.[方法]本文选择3种虫生真菌的4个菌株即,蜡蚧霉Lecaniciliium lecanii的菌株V3.4504和V3.4505、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana菌株FDB01和绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae菌株TSL06,以日本龟蜡蚧Ceroplastes japonicus Green(昆虫纲:半翅目:蚧总科)雌成虫的蜡泌物作为无机盐培养液中的唯一碳源,研究各菌株在该无机盐培养液中的生长情况、酶活变化和对蜡泌物的降解作用.[结果]在上述培养液中,4株病原真菌都能以日本龟蜡蚧的蜡泌物作为其营养碳源,进行生长繁殖,产生酶类物质,对蜡质造成降解.菌株V3.4504和V3.4505在无机盐培养液中多以芽管的形态存在,而菌株FDB01和TSL06多以附着胞的形式存在;在7天的培养过程中,菌株V3.4504、V3.4505、FDB01、TSL06的脂肪酶活性最高值分别为(0.128±0.017) U/mL、(0.056±0.002) U/mL、(0.124±0.011) U/mL、(0.149±0.005) U/mL,不同菌株之间的脂肪酶活性有显著差异;4菌株脱氢酶活性分别为(0.075±0.003) U/mL、(0.074±0.003) U/mL、(0.061 ±0.04) U/mL、(0.066±0.002) U/mL,它们之间的差异没有达到显著水平;4菌株对蜡泌物的降解率分别为(18.20±0.019)％、(11.00±0.011)％、(15.4±0.017)％、(23.10±0.031)％;在菌的作用下,蜡泌物的结构变得松脆,表面出现许多小孔洞,并有白色附着物.用扫描电镜观察到了菌丝在蜡质上的附着和穿刺.[结论]昆虫病原真菌可以降解日本龟蜡蚧蜡泌物的化学成分(主要是长链脂肪酸等多种长碳链化合物以及组成“内蜜露”的多种糖类和氨基酸)作为自己的营养碳源,并使蜡泌物的物理结构发生改变,这是病菌打破蜡壳屏障,成功入侵蚧虫的关键原因.菌株分泌的脂肪酶和脱氢酶参与了降解作用,其中脂肪酶发挥了更为关键的作用.4菌株中对蜡质的降解率依次为TSL06＞ V3.4504＞FDB01＞V3.4505.     

辐射诱变筛选高生长速率的渐狭蜡蚧菌及其生物学特性研究

本试验利用电子束及γ射线两种射线对渐狭蜡蚧菌(Lecanicillium attenuatum)3166进行诱变处理,研究适于渐狭蜡蚧菌诱变选育的吸收剂量以及诱变菌株生物学特性。结果表明：电子束及γ射线诱变渐狭蜡蚧菌的最适剂量均为200 Gy,渐狭蜡蚧菌的电子束辐射敏感性D10值为191 Gy、γ射线D₁₀值为366 Gy;以产孢速率为指标筛选获得突变菌株8株,其中5株的菌丝生长及产孢速率较出发菌株显著提高,均为电子束诱变所得,产孢速率分别较出发菌株提高了30.45%、31.55%、23.66%、64.83%、68.77%;诱变菌株的胞外几丁质酶比活在培养5 d时达到峰值,诱变株Ⅱ111、Ⅱ164、Ⅱ181的几丁质酶比活分别较出发菌株显著提高29.29%、54.45%、19.18%,其中Ⅱ164酶比活可达1 707.41 U/mg prot;胞外蛋白酶比活在培养7 d时达到峰值,Ⅱ111、Ⅱ164、Ⅱ181的蛋白酶比活分别较出发菌株显著提高17.98%、13.17%、16.50%,其中Ⅱ111酶比活达到30.71 U/mg prot,且渐狭蜡蚧菌诱变株生长速率与胞...     

对桃蚜高毒力的蜡蚧菌菌株筛选

【目的】桃蚜Myzus persicae是一种世界性的重要农作物害虫,近年来已对多种化学杀虫剂产生抗性。本研究旨在筛选对桃蚜具有高毒力且培养性状优良的蜡蚧菌菌株。【方法】选用蜡蚧菌属Lecanicillium 2个种的7个菌株,即刀孢蜡蚧菌L.psalliotae 3个菌株(HFLP006, HFLP021和HFLP025)和渐狭蜡蚧菌L.attenuatum 4个菌株(HFLA032, HFLA041, HFLA064和HFLA066),接种在SDAY平板上培养并观察菌落生长与产孢性状;以2.0×10~7孢子/mL悬浮液用浸渍法测定对桃蚜无翅成蚜的致死率和致死中时(LT_(50));进而用系列浓度(1.0×10~4-1.0×10~8孢子/mL) HFLP006和HFLA032菌株孢子悬浮液测定其对桃蚜无翅成蚜的致死中浓度(LC_(50));利用体视显微镜逐日观察1.0×10~8孢子/mL HFLP006菌株孢子悬浮液侵染后无翅成蚜的染病症状变化。【结果】在SDAY平板上7个蜡蚧菌菌株的菌落形态基本相似,其中HFLP006和HFLA032菌株的生长与产孢性状较好,接种后15 d的菌落直径分别为50.75 mm和51.13 mm,产孢量分别为13.90×10~7和11.50×10~7孢子/cm~2;各菌株的孢子萌发率均超过了96.00%,其中HFLP006菌株的萌发率达到99.28%。对桃蚜无翅成蚜致病力最高的是HFLP006菌株,处理后7 d引起的累计校正死亡率为83.56%,显著高于其他菌株,LT_(50)为3.74 d,小于其他菌株;其次为HFLA032,处理后7 d引起的桃蚜无翅成蚜累计校正死亡率为63.01%,LT_(50)为5.75 d。毒力测定发现,处理后7 d菌株HFLP006和HFLA032对桃蚜无翅成蚜的LC_(50)值分别为0.21×10~6和1.86×10~6孢子/mL。在接种1.0×10~8孢子/mL HFLP006菌株孢子悬浮液后,第2天桃蚜成蚜活力减弱,虫体腹部开始出现褐斑,之后胸腹部逐渐变褐,足和触角变白,全身干瘪,体表长出大量白色丝状菌丝。【结论】HFLP006菌株对桃蚜无翅成蚜的致死率远高于其他菌株且致死时间最短,因此具有应用于桃蚜生物防治的潜力。此外,HFLP006菌株在SDAY培养基上表现出良好的培养性状。研究结果为该菌株的进一步规模化发酵提供了理论依据。     

渐狭蜡蚧菌产生的几丁质酶对芦笋茎枯病菌的抑制作用

目的:研究渐狭蜡蚧菌产生的几丁质酶及其对芦笋茎枯病菌天门冬拟茎点霉的抑制效果。方法:通过乙酰葡萄糖胺法、对硝基苯酚法和活性电泳法测定渐狭蜡蚧菌CGMCC5328的产几丁质酶特性及其粗酶液对芦笋茎枯病菌的抑菌效果。结果:渐狭蜡蚧菌CGMCC5328几丁质酶粗提取液的几丁质降解酶系活性第4 d达到高峰期;几丁质外切酶活性第6 d达到高峰期;活性染色检测到5条几丁质酶谱带,相对分子质量分别为32.9×103、42.1×103、54.1×103、65.6×103和79.6×103。用该几丁质酶粗酶液处理芦笋茎枯病菌,与灭活酶液处理相比较,抑菌效果明显,酶液处理导致菌丝畸形。结论:渐狭蜡蚧菌CGMCC5328产生的几丁质酶对芦笋茎枯病菌有抑制作用。     

八种常用农药与蜡蚧轮枝菌JMC-01的相容性及对烟粉虱若虫的毒力测定

【目的】为明确8种常用农药与蜡蚧轮枝菌的相容性及对烟粉虱Bemisiatabaci若虫的毒力。【方法】该试验采用涂板法和浸渍法分别测定了8种常用农药对蜡蚧轮枝菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和产孢量以及对烟粉虱若虫的LC50和共毒系数。【结果】结果表明,随着农药稀释倍数的增加,蜡蚧轮枝菌菌丝生长抑制率、孢子萌发抑制率和产孢抑制率依次降低。其中,生物源农药乙基多杀菌素、藜芦碱、印楝素与蜡蚧轮枝菌的相容性和协同增效作用最好。乙基多杀菌素、藜芦碱、印楝素在10倍稀释浓度下,孢子萌发抑制率分别为20.02%、16.41%、15.38%;产孢抑制率分别为17.77%、15.90%、14.96%;菌丝生长抑制率分别为9.96%、8.87%、9.74%。蜡蚧轮枝菌与印楝素、藜芦碱混合后协同增效作用最好,CTC最大值分别为315和302。【结论】因此,应用蜡蚧轮枝菌防治烟粉虱,选择相容性好、共毒系数高的农药以低剂量与蜡蚧轮枝菌复配使用,可以大幅度减少农药的用量,对温室大棚烟粉虱的生物防治提供参考依据。     

柿日本蜡蚧发生规律及常用药剂防治效果比较

【目的】日本蜡蚧Ceroplastes japonicus Green是柿树(Diospyros kaki L.f.)上的重要害虫,该论文目的是明确柿日本蜡蚧Persimmon ceroplastes japonicus在云南省玉溪市的发生规律,筛选出有效药剂。【方法】依据本地的物候规律系统调查日本蜡蚧的发生情况,采用随机区组设计筛选有效药剂。【结果】日本蜡蚧在云南省玉溪市1年发生1代,以受精雌成虫在1~2年生枝条上越冬,翌年2月初,气温稳定在6℃以上开始发育,3月上旬开始产卵,3月下旬孵化,5月上旬—6月上旬为孵化盛期,7月上旬雌虫陆续由叶转到枝上固着危害,至秋后开始进入越冬期。用48%毒死蜱(480g/L EC)5 000倍液、24%螺虫乙酯(240g/L SL)2 500倍液、2.5%高效氯氰菊酯(EC)2 500倍液、40%杀扑磷(EC)1 000倍液、25%噻虫嗪(WG)8 000倍液、20%阿维菌素·毒死蜱(ME)(阿维菌素0.2%和毒死蜱19.8%)2 000倍液和90%敌百虫原药1 000倍液,喷雾时添加2 500倍液有机硅喷雾助剂。田间防治试验表明:施药后5 d,2.5%高效氯氰菊酯和40%杀扑磷防效分别为93.7%和91.9%,均显著高于其余5种药剂的防效;施药后10 d,24%螺虫乙酯和20%阿维菌素·毒死蜱的防效分别为96.2%和92.9%,均显著高于2.5%高效氯氰菊酯、40%杀扑磷和90%敌百虫原药的防效;施药后20 d 48%毒死蜱、24%螺虫乙酯、25%噻虫嗪和20%阿维菌素·毒死蜱的防效分别为85.2%、96.6%、83.3%和93.7%,均显著高于2.5%高效氯氰菊酯、40%杀扑磷和90%敌百虫原药的防效。【结论】日本蜡蚧在云南省玉溪市一年发生1代。高效氯氰菊酯和杀扑磷具有较好的速效性,螺虫乙酯和阿维菌素·毒死蜱混剂持效性较好。     

无花果蜡蚧在云南省的发生情况

【目的】无花果蜡蚧(半翅目:蚧科:蜡蚧属)是一种原产非洲的世界性害虫,2012年被发现入侵我国,此后再无系统性的调查报道。本研究基于多年的野外调查,明确无花果蜡蚧在云南省的发生与危害情况,以期为其监测和防治提供科学依据。【方法】2016年10月—2021年10月,对云南省15州(市)的67个县(区市)113个乡镇进行了调查,系统梳理了无花果蜡蚧的分布、寄主及一些生物学习性。【结果】截至2021年10月,无花果蜡蚧已在云南省10州(市)14县(区市)17个乡镇有分布。其寄主植物共8科13属18种,11种为国内首次报道,包括无花果、杧果、油橄榄、椰子、油棕5种重要经济作物。棕榈科和桑科榕属植物受害种类较多,散尾葵为高发植物。无花果蜡蚧多在叶片正面和枝条上取食。随着龄期增加,有从叶片向枝条转移的习性。【结论】无花果蜡蚧在云南省呈零星分布,在滇南地区发生较为普遍。目前未造成明显的经济损失,但对无花果危害较重。其继续扩散的风险较高,应加以警惕。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌和球孢白僵菌的共发酵

【目的】球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)和蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii)是国内外目前研究应用最广泛的杀虫生防真菌,欲扩大其防治范围、增强防治效果、降低生防成本。【方法】采用共发酵技术,通过组合菌株产孢能力和杀虫毒力比较试验,确定蜡蚧轮枝菌和球孢白僵菌共发酵的可行性。【结果】蜡蚧轮枝菌L-31和球孢白僵菌Q-55共发酵的最佳配比为1:1时,按10%总量接种于发酵培养液中(培养液按酵母膏5.0 g/L、葡萄糖20.0 g/L、麦芽糖提取物5.0 g/L、KH2PO43.0 g/L、黄小米200.0 g/L,pH 6.5配制),23.0°C±0.1°C恒温静置发酵12 d,共发酵液的含孢量可达1×109CFU/mL以上,杀虫毒力比较强,其对温室白粉虱和菜青虫可同时显效,处理9 d后的致死中浓度LC50分别为2.09×104±0.12 CFU/mL和3.17×105±0.11 CFU/mL,发酵液浓度为1×108CFU/mL时的致死中时间LT50分别为2.11±0.14 d和4.27±0.43 d,温室小区试验校正防效在80%以上,与其各单一菌株发酵液的防效之间存在显著性差异。【结论】通过两株生防真菌的共发酵研究,为杀虫真菌的扩谱增效以及植物害虫的有效防治提供科学依据和有效途径。     

球孢白僵菌数量性状的典型相关分析*

来源不同的球孢白僵菌菌株的生物学性状（培养特征、产孢量、菌落生长速率及孢子萌发中时）、生态学性状（毒力、水分活性、紫外照射活率、水浴活率）及生物化学性状（草酸水平、蛋白酶产量、几丁质酶产量、葡萄糖苷酶产量、酯酶及脂肪酶产量）经观察测定,共得到１５个指标。对不同性状集团及其组合进行典型相关分析,结果表明生物学性状与生态学性状的相关主要为产孢量与菌株毒力及孢子水浴活率之间的相关。生物学与生物化学性状间的相关主要为产孢量与蛋白酶及草酸水平的相关;生态学与生物化学性状间的相关主要为水浴活率与草酸水平及蛋白酶产量间的相关;含培养特征的生物生态与生物化学性状的相关主要由菌落颜色、产孢量、毒力、水浴活率与蛋白酶、葡萄糖苷酶相关引起的;而不含培养特征的生物生态与生物化学性状相关主要由产孢量、毒力、水浴活率与草酸水平、蛋白酶、几丁质酶相关引起的。     

球孢白僵菌数量性状的典型相关分析

来源不同的球孢白僵菌菌株的生物学性状（培养特征、产孢量、菌落生长速率及孢子萌发中时）、生态学性状（毒力、水分活性、紫外照射活率、水浴活率）及生物化学性状（草酸水平、蛋白酶产量、几丁质酶产量、葡萄糖苷酶产量、酯酶及脂肪酶产量）经观察测定,共得到１５个指标。对不同性状集团及其组合进行典型相关分析,结果表明生物学性状与生态学性状的相关主要为产孢量与菌株毒力及孢子水浴活率之间的相关。生物学与生物化学性状间的相关主要为产孢量与蛋白酶及草酸水平的相关;生态学与生物化学性状间的相关主要为水浴活率与草酸水平及蛋白酶产量间的相关;含培养特征的生物生态与生物化学性状的相关主要由菌落颜色、产孢量、毒力、水浴活率与蛋白酶、葡萄糖苷酶相关引起的;而不含培养特征的生物生态与生物化学性状相关主要由产孢量、毒力、水浴活率与草酸水平、蛋白酶、几丁质酶相关引起的。     

Traits associated with virulence to the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanborni in eighteen isolates of Verticillium lecanii

Eighteen isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii from various world-wide locations, from insect hosts and soil were bioassayed against the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanborni in the laboratory. Virulence ranged from an isolate which achieved 100% mortality and LT 50 value (adults) of 3 days ± 0· 2 at 24 ° C, compared with the least virulent isolates causing less than 10% mortality over 14 days (when treated with an inoculum of 1 × 10⁶ conidiospores/ml). All isolates produced extracellular protease and lipase, irrespective of their virulence. A number of traits were frequently associated with the expression of virulence including fast germination, high sporulation rate, an absence of extracellular amylase activity and high extracellular chitinase activities. Large spore size was not strongly associated with virulence. There were exceptions in each variate studied, suggesting that overall expression of virulence is a result of the total complex of these and other traits still to be determined.     

脐腹小蠹高致病力虫生真菌菌株的筛选

【目的】脐腹小蠹Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov是白榆的钻蛀性害虫之一,为找到对脐腹小蠹的高致病力虫生真菌菌株。【方法】通过室内喷雾法研究了5株虫生真菌菌株对脐腹小蠹幼虫的致病力,结合各菌株菌落直径、孢子萌发率、产孢量和菌落生长速率4个培养特征,筛选到Bb773和Pc546 2株优良的菌株,在此基础上,进一步对这2株菌株的几丁质酶、蛋白质酶和荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶活性进行了测定。【结果】菌株Bb773和菌株Pc546在浓度为1×107孢子/mL悬浮液处理后,10 d的后脐腹小蠹幼虫的校正死亡率分别达96.67%和90.00%,致死中时分别为3.61 d和4.18 d。菌株Bb773的几丁质酶、FDA水解酶和蛋白质酶活性在接种后第2~10天均高于菌株Pc546,2株菌株蛋白质酶活性差异均达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。【结论】确定了菌株Bb773在脐腹小蠹害虫生物防治中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Ocurrence of the antibiotic producing bacterium Burkholderia sp. in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa

Fungus garden material from recently established Atta sexdens rubropilosa colonies (6-12 months old) was sampled to detect antibiotic producing microorganisms that inhibited the growth of pathogens of insects and of the fungus gardens but did not affect their mutualistic fungus. A bacterium with activity against the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was isolated from 56% of the gardens tested (n=57) and identified from its biochemical profile and from 16S and 23S ribosomal DNA sequences as a member of the genus Burkholderia. The ant-associated Burkholderia isolates secreted a potent, anti-fungal agent that inhibited germination of conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, of the saprophytic Verticillium lecanii, and also of a specialist fungus garden Escovopsis weberi. Growth of the ant's mutualist fungus was unaffected.     

Entomopathogenic fungi from Argentina for the control of Schistocerca cancellata (Orthoptera: Acrididae) nymphs: fungal pathogenicity and enzyme activity

The South American locust Schistocerca cancellata (Serville) was the most serious agricultural pest in Argentina during the first half of the last century and remains as a threat when preventive control measures are relaxed in the outbreak area. In this study, we analysed in the laboratory, the effectiveness of 26 fungal strains (isolated from both insects and soil collected in Argentina) for S. cancellata control and determined the relationship between the chitinase, protease and lipase levels in these fungi and their insecticidal activities. We observed that Beauveria bassiana (isolate LPSC 1067) caused the highest mortality (90±1.03%), the highest values of chitinolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activity were 6.13±0.05, 2.56±0.11 and 2.33±0.47, respectively, and the lowest median lethal time was 5.96 days. This is the first time that a wide variability in chitinase, protease and lipase activity as well as in virulence has been reported in a representative sample of different entomopathogenic fungal strains from Argentina.     

Cuticle-degrading proteases of entomopathogenic fungi: from biochemistry to biological performance

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi are among the most successful biocontrol agents for preventing economic loss from insects. The identification of virulent species or isolates, the development of formulation technology and the improvement of efficiency are avenues being pursuing by researchers in diverse scientific disciplines. A successful entomopathogenic fungus deploys a combination of mechanical and biochemical processes to overcome the first defensive barrier in insects, the integument. A precise understanding of the mechanisms underlying fungal pathogenicity, particularly the roles of enzymes such as proteases, is essential in order to highlight the potential of entomopathogenic fungi and increase their virulence via genetic modifications. Cuticle-degrading proteases are divided into subtilisin-like (Pr1) and trypsin-like (Pr2) proteases, which are secreted in the initial stages of penetration. The biochemical structure contains the catalytic triad Asp39, His69 and Ser224 in addition to Ca²⁺ binding sites. Studies have shown a molecular weight of almost 19–47?kDa, an optimal pH of 7–12 and an optimal temperature of 35–45?°C. Different species or isolates of entomopathogenic fungi exhibit differences in the secretion and activity of cuticle-degrading proteases, which may indicate their virulence capacity. Genetic engineering techniques have been developed to create isolates with protease overexpression. Such isolates have significantly higher virulence against the host because they not only ensure fungal penetration but also exhibit direct toxicity to insects.     

球孢白僵菌丝氨酸蛋白酶基因CDEP-1在毕赤酵母中的表达

我们从球孢白僵菌中克隆了丝氨酸蛋白酶Pr1类基因CDEP-1。为明确CDEP-1的功能、评价其在害虫生物防治中的潜力,需要大量制备具有生物活性的CDEP-1编码蛋白。由于大肠杆菌系统表达真核基因存在产物复性困难的问题,本文利用毕赤酵母系统来表达CDEP-1。结果表明,CDEP-1可在毕赤酵母中高效的分泌表达,而且产物活性高,甲醇诱导48h后上清液中的酶活即可达到38,266U/L。诱导表达的上清液经浓缩后进行凝胶过滤层析,得到了CDEP-1的初纯品,蛋白质含量为50mg/L。将纯化的蛋白酶CDEP-1免疫家兔,制备了CDEP-1的抗血清。Westernblotting分析表明,制备的抗血清可特异性地检测CDEP-1。     

莱氏野村菌紫外线诱变抗敌敌畏菌株的生理特性

[背景]夜蛾科害虫易对化学杀虫剂产生高抗性,但一些化学农药可以对部分虫生真菌的毒力作用效果起增幅作用,目前缺乏对莱氏野村菌(Nomuraea rileyi)的该方面研究.[目的]探究对常用有机磷杀虫剂敌敌畏具有较强耐药性的紫外线诱变莱氏野村菌突变菌株的生理特性,包括菌丝生长、产孢情况和产几丁质酶活性.[方法]在紫外线诱...     

Boophilus microplus Infection by Beauveria amorpha andBeauveria bassiana: SEM Analysis and Regulation of Subtilisin-like Proteases and Chitinases

Beauveria bassiana is a well-known broad-range arthropod pathogen which has been used in biological control of several pest insects and ticks such as Boophilus microplus. Beauveria amorpha has both endophytic and entomopathogenic characteristics, but its capacity for biological control has still not been studied. During the processes of host infection, B. bassiana and B. amorpha produce several hydrolytic extracellular enzymes, including proteases and chitinases, which probably degrade the host cuticle and are suggested to be pathogenicity determinants. To access the role of these enzymes during infection in the tick B. microplus, we analyzed their secretion during fungus growth in single and combined carbon sources, compared to complex substrates such as chitin and B. microplus cuticle. Chitin and tick cuticle-induced chitinase in both fungus and protease was induced only by tick cuticle. SEM analysis of B. amorpha and B. bassiana infecting B. microplus showed apressorium formation during penetration on cattle tick cuticle.