补体第六成分（C6）在汉族5个群体中的多态分布

用聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦技术和免疫酶标法,调查分析了汉族5个群体补体第六成分(C6)的遗传多态性,得出基因频率如下。郑州汉族:C6*A 0.4521、C6*B 0.5228、C6*B_2 0.0183、和C6*R 0.0068。兰州汉族:C6*A 0.4612、C6*B 0.5218和C6*B_2 0.0170。呼和浩特汉族:C6*A 0.4452、C6*B 0.5286、C6*B_2 0.0214和C6*R 0.0048。西安汉族:C6*A 0.4899、C6*B 0.4874、C6*B_2 0.0126和C6*R 0.0101。广东梅州客家人:C6*A 0.4569、C6*B 0.5152和C6*B_2 0.0279。C6*R为罕见等位基因之频率。     

中国广东省四个民族C6别型遗传特点——附三个新的罕见变异型报道

应用等电聚焦-免疫印迹法调查了广东省四个民族(汉、苗、黎和回族)C6遗传多态性。广州地区汉族C6等位基因频率分别为:C6*A0.4225,C6*B0.5288,C6*B2 0.0387和C6*R(M91,M92,M11,B21)0.0100。海南岛三个少数民族C6遗传特点与广州汉族相似,均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。共发现五个罕见基因的杂合子,其中三个等位基因为首次报道。     

武汉地区汉族人群补体第二成分（C2）的遗传多态现象

使用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦溶血覆盖技术,调查了武汉地区231例汉族人的C2多态现象。C2表型为C2C的216人,C2BC9人,C2AC5人,C2A1人。基因频率为:C2~*A 0.0151,C2~*B 0.0195, C2~*C 0.9654。     

广东汉族人群补体C2 , Bf, C4的遗传多态现象

对110例广东汉族人血清作了补体C2, Bf, C4的测定,其基因频率分V1为：C2*C'0.9500, C2*B: 0.0227,C2-,4:0182, C2*QO:O．0091;Bf*S：0．8364, Bf^`F:0．1409, Bf*S07：0．0091, Bf *S025： 0.009i,Bf*S055：0,0045; C4*A3：0.6327,C4*A4：0．1327,C4*_00：0．1020, C4*A5：0．0255 （一4*A2: 0·0918,C4*,41：0．0053;C4*B1：0．4569, C4*B2：0．4416, C4*QO:O．0558,C4*B5：0．0152,C4"}B96： 0.0152, C4*B3:0.0102, C4*B92:0.0051。木调查在我国首次发现一例C2*QO纯合子。     

中国武汉地区汉族人补体第四成份(C4)的遗传多态现象

对神经氨酸酶处理去涎的血浆进行高压琼脂糖电泳后,分别应用免疫固定和溶血覆盖技术调查了我国武汉地区汉族180人的C4多态现象。在C4A座位发现5个变型:C4A4、3、2、1和91;在C4B座位发现6个变型:C4B 3、2、1、92、9W和96。两个座位均有静息等位基因(C4A~*QO和C4B~*QO)存在。它们相应的基因频率为:C4A~*4,0.014;3,0.633;2,0.192;1,0.011;91,0.003;QO,0.147;C4B~*3,0.006;2,0.127;1,0.751;92,0.041;9W,0.003;96,0.006;QO,0.0660单零C4A(c4A QO)表型个体占总体28.3％,单零C4B(C4B QO)占11.1％;纯合C4A缺乏(C4A QO,QO)和纯合C4B缺乏(C4BQO,QO)分别占0.56％。和1.11％卡方测验表明,C4A和C4B基因频率分别符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。     

内蒙古地区蒙古族HLA-A、B、DRB1基因座多态性分析

应用序列特异性寡核苷酸探针反向斑点杂交技术对内蒙古地区蒙古族106名无关健康个体的HLA-A、B和DRB1 基因座进行基因分型, 以研究内蒙古地区蒙古族人群HLA-A、B、DRB1基因座的等位基因及其组成的单倍型频率分布特征。 采用最大数学预期值算法计算HLA基因座的等位基因频率和单倍型频率。106 名内蒙古地区蒙古族个体的HLA-A、B、DRB1基因座分别检出13、29、13个等位基因。高频单倍型分别为 HLA-A*02-B*46 (0.0510); HLA-A*02-B*13(0.0495); HLA-A*02-B*51(0.0442); HLA-B*13-DRB1*07 (0.0555); HLA- B*46-DRB1*09(0.0378); HLA-B*35-DRB1*13(0.03300); HLA-A*02-B*13-DRB1*07(0.033019); HLA-A*02-B*46- DRB1*09(0.031985)。研究表明: 内蒙古地区蒙古族人群HLA基因座的等位基因和单倍型具有较高的遗传多态性。HLA- A*24-B*14, HLA-A*32-B*63在该民族具有极强的连锁不平衡。     

两种构祀植物花药培养单倍体的诱导

对110例广东汉族人血清作了补体C2, Bf, C4的测定,其基因频率分V1为：C2*C'0.9500, C2*B: 0.0227,C2-,4:0182, C2*QO:O．0091;Bf*S：0．8364, Bf^`F:0．1409, Bf*S07：0．0091, Bf *S025： 0.009i,Bf*S055：0,0045; C4*A3：0.6327,C4*A4：0．1327,C4*_00：0．1020, C4*A5：0．0255 （一4*A2: 0·0918,C4*,41：0．0053;C4*B1：0．4569, C4*B2：0．4416, C4*QO:O．0558,C4*B5：0．0152,C4"}B96： 0.0152, C4*B3:0.0102, C4*B92:0.0051。木调查在我国首次发现一例C2*QO纯合子。     

HLA-B*2736等位基因的序列分析

使用FLOW-SSO、PCR-SSP以及测序等分型技术, 发现一个与HLA-B*270401基因相关的未知基因。设计基因特异性引物单独扩增B*27基因的外显子2-5, 包括内含子2-4, 并进行双向测序, 分析与B*270401基因序列的差异。该基因的扩增产物为1 815 bp。与B*270401相比在外显子3和4共有10个碱基的改变, 从而使相应氨基酸发生错义或同义突变。碱基634 A→C (密码子130丝氨酸→精氨酸); 670 A→T (密码子142苏氨酸→丝氨酸); 683 G→T (密码子146色氨酸→亮氨酸); 698 A→T (密码子151谷氨酸→缬氨酸); 774 G→C (密码子176谷氨酸→天冬氨酸); 776 C→A (密码子177苏氨酸→赖氨酸); 781 C→G (密码子179谷氨酰胺→谷氨酸); 789 G→T (密码子181丙氨酸同义突变); 1 438 C→T (密码子206甘氨酸同义突变); 1 449 G→C (密码子210甘氨酸→丙氨酸)。在IMGT/HLA数据库中B*27组只有3个基因（B*270502 / 2706 / 2732）提交了内含子序列。该未知基因的内含子2序列与B*2706相同, 显示了与B*27组基因的同源性, 但其同源性在内含子3、4均未得到支持, 与B*27组基因相比, 内含子3的第106个碱基C→G, 碱基168缺失, 碱基179 G→A, 碱基536 G→A; 内含子4中碱基82 T→C。但其内含子3、4序列却与B*070201完全相同。该基因序列已提交GenBank, 编号为被DQ915176, 被WHO确认为HLA-B*2736等位基因。     

中国人dystrophin基因RFLPs的初步研究

我们用dystrophin基因的cDNA全顺序(长14 kb)为核酸分子杂交探针,对中国人dystrophin基因内的RFLPs进行了初步研究。在结果中给出了PvuⅡ/1 a、Taq Ⅰ/2 b—3、PvuⅡ/2 b—3、TaqⅠ/5 b—7、Xba Ⅰ/10五种杂交中所见的六个RFLPs 的预期杂合频率和受检女性的实际杂合频率;其中PvuⅡ/2 b—3(A 1=26.0 kb,A 2=3.8 kb)和Taq Ⅰ/5 b—7(A 1=10.0 kb,A2=8.4 kb)的2个RFLPs为本文首次报道。PvuⅡ/1 a的2个RFLPs 的等位片段频率与日本人的同类研究结果比较,差异无显著性。但Taq Ⅰ/2 b—3、Taq Ⅰ/5 b—7、Taq Ⅰ/8、EcoR Ⅴ/9和Xba Ⅰ/10的5个RFLPs 与高加索人的数据比较,发现其中4个RFLPs 的等位片段频率的差异有极其显著性。这提示了东西方人在dystrophin 基因的分子结构上存在着较大的差别。在这些差异之中,Taq Ⅰ/2 b—3、Taq Ⅰ/8和EcoR Ⅴ/9检出的RFLPs 等位频率,中国人低于高加索人;而Xba Ⅰ/10检出的RFLPs 等位频率则显著高于高加索人;另外Taq Ⅰ/5 b—7检出的RFLPs的等位片段频率则与高加索人相近。实验结果还提示PvuⅡ/1 a、Taq Ⅰ/5 b—7和Xba Ⅰ/10这三种杂交,对于在中国人群中检测DMD/BMD 基因携带者以及产前诊断,具有很高的应用价值。     

我国大陆主要少数民族HLA多态性聚类分析和频率分布对中华民族起源的启示

本文是1991年11月6—13日横滨第11届国际组织相容性会议(IHWC)协作科研中我国主要少数民族(苗族、布依族、蒙古族、满族、回族、藏族、维吾尔族)和南北汉族样本HLAⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类抗原多态性分析的联合报告。聚类分析表明,苗、布依与南方汉族聚类,蒙、满、回、藏与北方汉族集群,提示中华民族包含南北两大群体。维吾尔族非常疏远地共聚于高加索人种。高加索人种起源的HLA抗原基因频率(A3、B8等)由西向东又由北向南递减。东南亚蒙古人种起源的HLA抗原基因频率(B46等)由南向北递减。HLA抗原基因频率的这种梯度分布反映我们祖先自远古史前时期以来的不断迁移和相互融合的过程。本文讨论了中华民族包含南北两大群体这一事实对于中华民族起源的启示。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.