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1.
Akosua Adom Agyeman Richard Ofori-Asenso 《Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials》2016,15(1):41
Background
Treatment options for drug-resistant tuberculosis are still limited. Linezolid has been recommended for treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, although uncertainties remain regarding its safety and tolerability in these circumstances.Objective
To systematically evaluate the existing evidence regarding the efficacy and tolerability of linezolid in the treatment of MDR or XDR tuberculosis.Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE followed by direct search of abstracts in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease to retrieve primary studies published between January 2000 and January 2016 assessing linezolid efficacy and safety in the treatment of drug-resistant TB. We evaluated the occurrence of outcomes including culture conversion, treatment success and incidence of adverse events such as myelosuppression and neuropathy.Results
Twenty-three (23) studies conducted in fourteen (14) countries and involving 507 patients were retrieved. Only 1 randomized controlled trial was identified and none of the identified studies involved participants from Africa. The pooled proportion for treatment success was 77.36 % (95 % CI = 71.38–82.83 %, I2 = 37.6 %) with culture conversion rate determined as 88.45 % (95 % CI = 83.82–92.38 %, I2 = 45.4 %). There was no strong evidence for both culture conversion (p = 0.0948) and treatment success (p = 0.0695) between linezolid daily doses ≤ 600 and > 600 mg. Only myelosuppression showed a strong statistical significance (p < 0.0001) between dose comparisons. The incidence of neuropathy and other adverse events leading to permanent discontinuation of linezolid also showed no significance upon dose comparisons (p = 0.3213, p = 0.9050 respectively).Conclusion
Available evidence presents Linezolid as a viable option in the treatment of MDR/XDR TB although patients ought to be monitored closely for the incidence of major adverse events such as myelosuppression and neuropathy. Additionally, highly powered randomized controlled trials including participants from endemic regions are urgently needed to better inform the magnitude and significance of Linezolid treatment effect in MDR and XDR TB patients.2.
Background
Complications of ostomy significantly affect the quality of life of ostomates. There is little evidence on the rate of long-term complications in ostomates, especially from the developing countries which include Sri Lanka. This study was aimed to describe the long-term complications of enteral ostomies and their contributory factors.Methods
A retrospective analysis was carried out on 192 patients who underwent ostomy creation over a period of 5 years. Data on type of complications, age, sex, type of ostomy, type of surgery and perioperative care by enteric stoma therapist were gathered. Associations were established using Chi square test and multiple logistic regression.Results
Out of 192 patients, only 146 patients presented regularly for follow up. The mean follow up duration was 28 months (range: 3–183). Around 34.2% developed surgical long-term complications related to the ostomy. Common complications were prolapse (n = 24, 16.4%), skin excoriation (n = 22, 15.1%) and parastomal hernia (n = 14, 9.6%). Overall complication rate was significantly less in loop ostomies (p < 0.05) and defunctioning ostomies (p < 0.05). Skin excoriation was significantly high in males (p < 0.05) and in ileostomies (p < 0.001). Parastomal hernia was commoner in end ostomies (p < 0.05). Perioperative care by enteric stoma therapist reduced the overall and specific complications (p < 0.001).Conclusion
The overall complication rate in our cohort of patients was 34.2%. The perioperative care of a stoma therapist may be very effective in preventing complications particularly in a setting with limited resources.3.
Seth D. Rhoades Aalim M. Weljie 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(12):183
Introduction
Both reverse-phase and HILIC chemistries are deployed for liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomics analyses, however HILIC methods lag behind reverse-phase methods in reproducibility and versatility. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis is additionally complicated by the physiochemical diversity of metabolites and array of tunable analytical parameters.Objective
Our aim was to rationally and efficiently design complementary HILIC-based polar metabolomics methods on multiple instruments using design of experiments (DoE).Methods
We iteratively tuned LC and MS conditions on ion-switching triple quadrupole (QqQ) and quadrupole-time-of-flight (qTOF) mass spectrometers through multiple rounds of a workflow we term Comprehensive optimization of LC–MS metabolomics methods using design of experiments (COLMeD). Multivariate statistical analysis guided our decision process in the method optimizations.Results
LC–MS/MS tuning for the QqQ method on serum metabolites yielded a median response increase of 161.5 % (p < 0.0001) over initial conditions with a 13.3 % increase in metabolite coverage. The COLMeD output was benchmarked against two widely used polar metabolomics methods, demonstrating total ion current increases of 105.8 and 57.3 %, with median metabolite response increases of 106.1 and 10.3 % (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05 respectively). For our optimized qTOF method, 22 solvent systems were compared on a standard mix of physiochemically diverse metabolites, followed by COLMeD optimization, yielding a median 29.8 % response increase (p < 0.0001) over initial conditions.Conclusions
The COLMeD process elucidated response tradeoffs, facilitating improved chromatography and MS response without compromising separation of isobars. COLMeD is efficient, requiring no more than 20 injections in a given DoE round, and flexible, capable of class-specific optimization as demonstrated through acylcarnitine optimization within the QqQ method.4.
Kim B. Pælestik Nichlas R. Jespersen Rebekka V. Jensen Jacob Johnsen Hans Erik Bøtker Steen B. Kristiansen 《Cardiovascular diabetology》2017,16(1):148
Background
Hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality rate in patients with diabetes. The underlying mechanisms may involve reduced myocardial tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion (IR) or reduced capacity for ischemic preconditioning (IPC). As IPC is associated with increased myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) during reperfusion, cardioprotection is linked to glucose metabolism possibly by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). We aimed to investigate the impact of hypoglycemia in hearts from animals with diabetes on myocardial IR tolerance, on the efficacy of IPC and whether modulations of MGU and O-GlcNAc levels are involved in the underlying mechanisms.Methods
In a Langendorff model using diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) and non-diabetic (fa/+) rats (n = 6–7 in each group) infarct size (IS) was evaluated after 40 min of global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion during hypoglycemia [(glucose) = 3 mmol/l] and normoglycemia [(glucose) = 11 mmol/l]. Myocardial glucose uptake and O-GlcNAc levels were evaluated during reperfusion. IPC was induced by 2 × 5 min of global ischemia prior to index ischemia.Results
IS increased in hearts from animals with (p < 0.01) and without (p < 0.01) diabetes during hypoglycemia compared to normoglycemia. IPC reduced IS during normoglycemia in both animals with (p < 0.01) and without (p < 0.01) diabetes. During hypoglycemia, however, IPC only reduced IS in hearts from animals with diabetes (p < 0.05). IPC increased MGU during reperfusion and O-GlcNAc levels in animals with diabetes during hypo- (MGU: p < 0.05, O-GlcNAc: p < 0.05) and normoglycemia (MGU: p < 0.01, O-GlcNAc: p < 0.05) and in animals without diabetes only during normoglycemia (MGU: p < 0.05, O-GlcNAc: p < 0.01).Conclusions
Hypoglycemia increases myocardial susceptibility to IR injury in hearts from animals with and without diabetes. In contrast to hearts from animals without diabetes, the hearts from animals with diabetes are amenable to cardioprotection during hypoglycemia. In parallel with IPC induced cardioprotection, MGU and O-GlcNAc levels increase suggesting that increased MGU and O-GlcNAc levels are involved in the mechanisms of IPC.5.
Background
In Uganda, geographical distribution of blood groups and Rhesus (D) factor varies across the country. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of these groups among voluntary blood donors in rural southwestern Uganda.Results
Twenty-three thousand five hundred four (23,504) blood donors were included in the study. The donors had a mean age of 21 years (SD ± 5.7) and were mainly male (73%). The distribution of ABO blood group was; blood group O (50.3%); blood group A (24.6%); blood group B (20.7%) and blood group AB (4.5%). The proportions of Rhesus (D) positive and Rhesus (D) negative were 98 and 2% respectively. The proportion of non-adult donors (<18 years) was significantly higher among the female than the male donors (p value <0.001). A significantly higher proportion of males than females were Rhesus (D) negative (p-value <0.001). No significant relationship was found between age and blood group distribution.Conclusion
The sequence of ABO distribution among the rural population in southwestern Uganda is; O > A > B > AB, with males as the predominant donors. The frequency of Rhesus (D) negative is very low in rural southwestern Ugandan and is mainly among males. The blood bank services in southwestern Uganda need to develop innovative strategies targeting female donors who are more likely to boost blood stocks in the region.6.
Hai-Ying Zhu Long Jin Qing Guo Zhao-Bo Luo Xiao-Chen Li Yu-Chen Zhang Xiao-Xu Xing Mei-Fu Xuan Guang-Lei Zhang Qi-Rong Luo Jun-Xia Wang Cheng-Du Cui Wen-Xue Li Zheng-Yun Cui Xi-Jun Yin Jin-Dan Kang 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(5):775-783
Objective
To investigate the effect of the small molecule, RepSox, on the expression of developmentally important genes and the pre-implantation development of rhesus monkey–pig interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos.Results
Rhesus monkey cells expressing the monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 which have a normal (42) chromosome complement, were used as donor cells to generate iSCNT embryos. RepSox increased the expression levels of the pluripotency-related genes, Oct4 and Nanog (p < 0.05), but not of Sox2 compared with untreated embryos at the 2–4-cell stage. Expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl2, and the pro-apoptotic gene Bax was also affected at the 2–4-cell stage. RepSox treatment also increased the immunostaining intensity of Oct4 at the blastocyst stage (p < 0.05). Although the blastocyst developmental rate was higher in the group treated with 25 µM RepSox for 24 h than in the untreated control group (2.4 vs. 1.2%, p > 0.05), this was not significant.Conclusion
RepSox can improve the developmental potential of rhesus monkey–pig iSCNT embryos by regulating the expression of pluripotency-related genes.7.
Karan S. Rana Chathyan Pararasa Islam Afzal David A. Nagel Eric J. Hill Clifford J. Bailey Helen R. Griffiths Ioannis Kyrou Harpal S. Randeva Srikanth Bellary James E. Brown 《Cardiovascular diabetology》2017,16(1):147
Background
Irisin is a hormone released mainly from skeletal muscle after exercise which increases adipose tissue energy expenditure. Adipocytes can also release irisin after exercise, acting as a local adipokine to induce white adipose tissue to take on a brown adipose tissue-like phenotype, suggesting that irisin and its receptor may represent a novel molecular target for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diabetes. Previous reports provide conflicting evidence regarding circulating irisin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods
This study investigated plasma irisin concentrations in 79 T2DM individuals, assessing potential associations with measures of segmental body composition, markers of endothelial dysfunction and peripheral blood mononuclear cell telomere length (TL).Results
Resting, overnight-fasted plasma irisin levels were significantly higher in this group of T2DM patients compared with levels we previously reported in healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). Moreover, plasma irisin displayed a positive correlation with body mass index (p = 0.04), body fat percentage (p = 0.03), HbA1c (p = 0.03) and soluble E-selectin (p < 0.001). A significant negative association was observed between plasma irisin and visceral adiposity (p = 0.006) in T2DM patients. Multiple regression analysis revealed that circulating soluble E-selectin levels could be predicted by plasma irisin (p = 0.004). Additionally, cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to 200 ng/ml irisin for 4 h showed a significant fourfold increase in E-selectin and 2.5-fold increase in ICAM-1 gene expression (p = 0.001 and p = 0.015 respectively), and there was a 1.8-fold increase in soluble E-selectin in conditioned media (p < 0.05).Conclusion
These data suggest that elevated plasma irisin in T2DM is associated with indices of adiposity, and that irisin may be involved in pro-atherogenic endothelial disturbances that accompany obesity and T2DM. Accordingly, irisin may constitute a potentially novel therapeutic opportunity in the field of obesity and cardiovascular diabetology.8.
Tsedale Semunigus Belay Tessema Setegn Eshetie Feleke Moges 《Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials》2016,15(1):50
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the globe’s deadliest communicable diseases. The homeless individuals are at high risk to acquire TB and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), because of their poor living conditions and risky behaviors. Tuberculosis and MDR-TB in the homeless individuals can pose a risk to entire communities. However, the magnitude of the problem is not known in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) and MDR-TB among homeless individuals in Dessie and Debre Birhan towns, Northeast Ethiopia.Methods
A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2014 to June 2015. Using an active screening with cough of ≥2 weeks, 351 TB suspects homeless individuals were participated in this study. Data were collected by using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Spot-morning-spot sputum sample was collected and examined for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using fluorescence microscopy by Auramine O staining technique. All AFB positive sputum was further analyzed by GeneXpert for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and rifampicin resistant gene. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to identify factors associated with smear positive PTB and P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results
The prevalence of smear positive PTB was 2.6 % (95 % CI 1.3–5) among TB suspect homeless individuals. Extrapolation of this study finding implies that there were 505 smear positive PTB per 100,000 homeless individuals. All smear positive PTB sputum specimens were further analyzed by GeneXpert assay, the assay confirmed that all were positive for MTBC but none were resistant to RIF or MDR. Smoking cigarette regularly for greater than 5 years (AOR 10.1, 95 % CI 1.1, 97.7), body mass index lower than 18.5 (AOR 6.9, 95 % CI 1.12, 41.1) and HIV infection (AOR 6.8, 95 % CI 1.1, 40.1) were significantly associated with smear positive PTB.Conclusion
The prevalence of smear positive PTB among TB suspect homeless individuals was 2.6 %. Among smear positive PTB, prevalence of HIV co-infection was very high 5 (55.5 %). Smoking cigarette regularly for greater than 5 years, BMI lower than 18.5 and HIV infection were factors associated with smear positive PTB. Special emphasis is needed for homeless individuals to exert intensive effort to identify undetected TB cases to limit the circulation of the disease into the community.9.
Line Engelbrechtsen Eva Pers Winning Iepsen Ehm A. Andersson Yuvaraj Mahendran Julie Lundgren Anna Elisabet Jonsson Sten Madsbad Jens Juul Holst Henrik Vestergaard Torben Hansen Signe Sørensen Torekov 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(12):181
Introduction
Increased levels of circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), as well as phenylalanine, and tyrosine have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown how these metabolites are affected by weight loss, and during weight-maintaining treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).Objective
We aimed to characterize changes in metabolites related to protein turnover and glycolysis after a weight loss intervention followed by long term weight maintenance with/without GLP-1 RA.Methods
Fifty-eight obese individuals underwent a diet-induced 12 % body weight loss during 8 weeks. Participants were randomized to weight maintenance with or without administration of the GLP-1 RA liraglutide (1.2 mg/day) for 52 weeks. Metabolomic profiling by high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used for quantification of metabolites.Results
The weight loss was maintained in both groups and was associated with 9–20 % decreases in plasma concentrations of alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, tyrosine and the BCAAs leucine, isoleucine and valine (p < 0.05). Plasma citrate levels increased during weight loss (p = 5.2 × 10?15) and showed inverse correlation with insulin resistance measured by HOMA–IR levels (r = ?0.318, p = 0.025). Valine concentrations were lower in the control group compared to the GLP-1RA group during weight maintenance (p = 0.005).Conclusion
Weight loss is associated with marked changes in plasma concentrations of eight amino acids and glycolysis-related metabolites. Levels of the suggested type 2 diabetes risk markers (BCAAs) remain low during long-term weight maintenance.10.
Alex A. Padron John R. Owen Jennifer S. Wayne Sevima A. Aktay Roy F. Barnes 《BMC research notes》2017,10(1):768
Objective
This biomechanical study compared the torsional strength and stiffness of a locking compression plate with all locking versus nonlocking screws and examined the effect of placing a locking unicortical or nonlocking bicortical screw nearest the fracture gap in a synthetic bone model.Results
Synthetic bone models simulating a diaphyseal fracture without anatomic reduction were tested using four screw configurations: all bicortical locking (ABL), all bicortical nonlocking (ABN), a hybrid construct with a bicortical nonlocking screw nearest the fracture gap (BN), and a unicortical locking screw placed nearest the fracture gap (UL). Torsional stiffness, rotation and torque at failure were compared via ANOVA and post hoc pairwise comparisons (p < 0.05). ABN and BN had the highest stiffness (p < 0.01) with ABL greater than UL (p < 0.01). Rotation at failure was greatest for ABL (p < 0.01) with UL greater than ABN (p < 0.05). Unicortical locking screws nearest the fracture gap decreased stiffness, without significantly affecting torque or rotation at failure. Construct stiffness was found to exist in a very narrow range of 0.9–1.2 N m/deg with standard deviations of 0.1 N m/deg in all cases. The results of this study support the use of nonlocking screws in a hybrid construct to increase torsional stiffness.11.
Hong-Bin?Cheng Rong-Yi?Chen Jing-Ping?Wu Li?Chen Yan-Hua?Liang Hai-Feng?Pan Zi-Feng?Pan Qing-Hua?Zhang Qing?Li Tian-Xi?Du Yong-Mei?Lv
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic systemic autoimmune disease. Complement component 4 (C4) has be proved to play a role in pathogenesis of SLE. In the present study, we investigated the effect of C4 on T cells differentiation.Methods
Thirty SLE patients were included in this study. CD4+ T cells were isolated from healthy subjects, and dendritic cells (DCs) were isolated from healthy subjects or SLE patients. C4 was supplemented to co-incubate with T cells and DCs.Results
Serum C4 concentration was positively correlated with regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage (R2 = 0.5907, p < 0.001) and TGFβ concentration (R2 = 0.5641, p < 0.001) in SLE patients. Different concentrations of C4 had no effect on T cells differentiation. Co-incubated T cells with DCs and C4 for 7 days, the Treg percentage and TGF-β concentration were significantly elevated. In addition, pre-treated DCs (from healthy subjects or SLE patients) with C4 and then co-incubated with T cells, the increases of Treg percentage and TGF-β concentration were also observed.Conclusion
C4 takes part in T cells differentiation to Treg cells via DCs.12.
Stewart F. Graham Olivier P. Chevallier Praveen Kumar Onur Türkoğlu Ray O. Bahado-Singh 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):62
Introduction
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders believed to have a multifactorial basis. Presently, diagnosis is based on behavioral and developmental signs in children before the age of 3 and no reliable clinical biomarkers are available for early detection.Objectives
This study aimed to biochemically profile the cerebellum from post-mortem human brain from ASD sufferers (n = 11) and compare their profiles to that of age-matched controls (n = 11) with no known brain disorder.Methods
Using liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry we detected 14,328 features in ESI+ mode in polar extracts of post-mortem brain.Results
Of these only 37 were found to be statistically significantly different between ASD and controls (p < 0.05; fdr < 0.05). A panel of four features had a predictive power of 96.64 %, following statistical cross validation, for ASD detection. This model produced an AUC = 0.874 (CI 0.768–0.944) and a Fisher’s exact score of p = 4.50E?29.Conclusion
Whilst at this time we were unable to chemically identify the four features of interest we believe that this study underscores the potential value of high resolution metabolomics for the study of ASD. Further characterization of the polar metabolome of post mortem ASD brains could lead to the identification of potential biomarkers and novel therapeutics for the disease. The development of accurate biomarkers could assist in the early detection of ASD and promote early intervention strategies to improve outcome.13.
Julián Varas Pablo Achurra Felipe León Richard Castillo Natalia De La Fuente Rajesh Aggarwal Leticia Clede María P. Bravo Marcia Corvetto Rodrigo Montaña 《Annals of surgical innovation and research》2016,10(1):2
Background
Central venous catheterization (CVC) is a basic requirement for many medical specialties. Simulated training in CVC may allow the acquisition of this competency but few reports have established a valid methodology for learning and acquiring procedural skills for CVC. This study aims to validate the use of a tracking motion device, the imperial college surgical assessment device (ICSAD), by comparing it with validated global rating scales (GRS) to measure CVC performance in a simulated torso.Methods
Senior year medical students, first and last year residents (PGY1, LYR), and expert anesthesiologists performed a jugular CVC assessment in a simulated model (Laerdal IV Torso). A validated GRS for objective assessment of technical skills and motion analysis by ICSAD was used. Statistical analysis was performed through Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests for construct validity and Spearman correlation coefficients between the ICSAD and GRS scores for concurrent validity between both.Results
32 subjects were recruited (10 medical students, 8 PGY1, 8 LYR and 8 experts). Total path length measured with ICSAD and GRS scores were significantly different between all groups, except for LYR compared to experts (p = 0.664 for GRS and p = 0.72 for ICSAD). Regarding jugular CVC procedural time, LYR and experts were faster than PGY1 and MS (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient was ?0.684 (p < 0.001) between ICSAD and GRS scores.Conclusions
ICSAD is a valid tool for assessment of jugular CVC since it differentiates between expert and novice subjects, and correlates with a validated GRS for jugular CVC in a simulated torso.14.
Background
In Japan, patients generally have free access to any hospital or clinic. This could lead to reduced efficiency in the treatment for eating disorders (EDs) because there are only a limited number of doctors who can treat ED patients. The objectives of this study were to examine the efficiency of a new trial system for consultation and appointments, a medical community network (MCN), in outpatient treatment for EDs. MCN schedules appointments for the first visit only by referral from another medical institution, not by patients themselves.Methods
We analyzed the data of 342 outpatients (mean age = 28.9 ± 9.9 years; 328 female and 14 male) who visited the ED clinic at the University of Tokyo Hospital for the first time between January 2009 and July 2012 to investigate possible differences in treatment efficacy between the new (MCN+) system and the conventional (MCN-) system, which accepts reservations directly from patients.Results
The no-show rate for MCN+ patients (0.8%) was significantly lower than that for the MCN- group (17.8%) (p < 0.001). MCN+ patients had a significantly shorter waiting period (8.4 days) for the first visit compared to MCN- patients (35.5 days, p < 0.001). In addition, the MCN+ group had a much higher rate of successive visits to the clinic (p < 0.05).Conclusion
This new consultation system using a medical community network provided more efficient treatment for ED than did the appointment system in which the patients made their appointments by themselves.15.
Elif Erdem Ibrahim Inan Harbiyeli Hazal Boral Macit Ilkit Meltem Yagmur Reha Ersoz 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(3):521-527
Purpose
To evaluate the efficiency of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in addition to topical voriconazole in cases with mycotic keratitis.Design
Retrospective case series in a tertiary university hospital.Participants
CXL was performed on 13 patients with mycotic keratitis who presented poor or no response to topical voriconazole treatment.Methods
The clinical features, symptoms, treatment results and complications were recorded retrospectively. The corneal infection was graded according to the depth of infection into the stroma (from grade 1 to grade 3). The visual analogue scale was used to calculate the pain score before and 2 days after surgery.Main Outcome Measures
Grade of the corneal infection.Results
Mean age of 13 patients (6 female and 7 male) was 42.4 ± 17.7 years (20–74 years). Fungus was demonstrated in culture (eight patients) or cytological examination (five patients). Seven of the 13 patients (54%) were healed with topical voriconazole and CXL adjuvant treatment in 26 ± 10 days (15–40 days). The remaining six patients did not respond to CXL treatment; they initially presented with higher grade ulcers. Pre- and post-operative pain score values were 8 ± 0.8 and 3.5 ± 1, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusions
The current study suggests that adjunctive CXL treatment is effective in patients with small and superficial mycotic ulcers. These observations require further research by large randomized clinical trials.16.
Objectives
To characterize biomarkers that underlie osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis based on an ego-network.Results
From the microarray data, we obtained 13,326 genes. By combining PPI data and microarray data, 10,520 shared genes were found and constructed into ego-networks. 17 significant ego-networks were identified with p < 0.05. In the pathway enrichment analysis, seven ego-networks were identified with the most significant pathway.Conclusions
These significant ego-modules were potential biomarkers that reveal the potential mechanisms in OS metastasis, which may contribute to understanding cancer prognoses and providing new perspectives in the treatment of cancer.17.
Yoshiyuki Koyama Tomoko Ito Aya Hasegawa Masazumi Eriguchi Toshio Inaba Takahiro Ushigusa Kikuya Sugiura 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(11):1857-1866
Objectives
To examine the potential of exosomes derived from the tumor cells, which had been genetically modified to express a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen, as a cancer vaccine aimed at overcoming the weak immunogenicity of tumor antigens.Results
We transfected B16 melanoma cells with a plasmid encoding the M. tuberculosis antigen, early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6). The secreted exosomes bearing both tumor-associated antigens and the pathogenic antigen (or their epitopes) were collected. When the exosomes were injected into foot pads of mice, they significantly (p < 0.05) evoked cellular immunity against both ESAT-6, and B16 tumor cells. Intra-tumoral injection of the exosomes significantly suppressed (p < 0.001) tumor growth in syngeneic B16 tumor-bearing mice, while the exosomes derived from the non-transfected B16 cells showed no effect on tumor growth, although both exosomes should have similar tumor antigens.Conclusions
Exosomes bearing both tumor antigens and the M. tuberculosis antigen (or their epitopes) have a high potential as a candidate for cancer vaccine to overcome the immune escape by tumor cells.18.
Huimei Huang Qinyun Ruan Meiyan Lin Lei Yan Chunyan Huang Liyun Fu 《Cardiovascular ultrasound》2017,15(1):14
Background
This study is aimed at investigating myocardial multi-directional systolic deformation in hypertensive with different left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and exploring its contribution to LVEF.Methods
One hundred and twenty-three patients with primary hypertension (HT) were divided into group A (LVEF ≥ 55%), group B (45% ≤ LVEF < 50%, or 50% ≤ LVEF < 55% + LVEDVI ≥ 97 ml/m2), and group C (LVEF < 45%). Two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2DSE) including LV longitudinal strain (SL), radial strain (SR) and circumferential strain (SC) were measured.Results
SL decreased gradually from group A, B to C (all p < 0.05) while SR and SC were reduced only in group B and C (all p < 0.05). All strain measurements correlated to LVEF, with the strongest correlation in SC (r = ?0.82, p < 0.01) and the second in SL (r = ?0.76). The diastolic E/e increased from group A, B to C.Conclusions
Left ventricular multi-directional deformation correlated well to LVEF in hypertension and particularly SC, indicating that it was SC, not SL or SR, that makes the prominent contribution to left ventricular pump function.19.
Makiko Suto Hidekazu Tanaka Yasuhide Mochizuki Jun Mukai Hiroki Takada Fumitaka Soga Kumiko Dokuni Yutaka Hatani Keiko Hatazawa Hiroki Matsuzoe Hiroyuki Sano Hiroyuki Shimoura Junichi Ooka Kensuke Matsumoto Yushi Hirota Wataru Ogawa Ken-ichi Hirata 《Cardiovascular diabetology》2017,16(1):145
Background
Coexistence of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal myocardial systolic dysfunction with LV diastolic dysfunction could lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as a significant factor associated with HFpEF. Although the mechanisms of DM-related LV myocardial injury are complex, it has been postulated that overweight contributes to the development of LV myocardial injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, the precise impact of overweight on LV longitudinal myocardial systolic function in T2DM patients remains unclear.Methods
We studied 145 asymptomatic T2DM patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) without coronary artery disease. LV longitudinal myocardial systolic function was assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS), which was defined as the average peak strain of 18-segments obtained from standard apical views. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Ninety age-, gender- and LVEF-matched healthy volunteers served as controls.Results
GLS of overweight T2DM patients was significantly lower than that of non-overweight patients (17.9 ± 2.4% vs. 18.9 ± 2.6%, p < 0.05), whereas GLS of both overweight and non-overweight controls was similar (19.8 ± 1.3% vs. 20.4 ± 2.1%, p = 0.38). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that for T2DM patients, BMI was the independent determinant parameters for GLS as well as LV mass index.Conclusions
Overweight has a greater effect on LV longitudinal myocardial systolic function in T2DM patients than on that in non-DM healthy subjects. Our finding further suggests that the strict control of overweight in T2DM patients may be associated with prevention of the development of HFpEF.20.
T. S. de Lange R. Y. G Tijssen P. Damman P. F. M. M. van Bergen 《Netherlands heart journal》2017,25(6):370-375