河北沧州地区两栖爬行动物多样性研究

2001年5月～2007年10月对沧州地区的两栖爬行动物进行了调查,共记录两栖爬行动物21种,分隶于3目10科14属.其中两栖纲1目3科3属6种;爬行纲2目7科11属15种,其中外来种3种,本地种2目5科8属12种.区系成分以广布种和古北种为主.     

四川省草坡和包座自然保护区的两栖爬行动物

采用编目法调查了四川省汶川县草坡自然保护区和若尔盖县包座自然保护区的两栖爬行动物概况.调查表明,草坡自然保护区有两栖爬行动物17种,隶7科3目;包座自然保护区有两栖爬行动物5种,隶5科3目.     

甘肃陇南地区两栖爬行动物调查

１９９９年６～７月对甘肃省陇南地区的两栖爬行动物进行了调查。共发现２０种,隶１５属９科。对当地两栖爬行动物的多样性,区系组成,生态的分化等进行了初步分析。     

陕西榆林地区两栖爬行动物调查

陕西北部榆林地区,两栖、爬行动物过去资料甚少。1983年6月16日—10月9日,笔者在府谷、神木、榆林、佳县、定边、绥德等县,对两栖、爬行动物做了调查。共捕获两栖纲动物标本572号,隶于5种(亚种),2属2科1目,陕西省新纪录:黑龙江林蛙Rana amurensis。共捕获爬行纲标本1001号,隶于11种(亚种),9属6科3目,陕西省新纪录:耳疣壁虎Gekko auriverrucosus、密点麻蜥指名亚种Eremias multiocellatu multiocellata、密点麻蜥叶城亚种E.m.yarkandensis。     

山西历山地区的两栖爬行动物

１９９３－ １９９７ 年在山西历山地区对两栖和爬行动物进行了调查。此区共有两栖动物１１ 种, 隶２ 目５ 科８属, 其中, 古北界种３ 种、东洋界种３ 种、广布种５ 种; 爬行动物２４ 种, 隶３ 目７ 科１４ 属, 其中, 古北界种７种、东洋界种１２ 种、广布种４ 种、特有种１ 种。     

新疆两栖爬行动物考察报告

2006年7月18日~8月14日,由四川大学、中科院成都生物研究所和台湾国立中山大学组成新疆两栖爬行动物考察队,对南北疆进行了为期近一个月的野外考察。本次考察共采集标本328号,经鉴定共23种,分隶11属7科,其中两栖纲2科2属4种,爬行纲5科9属19种。本次调查还发现了一些蜥蜴和蛇种的新分布记录。     

海南部分地区两栖动物的调查

于2005年2月至3月调查r海南岛的部分地区两栖动物,主要集中在戈枕、湾岭和吊罗山,共计采集到13种标本,分隶4科7属。     

四川唐家河自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查报告

本文报道１９８４—１９９６ 年在四川省唐家河国家级自然保护区采集和观察到两栖爬行动物标本３００ 号。其中, 两栖类１８ 种, 隶１０ 属７ 科２ 目, 爬行类１９ 种, 隶１２ 属５ 科１ 目     

西藏两栖爬爬行动物考察报告3.从乌鲁木齐到拉萨

2004年7月17日～8月20日,由沈阳师范大学组织、世界自然保护联盟中国两栖爬行动物专家组参与进行了西藏两栖爬行动物考察.藏北队从新疆经青海进西藏,后经青海、甘肃返回新疆,沿途采集两栖爬行动物标本,在西藏主要考察藏北地区.藏北队共计采集到10种标本,分隶4科6属.通过此次考察,发现一些物种的新的地理分布区,包括红尾沙蜥Phrynocephalus erythrurus、白条沙蜥Phrynocephalus koslowi、变色沙蜥Phrynocephalus versicolor、高山倭蛙Nanorana parkeri、花脊游蛇Coluber ravergieri.     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Exercise, dobutamine, and combined atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine compared

We compared the cardiovascular effects evoked in conscious dogs by 1) submaximal exercise; 2) infusion of dobutamine (40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1); and 3) infusion of a combination of atropine (0.15 mg/kg), norepinephrine (0.19 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), and epinephrine (0.05 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Myocardial O2 demand, as estimated by the double product (heart rate X systolic blood pressure), was similar during all three interventions. Cardiac output and heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during each of the three interventions. Arteriovenous O2 difference and total body O2 consumption, however, increased only during submaximal exercise. Although myocardial blood flow increased similarly during each of the three interventions, blood flow to skeletal muscle and the tongue increased only during exercise. Exercise and the combined infusion of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine produced similar increases in blood flow to the diaphragm and similar decreases in blood flow to the stomach. These changes in blood flow were associated with appropriate changes in vascular resistance. Additionally, blood flow to the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, liver, and intestine did not change during any of the three interventions. Thus, in dogs, submaximal exercise, infusion of dobutamine, and infusion of a combination of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine to evoke a given level of estimated myocardial O2 consumption produce similar increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and myocardial blood flow. In contrast, the changes in total body O2 consumption, arteriovenous O2 difference, regional blood flow, and regional vascular resistance that occur during each of these three interventions are different.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis. Ricardo A. Godoy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 274 pp.     

Incorporating Science,Technology, Fairness,and Accountability in Environmental,Health, and Safety Decisions

The Precautionary Principle is in sharp political focus today because (1) the nature of scientific uncertainty is changing and (2) there is increasing pressure to base governmental action on more “rational” schemes, such as cost-benefit analysis and quantitative risk assessment, the former being an embodiment of ‘rational choice theory’ promoted by the Chicago school of law and economics. The Precautionary Principle has been criticized as being both too vague and too arbitrary to form a basis for rational decision making. The assumption underlying this criticism is that any scheme not based on cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment is both irrational and without secure foundation in either science or economics. This paper contests that view and makes explicit the rational tenets of the Precautionary Principle within an analytical framework as rigorous as uncertainties permit, and one that mirrors democratic values embodied in regulatory, compensatory, and common law. Unlike other formulations that reject risk assessment, this paper argues that risk assessment can be used within the formalism of tradeoff analysis—a more appropriate alternative to traditional cost-benefit analysis and one that satisfies the need for well-grounded public policy decision making. This paper will argue that the precautionary approach is the most appropriate basis for policy, even when large uncertainties do not exist, especially where the fairness of the distributions of costs and benefits of hazardous activities and products are a concern. Furthermore, it will offer an approach to making decisions within an analytic framework, based on equity and justice, to replace the economic paradigm of utilitarian cost-benefit analysis.     

Lipid,lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein models: past,present, and future

Mones Berman's untimely death on 12 August 1982 put an end to his work in the development of theoretical biology. Arguments are examined, and it is concluded that a formal theory of lipoprotein metabolism flourished and expanded under the guidance of Dr. Berman. Not many scientists in the field of biology spend a major portion of their energies on theoretical work xxx was outstanding because of his early decision to follow the theoretical path.