中华蜜蜂感觉神经元膜蛋白基因克隆、组织表达分析及原核表达

为明确中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana嗅觉形成中重要功能因子的信号转导通路, 本研究利用RT-PCR方法, 克隆了中华蜜蜂感觉神经元膜蛋白 (sensory neuron membrane protein, SNMP) 基因编码区, GenBank登录号为KC012595, 命名为AccSNMP1。序列分析表明, 该编码区开放阅读框长1 563 bp, 编码520个氨基酸, 推测的编码蛋白的相对分子量和等电点分别为58.02 kD和5.83。同源性比较发现, 中华蜜蜂AccSNMP1与其他昆虫感觉神经元膜蛋白基因同源性差异很大, 在氨基酸水平上与西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera SNMP基因一致性达99.2%, 与熊蜂Bombus impatiens SNMP基因一致性达90.9%, 而与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum SNMP基因一致性仅为22.7%。系统发育树显示中华蜜蜂与西方蜜蜂遗传距离最近。实时荧光定量PCR结果分析表明, AccSNMP1在触角中表达量最高, 在足中表达量较高, 与胸、 腹、 头（去除触角和喙）、 喙中表达量相比差异显著（P<0.05）。构建原核表达载体pEASY-E1-AccSNMP1, 经IPTG诱导, 中华蜜蜂感觉神经元膜蛋白在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21 （DE3）中高效表达。结果为进一步研究AccSNMP1在中华蜜蜂体内的作用机理奠定了基础。     

A novel 1-Cys thioredoxin peroxidase gene in Apis cerana cerana: characterization of AccTpx4 and its role in oxidative stresses

Thioredoxin peroxidase (Tpx), also named peroxiredoxin (Prx), is an important peroxidase that can protect organisms against stressful environments. AccTpx4, a 1-Cys thioredoxin peroxidase gene from the Chinese honey bee Apis cerana cerana, was cloned and characterized. The AccTpx4 gene encodes a protein that is predicted to contain the conserved PVCTTE motif from 1-Cys peroxiredoxin. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) and Western blotting revealed that AccTpx4 was induced by various oxidative stresses, such as cold, heat, insecticides, H₂O₂, and HgCl₂. The in vivo peroxidase activity assay showed that recombinant AccTpx4 protein could efficiently degrade H₂O₂ in the presence of DL-dithiothreitol (DTT). In addition, disc fusion assays revealed that AccTpx4 could function to protect cells against oxidative stresses. These results indicate that AccTpx4 plays an important role in oxidative stress responses and may contribute to the conservation of honeybees.     

Molecular characterization and tissue localization of sensory neuron membrane protein from Chinese honey bee, Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) is an olfactory receptor with photoaffinity analogs, capable of binding the pheromone membrane protein receptor deduced from receptor membrane protein with the pheromone–pheromone binding protein complex. However, this hypothesis has not yet been experimentally verified. In this experiment, the cDNA sequence encoding an open reading frame (ORF) of the SNMP gene AccSNMP1 (GenBank, KC012595) was cloned from Chinese honey bee, Apis cerana cerana Fabricius. Results from sequence analysis showed that this gene is 1,563 bp long, and that the ORF encodes 520 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 58.02 kDa, and has a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.83. Furthermore, there are two putative transmembrane domains. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the AccSNMP1 gene from A. cerana cerana had different degrees of identity with the corresponding genes in nineteen other insects at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis of the aligned sequences showed that A. cerana cerana is closely related to Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Bombus impatiens Cresson. Its distribution in tissues, as quantified using real-time RT-PCR, indicated that AccSNMP1 is highly expressed in the antennae and legs of A. cerana cerana, and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in gene expression between those tissues and tissues in the thorax, abdomen, snout, and head (not including antennae). Western blotting also confirmed the existence in the antennae of AccSNMP1 with an M _W of 58.0 kDa, which is the same as the expected value of 58.02 kDa. An immunohistochemistry study showed that AccSNMP1 is expressed in the trichoid sensilla of A. cerana cerana antenna. Therefore, the results of this study provide the basis for further studies of the function of SNMP from A. cerana cerana.     

中华蜜蜂Orco嗅觉受体基因的克隆、表达及亚细胞定位

【目的】克隆鉴定中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana的Orco嗅觉受体基因, 并对其在工蜂触角上进行免疫荧光定位。【方法】利用RT-PCR技术克隆中华蜜蜂Orco基因, 并对其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析, 使用Real-time PCR技术鉴定其在中华蜜蜂不同发育时期及不同组织的表达谱; 利用免疫荧光定位技术在中华蜜蜂工蜂触角中对Orco进行亚细胞定位。【结果】获得中华蜜蜂Orco基因的全长cDNA序列, 命名为AcerOrco (GenBank登录号： JF968610.1), 其全长为1 434 bp, 编码477个氨基酸, 预测其含7个跨膜结构以及4个位于细胞膜外的亲水区。表达谱分析显示, AcerOrco在卵、 幼虫和蛹期呈低丰度表达, 1日龄及内勤蜂时期主要在触角和足中表达, 且在1日龄的触角中表达量最高; 采集蜂时期的触角、 头(去除触角)、 胸、 腹和翅中均有较高丰度的表达。亚细胞定位结果显示, AcerOrco不仅在采集蜂触角鞭节上大量表达（尤其在触角鞭节第1亚节中表达量较高）, 而且常成对出现, 并且发现AcerOrco可能主要在触角毛形感器的外部神经元(outer dendrite, OD)以及板形感器的树突神经元中表达。【结论】成功克隆了AcerOrco基因全长, 获得了其表达谱, 且将其定位于工蜂采集蜂的触角感器神经元上, 最终推测AcerOrco与中蜂嗅觉发育和触角感器功能密切相关。     

Cloning and expression studies on glutathione S-transferase like-gene in honey bee for its role in oxidative stress

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute an important multifunctional enzyme family that plays vital roles in cellular detoxification and protecting organisms against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we isolated a GST-like gene from Apis cerana cerana (AccGSTL) and investigated its antioxidant functions under stress conditions. We found that AccGSTL belongs to the Sigma class of GSTs. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses showed that the mRNA and protein levels of AccGSTL were altered in response to oxidative stress caused by various external stimuli. In addition, a heterologous expression analysis showed that AccGSTL overexpression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. After AccGSTL silencing with RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the expression of some antioxidant genes was inhibited, and the enzymatic activities of POD, CAT, and SOD were decreased. In conclusion, these data suggest that AccGSTL may be involved in antioxidant defense under adverse conditions in A. cerana cerana.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12192-022-01255-3.     

中华蜜蜂精巢和卵巢差异表达基因分析

[目的]在蜂群中,雄蜂与蜂王都有着发育完全的性腺,但两者达到性成熟的时间却是不同步的.本研究旨在探究中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana雄蜂与蜂王生殖腺的基因表达差异.[方法]利用Illumina测序技术对中华蜜蜂雄蜂精巢与蜂王卵巢转录组差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes...     

Molecular cloning and oxidative stress response of a sigma-class glutathione S-transferase of the bumblebee Bombus ignitus

Glutathione S-transferases (EC 2.5.1.18; GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that are mainly involved in xenobiotic metabolism and protection against oxidative damage. Most studies of GSTs in insects have been focused on their role in detoxifying exogenous compounds in particular insecticides. Here, we show the expression profiles of GSTs of the bumblebee Bombus ignitus in response to oxidative stress. We identified a sigma-class GST from B. ignitus (BiGSTS). The BiGSTS gene consists of 4 exons that encode 201 amino acids. Comparative analysis indicates that the predicted amino acid sequence of BiGSTS shares a high identity with the sigma-class GSTs of hymenopteran insects such as Apis mellifera (70% protein sequence identity) and Solenopsis invicta (59% protein sequence identity). Tissue distribution analyses showed the presence of BiGSTS in all tissues examined, including the fat body, midgut, muscle and epidermis. The oxidative stress responses analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR showed that under H(2)O(2) overload, BiGSTS and BiGSTD (identified in our previous study) were upregulated in all tissues examined, including the fat body and midgut of B. ignitus worker bees. Under uniform conditions of H(2)O(2) overload, the expression profile of GSTs and other antioxidant enzyme genes, such as phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (Bi-PHGPx) and peroxiredoxins (BiPrx1 and BiTPx1), showed that other antioxidant enzyme genes are acutely induced at 3h after H(2)O(2) exposure, whereas BiGSTS and BiGSTD are highly induced at 9h after H(2)O(2) exposure in the fat body of B. ignitus worker bees. These findings indicate that GSTs and other antioxidant enzyme genes in B. ignitus are differentially expressed in response to oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings indicate that BiGSTS and BiGSTD are oxidative stress-inducible antioxidant enzymes that may play a role in oxidative stress response.     

中华蜜蜂工蜂cDNA文库的构建及ESTs测序分析

【目的】为了解中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana工蜂的抗逆性,构建了中华蜜蜂工蜂的cDNA文库,并对文库质量进行分析。【方法】本研究利用SMART技术构建了中华蜜蜂工蜂的全长cDNA文库。【结果】文库库容为3.6×106 cfu/m L,文库重组率为97%,插入片段长度多数分布在1 000 bp左右。挑取cDNA克隆进行EST测序,共进行了306个成功反应,软件拼接共得到234个单基因簇(Unigene),其中包括207个单拷贝(Singletons)序列及27个重叠群(Contigs)。使用Blastx将这些序列同Gen Bank等数据库进行查询、比对和注释,结果显示141条序列有相关同源性,其他序列没有明显的同源性,这也为我们发现新功能基因提供了可靠依据。【结论】此文库的构建在中华蜜蜂功能基因的分离、克隆、筛选以及基因功能研究等方面具有重要作用。     

中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽基因的cDNA克隆和表达

从中华蜜蜂 (Apisceranacerana)工蜂毒腺中快速抽提总RNA ,用RT PCR扩增得到大小约为2 5 0bp的cDNA片段 ,测序得到的片段长度为 2 34bp ,为蜂毒前镇静肽原 (preprosecapin)基因编码区的cDNA .以 3′RACE方法 ,扩增和测定了 3′端非编码区 2 19bp序列 .中蜂前镇静肽原cDNA序列与已报道的欧洲意蜂该基因cDNA序列具有 92 %同源性 ,氨基酸序列具有 87%同源性 .代表成熟肽镇静肽的最后 2 5个氨基酸序列 ,中蜂与意蜂同源性为 88% .3′端非编码区cDNA序列与欧洲意蜂序列有 73 1%同源性 .将中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽成熟肽编码区与 3′非编码区部分克隆 ,构建了镇静肽与谷胱甘肽转移酶融合表达的载体pGEX AcSecapin .将载体转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)进行融合表达 .表达产物与抗GST抗体在 2 9kD处有很强的交叉反应 .大肠杆菌超声破碎后的上清液用SDS PAGE检测到表达的蛋白多为可溶性融合蛋白 ,通过亲和层析柱纯化和凝血酶的切割得到了镇静肽蛋白     

中华蜜蜂mab-21基因序列分析及表达特征

【目的】探究中华蜜蜂 Apis cerana cerana Male abnomal 21（mab-21）基因在不同发育阶段的表达特性及染螨条件下mab-21基因表达变化规律。【方法】本研究利用RT-PCR方法,克隆了中华蜜蜂mab-21的基因编码区;采用荧光定量PCR方法检测了中华蜜蜂mab-21在不同发育时期（新出房蜂、哺育蜂、守卫蜂及采集蜂）工蜂头部中mRNA的表达量以及接种大蜂螨 Varroa destructor 前后mab-21基因的表达变化。【结果】克隆获得中华蜜蜂mab-21 cDNA,命名为 Accmab 21（GenBank登录号KR000001）。序列分析显示, 该编码区开放阅读框长为1 098 bp,编码365个氨基酸,推测的编码蛋白的相对分子量和等电点分别为41.63 kD和8.53。系统发育分析表明中华蜜蜂mab-21与西方蜜蜂 Apis mellifera mab-21、小蜜蜂Apis florea mab-21和熊蜂Bombus impatiens mab-21聚成一支。该基因在中华蜜蜂工蜂的不同发育时期均有表达,其中哺育蜂阶段显著高于新出房蜂、守卫蜂和采集蜂(P<0.05)。接种大蜂螨后,哺育蜂和守卫蜂中mab-21基因的表达下降显著(P<0.05);而在新出房蜂和采集蜂中表达量变化不显著。【结论】该基因可能与中华蜜蜂抗螨行为相关。     

中华蜜蜂ZFP37基因的生物信息学分析及高温下表达特性的研究

锌指蛋白(Zinc finger proteins, ZFPs)是一类在真核生物体内广泛分布的蛋白质。锌指蛋白作为一类转录因子,它能够调控基因的表达和细胞的分化,最近的研究显示其在动植物抗逆方面也发挥着重要作用。本研究对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana ZFP37的蛋白结构进行了预测分析,并通过qRT-PCR分析了中华蜜蜂在遭受高温胁迫时ZFP37的表达情况,进一步了解锌指蛋白在中华蜜蜂应对热胁迫过程中的作用。结果显示,中华蜜蜂ZFP37可编码123个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为13.7 kDa,无跨膜结构。氨基酸同源序列比对结果表明,中华蜜蜂ZFP37序列与蜜蜂科昆虫的相似性最高,与其他膜翅目昆虫的相似性存在差异。基因的表达模式显示,ZFP37在高温下表达升高,此外,胁迫时间的增加也可导致ZFP37表达的升高。这些结果表明ZFP37对于中华蜜蜂应对热应激有重要的生物学意义。     

中华蜜蜂蕈形体的发育

中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)的脑由前脑、中脑和后脑三部分构成,蕈形体位于前脑的背侧,是其重要的学习及其他复杂行为的整合中心。通过对中华蜜蜂工蜂的幼虫、蛹及成虫的蕈形体形态发育的观察研究,发现中华蜜蜂的蕈形体包含约1000个成神经细胞,它们最终形成了蕈形体的所有Kenyon细胞。这些成神经细胞来自于在新孵化的幼虫脑中已存在的四丛成神经细胞,每一丛细胞的数量不多于45个。蕈形体柄区的出现约在3龄幼虫,而α叶和β叶在5龄幼虫已可明显辨认。冠区出现较晚,大约在蛹期的第二天以后。由于社会性昆虫复杂的学习、记忆和认知需求,其蕈形体的体积和复杂程度都优于其他昆虫。     

中华蜜蜂气味受体基因AcOr170的克隆与序列分析

本研究采用自行设计的引物对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana雄蜂触角中气味受体基因(Odorant receptors 170)Ac Or170的c DNA序列进行了克隆和序列分析,以探寻中华蜜蜂雄蜂气味受体Ac Or170基因在近缘种昆虫间的进化差异。结果表明:中华蜜蜂雄蜂气味受体基因Ac Or170的c DNA序列总长度为1356 bp,编码区序列长度为1188 bp,共编码396个氨基酸,其分子量为46.272 k Da,等电点8.96,Genbank登录号:KX264359。结构域的分析结果显示,该蛋白具有7tm-6一个保守结构域。经序列比对后发现,Or170的序列在中华蜜蜂、西方蜜蜂和大蜜蜂间的亲缘性很近。     

雌性中华蜜蜂胚胎发育组织形态观察

【目的】探索雌性中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana胚胎组织发育过程。【方法】在正常蜂群中,用蜂王产卵控制器将蜂王限制在工蜂巢房的巢脾上产卵1 h,蜂王在工蜂巢房中产下的卵是受精的雌性卵,将有卵的巢脾割下放入恒温恒湿箱中培养。恒温恒湿箱中样本所在的位置温度严格控制在35±0.2℃,相对湿度75%±5%。把限王产卵1 h内获得的蜜蜂卵作为0 h胚胎,每隔4 h取样一次。采用石蜡切片技术,对二倍体雌性中华蜜蜂胚胎发育过程进行观察。【结果】根据胚胎发育过程中的形态特征,雌性中华蜜蜂胚胎发育过程划分为4个阶段:(1)卵裂期(0-12 h),活质体迁移到卵的表面,呈双层排列;(2)胚盘形成期(12-28 h),活质体排列为单层,并形成细胞膜;(3)胚层形成期(28-40 h),侧板覆盖中板,两者在腹中线愈合;(4)胚胎器官系统形成期(40-68 h)。【结论】本研究明确了雌性中华蜜蜂胚胎发育过程的形态变化,进行了阶段划分并明确了各发育阶段的形态特征及对应的发育时间。本项研究结果有助于开展与蜜蜂胚胎发育的相关蜜蜂生态学、发育生物学、营养学等课题深入研究。