氧化胁迫对粉红螺旋聚孢霉生长和产厚垣孢子的影响

通过改变液体发酵通气量和添加不同种类活性氧(O2-,H_2O_2,OH·),研究氧化胁迫对粉红螺旋聚孢霉67-1菌丝生长和产厚垣孢子的影响。结果表明,氧化胁迫对真菌菌丝和孢子的影响不同。低氧胁迫下,67-1菌丝生长状态发生改变,培养液装量越多,菌丝分枝越少,并且厚垣孢子产量越低。发酵过程中添加一定量的活性氧可以调控粉红螺旋聚孢霉厚垣孢子的形成。接种前添加5-6 mmol/L H_2O_2,菌株产厚垣孢子水平显著提高,浓度达到9 mmol/L时,67-1生长和产孢完全受到抑制。培养16 h后添加,67-1对H_2O_2的耐受力增强。培养基中添加甲萘醌能够抑制厚垣孢子的形成,培养16 h后添加350μmol/L甲萘醌则可以提高67-1厚垣孢子的产量。在Fe2+-H_2O_2体系中,不同添加时间高氧胁迫均能够显著促进厚垣孢子的生成(P0.05)。     

猪肚菇担孢子交配型的分析

以3个不同的猪肚菇菌株为材料,采用三轮杂交系统研究了其担孢子的交配型。显微镜观察表明,1个担子上着生有4个担孢子。交配型测定结果表明,猪肚菇属四极性异宗结合。χ2测验结果显示,2个菌株的4种交配型孢子单核体的比例符合1:1:1:1的分离规律,1个菌株的担孢子交配型不呈预期的分离比。     

新几内亚鹿角蕨的孢子不完全组织培养

植物名称:新几内亚鹿角蕨(拟)(Platyceriumwandae)。材料类别:孢子。培养条件:孢子萌发及原叶体发育培养基为1/2MS(大量元素减半):原叶体增殖培养基为1/2MS KT2mg/L,蔗糖浓度为2％,pH5.8,培养温度25℃左右,每天光照16h,光照度2000lx。生长与分化情况:孢子引自德国Aachen高级技术学植物园。接种时,将孢子置于指形管中,用0.1％升汞表面消毒,过滤,无菌水冲洗4～5次,用接种针挑孢子于培养基上,滴无菌水使孢子分布均     

里白的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 里白[Hicriopteris glauca（Thunb.）Ching]。 2材料类别 成熟孢子。 3培养条件孢子萌发培养基：（1）1/2MS;配子体（原叶体）增殖培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA0.5mg·L-1（单位不同）     

更正

铁线蕨(Adiantumraddianum)成熟孢子孢子萌芽和原叶体发育培养基:(1)1/2MS+6-BA0.3mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)1/2MS+6-BA2+NAA0.2。孢子体形成和增殖培养基:(3)3/4MS+6-BA0.5+NAA0.2。生根培养基:(4)1/2M S+IBA1+C0.1。上述培养基均加3%白砂糖、0.5%卡拉胶,pH5.8。培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间8￣10h·d-1,光照度约3000lx。取带成熟孢子的铁线蕨叶片,用自来水加少量洗衣粉冲洗干净。然后在超净台上,先用70%酒精浸泡10s,无菌水冲洗3次,再用2%次氯酸钠浸泡15m i n,无菌水冲洗5次。消毒后,刮取孢子或将整片带孢子的叶片直接放入培养基(…     

黄瓦韦的组织培养

1植物名称黄瓦韦(Lepisorus macrosphaerus var.asterolepis),也称大瓦韦。2材料类别带孢子的叶片。3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。(1)孢子萌发培养基:1/2MS 3g·L-1活性炭;(2)诱导绿色小球培养基:MS 6-BA0.1~     

高温对大白菜小孢子培养的影响

应用 FDA和 DAPI荧光显微术观察了高温处理对大白菜 Brassica campestris spp.pekinensis L our. Olsson 小孢子培养的影响 .在 2 5℃恒温培养条件下 ,小孢子的成活率迅速下降 ,至第 7天基本无幸存小孢子 ;小孢子膨胀后呈椭圆形 ,核第一次分裂多为不对称型 ;小孢子丧失胚胎发生能力 .相反 ,在培养开始时 ,先用 33℃高温处理 2 4 h,然后转入 2 5℃培养 ,小孢子成活率虽在第 1天急剧下降 ,但随后仍保持一定水平 ;膨胀的小孢子多呈圆球形 ,小孢子核第一次分裂出现对称型 ,频率可达 4 0 %左右 ;小孢子可进行几种方式的细胞分裂 ,以类似于胚胎细胞的对称分裂方式为主 占总分裂数的 5 5 % ;小孢子经多次分裂可形成紧密的多细胞团 ,最终形成胚状体 .若以高温诱导的小孢子分裂频率为评价指标 ,小孢子接受高温处理的敏感期位于开始培养的 1 2 h内 ,但以胚胎发生频率为指标 ,敏感期位于开始培养的2 4 h内     

皱叶山苏的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称皱叶山苏(Asplenium antiquum Makinocv‘.Victoria’)。2材料类别孢子。3培养条件孢子萌发及原叶体形成的培养基:(1)1/2MS。丛芽分化及增殖培养基:(2)1/2MS;(3)1/2MS 6-BA0.5mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA0.1;(4)1/2MS 6-BA1.0 NAA0.1     

对马耳蕨的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称对马耳蕨[Polystichum tsus-simense（Hook.）J.Smith],又称小叶金鸡尾巴草。 2材料类别成熟孢子。3培养条件孢子萌发培养基：（1）MS;（2）1/2MS;（3）1/4MS。原叶体继代增殖培养基：（4）MS＋6-BA     

环境因子对蕨类植物孢子萌发的影响

蕨类植物通过孢子萌发形成独立生活的配子体,配子体能够形成精子器和颈卵器,进而通过受精作用形成新的孢子体。孢子萌发是蕨类植物生活史过程中配子体世代向孢子体世代转变的关键步骤。同时,此过程不仅受到多种环境因子的影响,也是研究细胞核极性移动、细胞不对称分裂、假根极性生长等独特的细胞学事件的良好模型。迄今为止,人们已经研究发现多种环境因子对约200余种蕨类植物孢子萌发有影响。总结了环境因子对蕨类植物孢子萌发影响的规律如下:(1)孢子萌发除了受到光照强度影响外,主要受光质的影响,光质的影响主要表现为4种方式:①孢子萌发受红光刺激与远红光抑制像开关一样调控;②孢子萌发不受远红光抑制;③孢子萌发受蓝光抑制;④孢子只能在黑暗条件下萌发。(2)重力作用会影响孢子细胞核移动,进而影响孢子细胞发育的极性。(3)赤霉素(GA)能增加孢子萌发率或帮助孢子打破休眠。成精子囊素与GA作用相似,启动或促进孢子萌发。而脱落酸(ABA)、茉莉酸(JA)和乙烯等其它激素对孢子萌发的影响相对较小。(4)不同植物孢子有着各自最适的萌发培养基条件,如不同种类孢子对MS培养基中无机盐含量、蔗糖含量、pH值的要求不同。孢子外被中的Ca2+、Mn2+和Mg2+,培养基中的Cd2+和La3+,以及孢子接种密度、萌发空间CO2含量也会对孢子萌发造成影响。(5)多数蕨类植物孢子在15-30℃可以萌发,最适萌发温度为25℃。(6)4℃和液氮储藏可以延长孢子寿命并保持较高萌发率。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism