环境温度对荒漠沙晰和密点麻晰体温的影响及其对环境温度的选择

荒漠沙蜥和密点麻蜥的体温都随环境温度的变化而变化,相关非常显著（P<0.001）。在相同环境温度条件下,荒漠沙蜥的体温约高于密点麻蜥3 ℃。荒漠沙蜥集中选择38-40 ℃的环境,密点麻蜥选择35-37 ℃的环境。荒漠沙蜥的热僵死阈值为44-48 ℃,致死温度（TL[50]）为48 ℃,密点麻蜥的热僵死阈值为42-46 ℃,致死温度（TL[50]）为46 ℃。两种蜥蜴对低温的耐受性基本相似,冷僵温度为0- -3 ℃,致死低温（TL[50]）：荒漠沙蜥为-2.3 ℃,密点麻蜥为-2.5 ℃。两种蜥蜴的这些差异与种的特征、栖息环境及体形的大小有关。     

荒漠沙蜥胚胎生长发育的温度适应性研究

为研究荒漠沙蜥胚胎发育的温度适应性,我们设定了3个温度(26℃、30℃、34℃)孵化荒漠沙蜥受精卵,并在胚胎孵化过程中对胚胎代谢和心率、新生幼体的形态学特征和幼体静止代谢率的温度适应性进行了研究。结果显示,随着卵的发育,荒漠沙蜥的胚胎代谢率和心率逐渐上升,在孵化后期达到最大;胚胎的心率对孵化温度具有较高的敏感性,随环境温度上升心率显著加快。孵化温度对荒漠沙蜥新生幼体的部分形态学指标有显著影响,26℃下孵化的荒漠沙蜥幼体体型较大。新生幼体的代谢率均比胚胎代谢率高,且不同温度下孵出的幼体其热适应性有较大差异,30℃组孵化出的新生幼体代谢水平最低。我们推测幼体在与孵化温度相同的环境下消耗较少的能量便可保证基本的生理活动需求;相反,个体需要消耗更多的能量才能适应从胚胎到幼体的不同生活史阶段的环境温度变化。     

环境温度对荒漠沙蜥和密点麻蜥体温的影响及其对环境温度的选择

荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus przewalskii strauch)和密点麻蜥(Eremias multiocellata Guenther)的体温都随环境温度的变化而变化,相关非常显著(P<0.001)。在相同环境温度条件下,荒漠沙蜥的体温约高于密点麻蜥3℃,荒漠沙蜥集中选择38—40℃的环境,密点麻蜥选择35—37℃的环境。荒漠沙蜥的热僵死阈值为44—48℃,致死温度(T_(L50))为48℃,密点麻蜥的热僵死阈值为42—46℃,致死温度(T_(L50))为46℃。两种蜥蝎对低温的耐受性基本相似,冷僵温度为0——3℃,致死低温(T_(L50)):荒漠沙蜥为-2.3℃,密点麻蜥为-2.5℃。两种蜥蜴的这些差异与种的特征、栖息环境及体形的大小有关。     

温度对红尾沙蜥代谢昼夜节律的影响

爬行动物很多生理、生化和行为指标都表现出昼夜节律。代谢昼夜节律不仅涉及内在因子的固有控制,而且受到多种外部因素的影响。为了探究温度对代谢昼夜节律的影响,在恒定的温度下(18℃和28℃)测定了红尾沙蜥Phrynocephalus erythrurus体温、心率、标准代谢率(SMR)和血糖浓度的昼夜变化。结果表明:(1)在2个温度下红尾沙蜥体温没有明显的昼夜变化;(2)昼间SMR明显高于夜间,18℃下SMR水平以及SMR昼夜变化的范围都低于28℃下的结果;(3)心率的变化也与代谢率的变化一致,但最低点提前了2 h;(4)28℃下的血糖浓度整体水平显著高于18℃下的,而波动规律却不同:28℃条件下白天平均值高于晚上,血糖浓度在16∶00显著高于20∶00、00∶00和12∶00;18℃条件下,血糖浓度在20∶00和08∶00明显低于00∶00和12∶00(P0.05),而在04∶00和16∶00处于中间水平。该研究证实了红尾沙蜥SMR、心率和血糖浓度等生理生化指标也存在明显的昼夜节律,虽然这种现象受环境温度的影响,但主要还是由内在因子决定,这可能与某些激素的分泌活动有关。     

河西走廊中的爬行动物——变色沙蜥

变色沙蜥是一种适于在干旱戈壁荒漠生存的爬行动物。广泛分布在我国北方地区的河西走廊腹地。主要从变色沙蜥的形态结构、生活环境、生态习性、摄食与食性和繁殖等几个方面进行了简述。     

温度对密云点麻蜥心电活动的影响

采用甘肃省民勤县荒漠半岛漠环境中的卵胎生蜥蜴密点麻蜥（Ｅｒｅｍｉａｓｍｕｔｉｏｃｅｌｌａｔａ）为材料,研究其心电活动随体温变化的规律以及在对环境温度的适应特点,共记录密点麻蜥１２５只,每只蜥蜴记录５,１０,１５,２０,２５,３０,３５℃７个温度等级,每个等级１５～２０只;少数蜥蜴记录的温度范围扩展到４０,４２,４４,４５和４６℃。环境温度采用由电接点温度计和继电器控制的电冰箱和恒温箱来控制,体温测     

内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区荒漠沙蜥春秋季生境选择

为更好的了解及保护荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)资源,于2017年5—6月和9—10月,在内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区采用样线调查法对其春、秋2季的生境选择进行研究。春季测定了92个荒漠沙蜥生境利用样方和64个对照样方、秋季测定了71个荒漠沙蜥生境利用样方和76个对照样方的共13种生态因子。利用拟合优度卡方检验、VanderploegScavia′s选择指数、 Mann-White U检验和逐步判别分析确定影响其春秋季生境选择的关键因子。结果表明,荒漠沙蜥的生境选择存在季节性差异。春季一般选择食物丰富度高,隐蔽性好,光照强,地表温度高、湿度低的生境,既保证安全因素又利于达到最适体温,满足繁殖需求;秋季偏好选择土壤质地疏松,食物丰富度高和中的草甸地区,便于隐蔽及累积食物,以满足其躲避天敌、储存越冬能量的需要。     

温度对蜥蜴红红蛋白及血浆总蛋白浓度的影响

研究在不同实验温度下驯化的荒漠沙蜥和密点麻蜥的血红蛋白浓度、血浆总蛋白浓度以及血浆清蛋白与球蛋白比例的变化,结果表明：在５℃下驯化的两种蜥蜴的血红蛋白浓度都很低;而在１５－３０℃之间驯化的蜥蜴血红蛋白浓度较高且比较稳定;３５℃时蜥蜴的血红蛋白浓度则下降。在同温度下密眯麻蜥的血红蛋白浓度高于荒漠沙蜥。同种蜥蜴中,雄性的血红蛋白浓度高于雌性。两种蜥蜴的血浆总蛋白浓度均随驯化温度的升高而增加;荒漠沙蜥在     

荒漠蜥蜴的温度适应策略

荒漠蜥蜴是典型的陆生爬行动物,能够通过行为和生理的方式将体温维持在相当狭窄的范围内,以满足其生理活动的需要。在体温调节上,荒漠蜥蜴代表了一种过渡类型,一方面具有变温动物的行为性体温调节特点,同时也产生了哺乳类和鸟类的一些生理性体温调节的雏型。重点介绍荒漠蜥蜴在行为和生理上对温度的适应策略。     

基底颜色对两种沙蜥体色变异的影响

生存在不同基底颜色环境下的爬行动物种群通常表现出丰富的体色地理变异, 其体色变化的潜在机制具有多样性。变色沙蜥(Phrynocephalus versicolor)和草原沙蜥(P. frontalis)具有较近的遗传关系, 曾被认为与荒漠沙蜥(P. przewalskii)组成同一系统发育种组。本文应用光纤光谱仪(AvaSpec-2048), 通过记录沙蜥背部体表12个部位的皮肤光反射率, 定量比较在黑化环境下的深色变色沙蜥与非黑化环境下的浅色草原沙蜥自然体色变异, 研究其种群体色变异是否具有时间可逆性, 并探讨基底颜色对沙蜥体色的影响机制。研究结果表明, 黑化生境下的变色沙蜥体色显著深于非黑化枯黄色生境下的草原沙蜥。此外, 对黑化与非黑化样本开展的生境互换移植围栏实验, 即把枯黄色生境中非黑化的草原沙蜥移植于黑色的基底环境中饲养, 把黑化生境中黑化的变色沙蜥移植于枯黄色生境中饲养。结果表明, 饲养1周后黑化群体背部6个检测部位的光反射率显著变大, 其他部位均无显著变化; 而非黑化群体只有左后肢和背部右上方2个部位的皮肤光反射率发生显著变化, 其他部位反射率无显著变化。结果表明, 变色沙蜥体色变异能力比草原沙蜥强, 体色表型可能已经在两个近缘沙蜥物种中稳定遗传, 基底生境颜色的短期变化在统计学上能引起肉眼难以识别的轻微的体色变异, 个体发育相关的一些遗传因素可能对体色变异起控制 作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.