IDH1 Associated with Neuronal Apoptosis in Adult Rats Brain Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), one member of the IDH family can convert isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) via oxidative decarboxylation. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations have been identified in multiple tumor types and the mutations confer neomorphic activity in the mutant protein, resulting in the conversion of α-KG to the oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). The subsequent accumulation of 2-HG results in epigenetic dysregulation via inhibition of α-KG-dependent histone and DNA demethylase. And the glutamate levels are reduced in IDH mutant cells compared to wild-type. We have known that diffuse gliomas contain a high frequency of mutations in the IDH1 gene. However, the expression of IDH1 and its roles in Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remain largely unknown. We observed increased expression of IDH1 in neurons after intracerebral hemorrhage. Up-regulation of IDH1 was found to be accompanied by the increased expression of active caspase-3 and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma-2 in vivo and vitro studies. So we hypothesized that IDH1 was involved in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis. The present research for the first time detected the expression and variation of IDH1 surrounding the hematoma, and all data proved the involvement of IDH1 in neuronal apoptosis following ICH.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9及其组织抑制剂-1在大鼠肺组织中的增龄变化

目的研究基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）-2、-9及组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂（TIMPs）-1在大鼠肺组织中的增龄性变化规律。方法不同月龄（1月龄、3月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄）雄性清洁级（SD）大鼠47只分为5组,按月龄取实验大鼠的右下叶肺组织,用流式细胞术检测MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达水平,进行定量分析。结果 MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1均随着月龄的增长呈先降后升波谷型曲线变化;3月龄、12月龄和18月龄MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1均较1月龄明显下降,且以12月龄为最低值;24月龄MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1均较1月龄上升。MMP-2/TIMP-1比值和MMP-9/TIMP-1比值均随着月龄的增长呈先升后降波峰型曲线变化;12月龄和18月龄均较1月龄明显升高,且以18月龄为最高点;3月龄的MMP-2/TIMP-1较1月龄有所上升,3月龄的MMP-9/TIMP-1与1月龄持平;24月龄的MMP-2/TIMP-1和MMP-9/TIMP-1较1月龄也有不同程度上升。结论大鼠肺组织中MMPs及其抑制剂TIMPs随月龄的增长,呈特征性变化规律。     

高血压脑出血大鼠脑组织TLR4、AQP-4、NO表达的变化及与脑水肿的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨高血压脑出血（HICH）大鼠脑组织中Toll样受体4（TLR4）、水通道蛋白-4（AQP-4）、一氧化氮（NO）表达变化情况及与脑水肿的关系。方法：选取48只SHR大鼠,随机分为假手术组、HICH 12 h组、HICH 24 h组、HICH 48 h组、HICH 72 h组、HICH 7 d组,采用细菌胶原酶0.4 U配成2 μL,立体定向下注射至大鼠脑右侧尾状核建立HICH大鼠模型,假手术组注入等量生理盐水。观察相应时间点大鼠脑组织TLR4、AQP-4、NO表达变化情况及脑组织含水量变化情况,Pearson检验分析HICH大鼠脑组织含水量与脑组织中TLR4、AQP-4、NO表达情况的相关性。结果：各时间点HICH大鼠TLR4表达水平较假手术组均明显升高,其他时间点HICH大鼠TLR4表达水平较HICH 12 h组均明显升高（P＜0.05）;各时间点HICH大鼠AQP-4表达水平均较假手术组明显升高（P＜0.05）;各时间点HICH大鼠NO表达水平较假手术组均明显降低（P＜0.05）。各时间点HICH大鼠脑组织含水量均较假手术组明显升高（P＜0.05）,且各组大鼠脑组织含水量呈升高后降低趋势（P＜0.05）。Pearson检验结果显示HICH大鼠脑组织含水量与TLR4、AQP-4表达水平均呈正相关,与NO表达水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：HICH大鼠脑组织TLR4、AQP-4、NO的动态变化与脑组织含水量具有相关性,提示三者参与了脑水肿的形成与消退,为后续临床针对HICH的诊疗方案制定提供新思路和方向,具备一定参考价值。     

Exendin-4 对糖尿病脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中MMP-9 表达的影响

目的:通过观察Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑梗死体积百分比及脑组织中金属基质蛋白酶-9及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1的变化,探讨Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用机制。方法:选用SD大鼠,给予链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型后,随机分为A组:糖尿病对照组(n=6);B组:模型组(n=6);C组:Exendin-4低剂量组(n=6);D组:Exendin-4中剂量组(n=6);E组:Exendin-4高剂量组(n=6)。常规喂养6周后,A组给予假手术处理,B、C、D及E组采用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血90 min再灌注模型,24 h后处死大鼠取脑组织,采用2,3,5一氯化三苯四唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色测算脑梗死体积百分比;同时分别采用Western Blot法及RT-PCR测量脑组织中的MMP-9及TIMP-1表达量。结果:脑缺血再灌注能致脑组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1表达量增高,各组与A组比较,有显著差异(P<0.05);给予Exendin-4处理后脑组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1表达增高程度及脑梗死体积百分比明显降低,与B组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达有关。     

脑出血大鼠血肿周围脑组织含水量与MMP-9、IL-6及TIMP-1表达水平的相关性研究

目的:研究脑出血(ICH)大鼠血肿周围脑组织含水量与基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)表达水平的相关性。方法:84只健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分成观察组、假手术组以及对照组,每组28只。另将观察组分成ICH后1d亚组9只,3d亚组9只,7d亚组10只。观察组大鼠实施ICH模型的制备,假手术组的大鼠仅给予空针穿刺,对照组不进行模型制备。检测并对比各组血肿周围的脑组织含水量与MMP-9、IL-6、TIMP-1水平,对比观察组内不同亚组(ICH后1d、3d、7d)血肿周围的脑组织含水量、MMP-9、IL-6和TIMP-1水平,并分析ICH大鼠血肿周围的脑组织含水量与MMP-9、IL-6、TIMP-1表达水平的相关性。结果:观察组血肿周围的脑组织含水量与MMP-9、IL-6、TIMP-1水平均分别高于假手术组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组内3d和7d亚组血肿周围的脑组织含水量与MMP-9、IL-6、TIMP-1水平均分别高于1d亚组,但7d亚组低于3d亚组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据Spearman相关性分析结果显示,ICH大鼠血肿周围的脑组织含水量与MMP-9、IL-6、TIMP-1表达水平均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:ICH大鼠的血肿周围脑组织含水量与MMP-9、IL-6及TIMP-1表达水平均呈正相关,MMP-9、IL-6、TIMP-1在ICH后周围组织水肿的发生、发展中具有重要作用。     

Association of MMP-9 Haplotypes and TIMP-1 Polymorphism with Spontaneous Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Taiwan Population

BackgroundSpontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage (SDICH) is a devastating stroke subtype. The causes of SDICH are heterogeneous. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, Gelantinase B) has been shown to relate to stroke and the development of aneurysm and may increase risks of intracerebral hemorrhage. MMP activities are modulated by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We analyzed the genetic variants of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and SDICH susceptibility.MethodsAssociations were tested by logistic regression or general linear models with adjusting for multiple covariables. Multiplicative terms between genes were applied to detect the interaction effects on SDICH. Permutation testing of 1,000 replicates was performed for empirical estimates.ResultsIn the group of ≥65 years old (y/o), we found associations of SDICH with rs3787268 (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27 to 0.86, P = 0.01) and haplotype1 (Hap1) (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.86, P = 0.014). For TIMP1 gene, rs4898 was associated with SDICH in the elder male group (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.81, P = 0.015). In contrast, in the younger male group, there were associations of SDICH with rs2250889 (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.84, P = 0.01) and Hap3 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.97, P = 0.04). We found significant genetic interaction between TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in SDICH susceptibility among younger male subjects (P = 0.004). In subjects carrying rs4898 minor allele, carriers with Hap3 had lower SDICH risk than non-carriers (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.51, P = 0.001). In addition, this study showed that when young males were exposed to alcohol, Hap3 was a protective factor of SDICH (OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27, P = 0.0002). In contrast, when they were exposed to smoke, Hap2 carriers had increased risk of SDICH (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.73, P = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study showed modest to moderate effects of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 polymorphisms on SDICH risks with significant age differences. MMP-9 may interact with alcohol to play a role in the SDICH risk in young men.     

EMMPRIN Promotes the Expression of MMP-9 and Exacerbates Neurological Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Neurochemical Research - Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) has been shown to be a vital inflammatory mediator in several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. However,...     

基质金属蛋白酶-9 与脑出血的关系

基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一族锌离子依赖性内肽酶,具有降解细胞外基质的作用,而后者是构成血管基底膜的主要成分。MMPs参与了伤口愈合、动脉硬化发生、肿瘤细胞扩散等过程。MMP-9是MMPs中的重要成员,与脑血管病关系密切,在脑出血的发生、发展过程中起到了重要的作用。因此,监测MMP-9表达水平的变化可能对脑出血的发生、发展及预后产生重要影响;而降低MMP-9表达水平,则可能成为治疗脑出血的新途径。     

骨髓间质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脑出血模型的实验研究

目的：研究大鼠骨髓间质干细胞（Mscs）移植治疗脑出血的可行性。方法：分离MSCs后,连续传代培养、扩增,Brdu标记的MSCs通过颈动脉、侧脑室2种途径移植入脑出血大鼠模型体内,采用爬行计分法评估神经功能的恢复程度,并观察脑部Brdu阳性细胞的分布。结果：通过侧脑室、颈动脉移植后大鼠神经功能改善,明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）;经颈动脉注射组较经侧脑室注射组爬杆实验评分低（P〈0．05）。移植的MSCs主要迁移到出血灶、大脑皮层、海马区等处。结论：MSCs移植对脑出血具有保护作用,而经颈动脉给药疗效优于经侧脑室给药。     

Ghrelin治疗脑出血大鼠脑水肿及MMP-9表达的影响

目的:研究Ghrelin对大鼠脑出血后脑水肿及脑组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响。方法:选取雄性SD大鼠80只,随机分为对照组(NC组)20只、假手术组(SHAM组)20只、脑出血组(ICH组)20只、Ghrelin治疗组(Ghrelin组)20只。利用自体动脉血注入法建立大鼠脑出血模型;Ghrelin组于建立脑出血模型后经股静脉注射Ghrelin 10 nmol/Kg·d。分别于12 h、24 h、3d、5 d、7 d时间点根据Berderson评分法评估各组大鼠神经系统功能;利用干湿重法测定各组大鼠脑组织含水量;利用蛋白质免疫印迹法(WB)检测脑组织中MMP-9表达情况。结果:在12 h、24 h、3 d、5 d、7 d,ICH组、Ghrelin组大鼠Berderson评分及脑组织含水量高于NC组、SHAM组(P0.05);在5 d、7 d,ICH组大鼠Berderson评分及脑组织含水量高于Ghrelin组(P0.05)。WB结果表明在12 h、24 h、3 d、5 d、7 d,ICH组大鼠脑组织中MMP-9的表达均高于NC组、SHAM组(P0.05);Ghrelin组MMP-9的表达在12 h、24 h、3 d高于NC组、SHAM组(P0.05),在5 d、7 d,与NC组、SHAM组无明显差异(P0.05);在5 d、7 d,ICH组MMP-9表达高于Ghrelin组(P0.05)。结论:在本研究中,Ghrelin可以在5 d后降低脑出血大鼠脑组织中MMP-9的表达程度,从而减轻脑水肿,改善脑出血大鼠神经功能。     

骨髓间质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脑出血模型的实验研究

目的:研究大鼠骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)移植治疗脑出血的可行性。方法:分离MSCs后,连续传代培养、扩增,Brdu标记的MSCs通过颈动脉、侧脑室2种途径移植入脑出血大鼠模型体内,采用爬行计分法评估神经功能的恢复程度,并观察脑部Brdu阳性细胞的分布。结果:通过侧脑室、颈动脉移植后大鼠神经功能改善,明显优于对照组(P<0.05);经颈动脉注射组较经侧脑室注射组爬杆实验评分低(P<0.05)。移植的MSCs主要迁移到出血灶、大脑皮层、海马区等处。结论:MSCs移植对脑出血具有保护作用,而经颈动脉给药疗效优于经侧脑室给药。     

miR-126调控脑缺血大鼠细胞凋亡机制的研究

摘要 目的：探讨脑缺血大鼠microRNA-126（MiR-126）在脑组织和血浆中表达的动态变化及与细胞凋亡的关系。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠45只随机分为3组,其中3只大鼠不作任何处理,用于检测正常大鼠中MiR-126在脑组织和血浆的表达,剩余大鼠随机分为假手术组和模型组,模型组用线栓法造脑缺血大鼠模型。TTC法检测模型组大鼠脑组织梗死病变用以确定造模是否成功;RT-qPCR检测大鼠造模后1、3、6、9、12、24和48小时脑组织和血浆中MiR-126的动态表达变化;采用苏木精-伊红染色法检测脑组织形态学变化;采用Western blot 方法分析相关凋亡蛋白表达的变化。结果：TTC法和H-E染色结果表明,大鼠脑缺血造模成功,模型组大鼠出现脑组织大面积梗死病变;MiR-126和Caspase-3表达在模型组大鼠脑组织和血浆中随着脑缺血时间的延长其表达水平逐渐提高,24 h到达高峰后,在48 h Mi-R126表达强度又降低,但仍然高于假手术组大鼠水平;Caspase-3在正常对照组和假手术组表达量都较少（P>0.05）,其他凋亡蛋白Bax和 STAT3相对表达水平趋势同 Caspase-3相似;而Bcl-2表达水平明显降低,趋势与其他凋亡蛋白相反。结论：MiR-126在脑缺血大鼠脑组织和血浆中表达水平明显升高,而且细胞凋亡明显增加,因此MiR-126可能通过促进细胞凋亡对脑缺血大鼠有保护作用,此研究为脑缺血发病机制和诊断提供更多依据。     

Gabapentin Alleviates Brain Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis

Neurochemical Research - Neuroinflammation plays an important role in brain tissue injury during intracerebral hemorrhage. Gabapentin can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through inhibiting...     

高血压脑出血后血浆脂联素浓度变化及其与C- 反应蛋白相关性的研究*

目的:探讨高血压脑出血后血浆脂联素(APN)浓度变化及其与C-反应蛋白水平的相关性.方法:高血压脑出血病例82例列入研究组,健康者80例列入对照组,所有受试者均于发病6小时内抽血检测APN和C-反应蛋白(CRP).结果:研究组患者血清APN水平明显低于对照组,CRP水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着高血压等级的升高,研究组患者APN值逐渐下降,CRP水平逐渐上升,但APN与CRP值的变化无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:高血压脑出血后患者血浆脂联素浓度变化与CRP具有负相关性.     

Changes in Plasma and Tissue Free Amino Acids of Rats Fed Excess Glycine Diets

In order to discover more potent pyrethrum synergists, dihydrodillapiole and furapiole, two dillapiole-based compounds having considerable synergistic activity, were converted into various acyl and ?,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. The synthesis, factor of synergism, spectroscopic data and structure activity relationships of these derivatives are reported.     

Effects of High-Pressure Oxygen Therapy on Brain Tissue Water Content and AQP4 Expression in Rabbits with Cerebral Hemorrhage

To investigate the effects of different atmosphere absolutes (ATA) of high-pressure oxygen (HPO) on brain tissue water content and Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression in rabbits with cerebral hemorrhage. 180 New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into normal group (n = 30), control group (n = 30) and cerebral hemorrhage group (n = 120), and cerebral hemorrhage group was divided into group A, B, C and D with 30 rabbits in each group. The groups received 1.0, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 ATA of HPO treatments, respectively. Ten rabbits in each group were killed at first, third and fifth day to detect the brain tissue water content and change of AQP4 expression. In cerebral hemorrhage group, brain tissue water content and AQP4 expression after model establishment were first increased, then decreased and reached the maximum on third day (p < 0.05). Brain tissue water content and AQP4 expression in control group and cerebral hemorrhage group were significantly higher than normal group at different time points (p < 0.05). In contrast, brain tissue water content and AQP4 expression in group C were significantly lower than in group A, group B, group D and control group (p < 0.05). In control group, AQP4-positive cells significantly increased after model establishment, which reached maximum on third day, and positive cells in group C were significantly less than in group A, group B and group D. We also found that AQP4 expression were positively correlated with brain tissue water content (r = 0.719, p < 0.05) demonstrated by significantly increased AQP4 expression along with increased brain tissue water content. In conclusion, HPO can decrease AQP4 expression in brain tissue of rabbits with cerebral hemorrhage to suppress the progression of brain edema and promote repairing of injured tissue. 2.0 ATA HPO exerts best effects, which provides an experimental basis for ATA selection of HPO in treating cerebral hemorrhage.     

铁离子在脑出血后继发性脑损害中的作用

脑出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)是一种高致残率和高死亡率的急症.研究表明凝血酶的形成,红血球的溶解以及铁离子的毒性在脑出血的病程中都起作用,尤其是铁离子在其后的继发性脑损害中扮演重要角色.铁离子在血肿处的高浓度促使了急性脑水肿的形成,以及迟发性脑萎缩的发生,而铁螯合荆能够减轻其损伤.本文就脑出血后有关铁离子的脑损伤机制进行综述.     

吡拉西坦联合甘露醇对老年脑出血后脑水肿的疗效比较

目的:观察吡拉西坦联合甘露醇对老年脑出血后脑水肿患者颅内压、脑水肿体积、脑血肿体积及认知功能的影响。方法:104例脑出血后脑水肿老年患者随机分为观察组(54例)和对照组(50例)。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予20%甘露醇注射液,观察组在对照组的基础上给予吡拉西坦注射液。治疗7天,观察两组颅内压、脑水肿体积、脑血肿体积及认知功能(分别采用MMSE、Mo CA评估)的变化。结果:治疗后,两组颅内压、脑水肿体积、脑血肿体积均明显下降而MMSE、Mo CA明显上升,且观察组各指标变化幅度均大于对照组,治疗后同期比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:吡拉西坦联合甘露醇治疗老年脑出血后脑水肿,控制颅内压、改善脑水肿与脑血肿,作用优于单用甘露醇,能更大程度保护认知功能。     

慢性阻塞性肺病大鼠模型的肺功能及肺组织病理学变化评估

目的:探讨被动吸烟的时间长短与慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)大鼠模型的肺功能及肺组织病理学的变化之间的关系.方法:采用被动吸烟法建立COPD大鼠模型,随机分为被动吸烟4周组、6周组、8周组和对照组,分别测定和评估不同时间段的各组大鼠模型的肺功能和气道肺组织的病理变化.结果:6周组及8周组大鼠模型的呼气峰流速(PEF)显著降低、气道内压上升坡度(IP-slope)显著增高,与对照组比较P＜0.01.以PEF值小于对照组的大鼠80%PEF值为存在气流受限的界线,则4周组、6周组、8周组出现气流受限的鼠分别为0只(0)、6只(75%)及8只(100%),6周组及8周组的大鼠气流受限发生率显著高于4周组(P＜0.01).8周组大鼠出现明显气道壁增厚、气道狭窄及显著肺气肿改变,其气道壁炎细胞浸润、杯状细胞化生、气道壁坏死糜烂、纤维结缔组织及平滑肌增生等评分均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),气道坏死糜烂、小气道阻塞发生率及气道平滑肌增生等指标显著高于6周组(P＜0.01).6周组中有6只大鼠出现气道狭窄及肺气肿改变,气道壁炎细胞浸润、杯状细胞化生、气道壁坏死糜烂、纤维结缔组织及平滑肌增生等评分均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).6周组及8周组大鼠PEF值与气道壁纤维组织和平滑肌增生呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);而4周组大鼠未出现典型肺气肿及气道狭窄.结论:COPD的形成与吸烟时间有关,在吸烟量相同条件下,吸烟时间越长,气道和肺组织病变越重,气流受限的发生率越高.     

尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血疗效观察

目的:尼莫地平治疗高血压性脑出血的临床疗效。方法:90例高血压脑出血患者随机分为实验组(45例)和对照组(45例),对照组仅采用常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗的基础上采用尼莫地平进行治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后的临床神经功能缺损评分、临床残疾评分以及血肿和水肿带体积改变。结果:实验组和对照组的治疗有效率为73.33%和42.22%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床神经功能缺损评分分别为(18.58±3.06)、(12.31±2.74)和(18.28±2.97)、(15.22±2.72),实验组和对照组治疗前、后临床残疾评分分别为(38.93±3.37)、(61.57±3.03)和(37.51±4.962)和(43.48±7.19),实验组和对照组治疗前、后的血肿体积分别为(17.23±5.48)cm3、(7.93±3.33)cm3和(17.60±5.46)cm3、(10.97±4.25)cm3,实验组和对照组治疗前、后的水肿带体积分别为(7.73±3.20)cm3、(4.21±1.60)cm3和(7.83±3.19)cm3和(5.67±1.82)cm3,所有患者治疗后各指标均优于治疗前,治疗后两组组间比较均有有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:尼莫地平能够明显的减少血肿体积和水肿带的体积,提高治疗的效果,减少脑出血患者发生神经功能缺损和残疾的可能。