The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae)

A cladistic analysis is presented for the genera of the former ichneumonine tribe Trogini. The tribe Heresiarchini is paraphyletic with respect to the Trogini, and so maintaining Trogini as a separate tribe is unsatisfactory. Within Heresiarchini, the following changes are made: (a) the subtribes Apatetorina and Heresiarchina are referred to as the Apatetor and Heresiarches genus‐groups, (b) the genera of the paraphyletic subtribe Protichneumonina are treated as incerta sedis within Heresiarchini, and (c) the Trogini are referred to as the Callajoppa genus‐group, with the former subtribe Trogina referred to as the Trogus subgroup. Thirty‐five genera are recognized as valid within the Callajoppa genus‐group. Catadelphops, Catadelphus, Cobunus, and Facydes are transferred to this group; Holojoppa is removed and is incertae sedis within Heresiarchini. Three new synonyms are proposed: Araeoscelis and Cryptopyge are junior synonyms of Macrojoppa, and Neamblyjoppa is a junior synonym of Catadelphops. Trogus latipennis Cresson is transferred to Pedinopelte from Macrojoppa, and Trogus mactator Tosquinet and its related species (T. bicolor Radoszkowski, T. heinrichi Uchida, and T. tricephalus Uchida) are transferred to Holcojoppa. Tricyphus is redefined and a neotype is designated for Tricyphus cuspidiger Kriechbaumer, the type‐species of the genus. Thirteen new genera are described (authorship of all is Wahl & Sime): Charmedia (type‐species: Charmedia chavarriai Wahl & Sime, sp. n.) , Daggoo (type‐species: Daggoo philoctetes Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Dothenia (type‐species: Dothenia hansoni Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Humbert (type‐species: Humbert humberti Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Laderrica (type‐species: Laderrica feenyi Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Mokajoppa (type‐species: Tricyphus respinozai Ward & Gauld), Metallichneumon (type‐species: Metallichneumon neurospastarchus Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Myocious (type‐species: Myocious orientalis Wahl & Sime, sp. n.) , Quandrus (type‐species: Trogus pepsoides Smith, transferred from Callajoppa), Queequeg (type‐species: Gathetus flavibasalis Uchida, transferred from Neofacydes), Saranaca (type‐species: Trogus elegans Cresson; includes Trogus apicalis Cresson, Tricyphyus ater Hopper, and Tricyphus floridanus Heinrich), Tashtego (type‐species: Tashtego janzeni Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), and Xanthosomnium (type‐species: Xanthosomnium froesei Wahl & Sime, sp. n.). A key to the genera of the Callajoppa genus‐group is provided. The evolution of biological traits within the Callajoppa genus‐group is discussed with reference to the elucidated phylogeny. The groundplan biology is parasitism of Sphingidae, with oviposition into a host pupa/prepupa. There have been two transitions to butterfly parasitism within the Trogus subgroup: one a transition to Papilionidae (followed by a switch to Nymphalidae at Psilomastax) and the other to Nymphalidae (followed by a switch to Papilionidae within Macrojoppa). ©2002 The Linnean Society of London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 134 , 1–56.     

Undergraduate teaching in gerodontology in Austria, Switzerland and Germany

Objective: To survey the present state of undergraduate teaching in the domain of gerodontology in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Study participants: All universities of Austria (A), Germany (D) and Switzerland (CH). Protocol: A questionnaire on undergraduate teaching in gerodontology was mailed to all Deans (A: n = 3; CH: n = 4; D: n = 31) and all independent departments except paediatric dentistry and orthodontics (A: n = 11; CH: n = 15; D: n = 111). Results: The questionnaires were completed and returned by 29 Deans (A: n = 2; CH: n = 4; D: n = 23) and 102 departments (A: n = 7; CH: n = 8; D: n = 87). In Austria, gerodontology is a very small component of the dental curriculum and the Deans did not want this to be increased. Most German universities claimed to teach some aspects of gerodontology to undergraduate students and 87.4% of the Deans voted for separate lectures in gerodontology. In Switzerland, gerodontology seems well established. The results of questionnaires from the independent departments revealed that in all three countries lectures were more prevalent (A: n = 0; CH: n = 4; D: n = 6) than practical training in nursing homes (A: n = 0; CH: n = 3; D: n = 6). Conclusion: Considering the demographical shift which is leading to an increasing proportion of elderly in the population, the weighting of gerodontology in the undergraduate dental curriculum should be considered for revision in Austria and Germany.     

Acetyltransferase p300 regulates NBS1-mediated DNA damage response

The role of p300 in DNA damage response is unclear. To understand how ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p300 affects its function in response to DNA damage, we present evidence that S106 of p300, which is phosphorylated by ATM, regulates stability of NBS1 and recruitment into damaged DNA, possibly leading to regulation of DNA repair. Non-phosphorylatable p300 (S106A) destabilized NBS1 and decreased NBS1–p300 interaction. The recruitment of NBS1 into damaged DNA was impaired in the presence of S106A. Also, a dominant negative p300 lacking enzymatic activity induced destabilization of NBS1, suggesting that its acetyltransferase is required for NBS1 stability. These results indicate that phosphorylation of p300 can regulate NBS1-mediated DNA damage response, and that these events occur in an acetylation-dependent manner.

Structured summary

MINT-8058074, MINT-8058083: p300 (uniprotkb:Q09472) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NBS1 (uniprotkb:O60934) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)MINT-8058111: p300 (uniprotkb:Q09472) and NBS1 (uniprotkb:O60934) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)MINT-8058657: p300 (uniprotkb:Q09472) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NBS1 (uniprotkb:O60934) by two hybrid (MI:0018)MINT-8058093: p300 (uniprotkb:Q09472) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NBS1 (uniprotkb:O60934) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)     

Sex pheromone production and response in Korean populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), is a worldwide pest of cruciferous crops. We examined the female pheromone production and male response to various pheromone blends in two Korean populations. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC‐mass spectrometry (MS) analyses of pheromone gland extracts revealed that females produce (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11‐16:Ald), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z11‐16:OAc), and (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐ol (Z11‐16:OH) in a ratio of 8:100:18. However, (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:OAc), a previously reported component of the sex attractant of a Canadian P. xylostella population was not detected in gland extracts of the Korean one. Field tests showed that Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:OAc are essential for attraction of male moths, and the highest attraction is obtained with a 10:90 blend mimicking the blend found in gland extracts. Addition of 1 or 10% of Z11‐16:OH to the 10:90 blend of Z11‐16:Ald and Z11‐16:OAc significantly increased attraction. However, attraction was strongly antagonized by the addition of as little as 0.1% of Z9‐14:OAc to the most attractive ternary blend. The ternary blend of Z11‐16:Ald, Z11‐16:OAc, and Z11‐16:OH at a ratio of 10:90:1 was more effective at catching P. xylostella males than the Japanese three‐component blend or the Canadian four‐component blend in Korea. These results suggest that there is geographical variation in the pheromone systems of this species.     

Phospholipid fatty acid composition of gorgonians of the genus Pseudopterogorgia: Identification of tetracosapolyenoic acids

The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Caribbean gorgonians Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (Pallas), Pseudopterogorgia americana (Gmelin), Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata (Verrill) and Pseudopterogorgia rigida (Bielschowsky) is described for the first time. The main phospholipids identified were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. All four gorgonians presented a similar phospholipid fatty acid composition. The main fatty acids were 16:0, 18:3(n-6), 18:4(n-3), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3), 24:5(n-6) and 24:6(n-3). In all of the studied Pseudopterogorgia gorgonians, high amounts of the tetracosapolyenoic fatty acids 24:5(n-6) and 24:6(n-3) were identified. In the four gorgonians studied, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids predominated. These results suggest that the occurrence of tetracosapolyenoic fatty acids in the Gorgoniidae is more general than previously recognized.     

Les Abeilles de Martinique (Antilles françaises) et leurs relations avec la flore butinée (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae,Apidae)

Checklist of bees from Martinique (French West Indies) and their relations with visited flowers (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae, Apidae). An annotated checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) of Martinique, Lesser Antilles is presented. The bee fauna is constituted by 14 species: one endemic; five known only from the Insular Caribbean; four that occur both on mainland and the West Indies and three adventive species to the West Indies. Seven species are new island records: Megachile (Eutricharaea) concinna Smith 1879, Megachile (Pseudocentron) vitraci Pérez 1884, Centris (Hemisiella) barbadensis Cockerell 1939, Centris (Centris) decolorata Lepeletier 1841, Centris (Centris) versicolor (Fabricius 1775), Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) analis Spinola 1853 and Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) similis (Cresson 1865). The list is arranged with data from literature and field researches carried out by the junior author between 2006 and 2014. A list of the visited flowers along with ecological notes for each species is also given.     

Revision of the Indo‐African Pachycerus Schoenherr, 1823, with a description of four new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae)

The Indo‐African species of the genus Pachycerus (Curculionidae: Lixinae: Cleonini) are revised. The identification of Cleonus senegalensis Gyllenhal, 1834 is discussed, its holotype rediscovered and the synonymy between C. senegalensis and Ammocleonus hieroglyphicus (Olivier, 1807) is confirmed. A neotype is established for Pachycerus opimus (Gyllenhal, 1834). Lectotypes for Pachycerus vestitus (Fåhraeus, 1834), Pachycerus badeni (Faust, 1888), and Pachycerus sellatus Faust, 1904 are designated. Pachycerus sahelicus sp. nov. (type locality: Senegal, Bambey), Pachycerus hippali sp. nov. (type locality: Saudi Arabia: Jeddah, Taif), Pachycerus barclayi sp. nov. (type locality: southern India: Manapparai), and Pachycerus simonae sp. nov. (type locality: Morocco, Western Sahara, Cap Boujdour) are described. Some remarks on taxonomy and biogeography of the species are added.     

Leptin to high-molecular-weight adiponectin ratio is independently correlated with carotid intima-media thickness in men,but not in women

Background: The leptin:adiponectin ratio (L:A ratio) is an independent predictor of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Objective: To evaluate whether the leptin:high-molecular-weight adiponectin ratio (L:HA ratio) is associated with CIMT in the general population.

Methods: We investigated the relationship between the L:HA ratio and CIMT in 233 Japanese study participants (106 men and 127 women).

Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, CIMT was significantly correlated with the log L:HA ratio (β?=?0.11, p?=?0.014) in men, whereas no correlation was observed in women (β?=?0.01, p?=?0.50).

Conclusion: The L:HA ratio is closely correlated with CIMT in men, but not in women.     

Peristerophila nestoriae,a new species of quill mite of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata) parasitizing New Zealand Kaka Nestor meridionalis (Gmelin) (Psittaciformes: Strigopidae)

A new species of quill mite of the family Syringophilidae (Acariformes: Prostigmata), Peristerophila nestoriae sp. nov. from New Zealand Kaka, Nestor meridionalis (Gmelin) (Psittaciformes: Strigopidae) is described. This new species is morphologically similar to Peristerophila falcophila [Skoracki M, Hromada M, Kaszewska K, Unsoeld M. 2018. Peristerophila falcophila sp. nov., a new species and first record of quill mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) parasitizing birds of the order Falconiformes. Acta Parasitologica. 63:744–749. https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0088], and differs from it as follow: the stylophore is 130–140 long (vs. 150–160 long); the propodonotal shield bear bases of setae ve, si, and c1 (vs. only ve and si on the propodonotal shield); fan-like setae p′ and p″ of legs III and IV with 11–13 tines (vs. 10 tines); the lengths of setae ag2 40–50 (vs. 55–70). Our finding is the first record of the presence of syringophilid mite on host of the family Strigopidae and first report of the member of Peristerophila on psittaciform birds. So far, the syringophilids mites have not been found in New Zealand.

LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FB0C5B37-DF42-428C-8C81-8FA56EA67504     

New alien insect pests to Portugal on urban ornamental plants and additional data on recently introduced species

The spread of invasive pests is an important topic in pest control and early detection is crucial for containment of invasive aliens. In this study the results of recent surveys on alien insects of ornamental urban plants in Portugal are reported. Overall, 13 alien species associated with allochthonous ornamental plants were recorded. Seven of these pests are new to the Portuguese fauna: Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (Kirkaldy); Illinoia liriodendri (Monell); Appendiseta robiniae (Gillette) (Hemiptera: Aphididae); Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae); Dasineura gleditchiae (Osten Sacken); Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae); and Phytoliriomyza jacarandae Steyskal & Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Additional distribution data are also provided for other recently introduced alien pests in Portugal: Myzocallis (Lineomyzocallis) walshii (Monell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae); Platycorypha nigrivirga Burckhardt; Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae); Calophya schini Tuthill (Hemiptera: Calophyidae); Corythucha ciliata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae); and Lantanophaga pusillidactylus (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae). Three species in particular (Illinoia liriodendri, Obolodiplosis robiniae and Phytoliriomyza jacarandae) were not previously found in the Iberian Peninsula. Details on current distribution, host plants and biological remarks are given for each species. Possible origin areas, pathways and impacts are also discussed.     

New and little known weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from the Paleogene and Neogene

A new tribe, Palaeorhopalotriini Legalov, n. tribe, new genera, Electranthribus Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Electranthribus zherikhini n. sp.), Palaeorhopalotria Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Palaeorhopalotria neli n. sp.), Eoceneithycerus Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Eoceneithycerus carpenteri n. sp.), Succinorhynchites Legalov, n. gen. (type species: S. alberti n. sp.), Palaeophelypera Legalov, n. gen. (type species: Palaeophelypera kuscheli n. sp.) and Archaeocallirhopalus Legalov, n. gen. (type species: A. larssoni n. sp.) and new species, Electranthribus zherikhini Legalov, n. sp. (Anthribidae: Anthribinae: Zygaenodini) from Baltic amber, Succinometrioxena bachofeni Legalov, n. sp. from Baltic amber, Palaeorhopalotria neli Legalov, n. sp. (Belidae: Oxycoryninae: Allocorynitae) from Alès-Monteils, Upper Eocene, Eoceneithycerus carpenteri Legalov, n. sp. (Ithyceridae: Ithycerinae) from USA Lower Eocene, Succinorhynchites alberti Legalov, n. sp. (Rhynchitidae: Rhynchitini: Perrhynchitina) from Baltic amber, Ceutorhynchus succinus Legalov, n. sp. (Curculionidae: Baridinae: Ceutorhynchini) from Baltic amber, Palaeophelypera kuscheli Legalov, n. sp. (Entiminae: Hyperini: Cepurina) from Baltic amber, and A. larssoni Legalov, n. sp. (Entiminae: Cneorhinini alaeophelypera) from Baltic amber are described. Isotheinae Scudder 1893, n. syn. is synonymised to the tribe Rhynchitini Gistel, 1848. Trichapiina Alonso-Zarazaga 1990, n. syn. is synonymised to the subtribe Toxorhynchina Scudder 1893. Phialodes durus (Heer 1865), n. placem. and n. comb. is transferred from the genus Attelabus Linnaeus, 1758 to the genus Phialodes Roelofs, 1874.     

Three new species of larval Charletonia Oudemans, 1910 (Acari: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae) and the first record of Charletonia krendowskyi (Feider, 1954) from Rhodes,Greece

Three new species of larval Charletonia Oudemans, 1910 from Rhodes, Greece are described: C. dalegori from an undetermined orthopteran, C. glifadaensis from Oedipoda sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) and C. kaliksti from Aiolopus sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae). C. krendowskyi is recorded for the first time from Greece. A key to the European species of larval Charletonia is provided.     

Mismatch repair hierarchy of Pseudomonas putida revealed by mutagenic ssDNA recombineering of the pyrF gene

The mismatch repair (MMR) system is one of the key molecular devices that prokaryotic cells have for ensuring fidelity of DNA replication. While the canonical MMR of E. coli involves 3 proteins (encoded by mutS, mutL and mutH), the soil bacterium Pseudomonads putida has only 2 bona fide homologues (mutS and mutL) and the sensitivity of this abridged system to different types of mismatches is unknown. In this background, sensitivity to MMR of this bacterium was inspected through single stranded (ss) DNA recombineering of the pyrF gene (the prokaryotic equivalent to yeast's URA3) with mutagenic oligos representative of every possible mispairing under either wild-type conditions, permanent deletion of mutS or transient loss of mutL activity (brought about by the thermoinducible dominant negative allele mutL_E36K). Analysis of single nucleotide mutations borne by clones resistant to fluoroorotic acid (5FOA, the target of wild type PyrF) pinpointed prohibited and tolerated single-nucleotide replacements and exposed a clear grading of mismatch recognition. The resulting data unequivocally established the hierarchy A:G < C:C < G:A < C:A, A:A, G:G, T:T, T:G, A:C, C:T < G:T, T:C as the one prevalent in Pseudomonas putida. This information is vital for enabling recombineering strategies aimed at single-nucleotide changes in this biotechnologically important species.     

Substrate specificities of lipases in view of kinetic resolution of unsaturated fatty acids

Several commercially available lipases have been evaluated with regard to their substrate specificity in the esterification of fatty acids having specific positions of cis double bonds, e.g. petroselinic acid (n-12 18:1), alpha-linolenic acid (n-3 18:3), gamma-linolenic acid (n-6 18:3), stearidonic acid (n-3 18:4), dihomogamma-linolenic acid (n-6 20:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 22:6), with n-butanol. A common feature of most lipases, e.g. those from Penicillium cyclopium, Candida cylindracea, Mucor miehei, Rhizopus arrhizus and Penicillium sp. is that fatty acids having the first double bond from the carboxyl end as a cis-4 (n-3 22:6), cis-6 (n-12 18:1, n-6 18:3, n-3 18:4) or a cis-8 (n-6 20:3) double bond are strongly discriminated against compared to the other fatty acids, such as myristic acid (14:0), the reference standard, and n-3 18:3. In the case of the lipase from porcine pancreas, however, the discrimination against the above fatty acids is not as strong as with the other lipases. In contrast, the lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum shows a preference for n-12 18:1, n-6 18:3 and n-3 18:4. The observed substrate specificities can be utilized for enrichment of particular fatty acids by lipase-catalysed kinetic resolution from fatty acid mixtures, derived from naturally occurring fats and other lipids.Dedicated to Prof. David A. Walker, Robert Hill Institute, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday on 18 August 1993 Correspondence to: K. D. Mukherjee     

Structural models of DYNLL1 with interacting partners: African swine fever virus protein p54 and postsynaptic scaffolding protein gephyrin

DYNLL1, the smallest dynein light chain, interacts with different cargos facilitating their cellular transport. Usually the sequence recognized in the targets is homologous to the GIQVD or the KXTQT motifs with a glutamine that is important for binding. Here we add two new examples of DYNLL1 targets that can be classified into these two groups: ASFV p54 and gephyrin. Using NMR we demonstrate the direct interaction between DYNLL1 and two peptides derived from their interacting sequences. We model the structure of both complexes and show that the overall binding mode is preserved as in other complexes despite differences at the residue-specific interactions.

Structured summary

MINT-8058152:DYNLL1 (uniprotkb:P63167) and gephyrin (uniprotkb:Q9NQX3) bind (MI:0407) by nuclear magnetic resonance (MI:0077)MINT-8058141:DYNLL1 (uniprotkb:P63167) and p54 (uniprotkb:Q4TWM1) bind (MI:0407) by nuclear magnetic resonance (MI:0077)     

Transgenic zebrafish line with over-expression of Hedgehog on the skin: a useful tool to screen Hedgehog-inhibiting compounds

We generated a transgenic line Tg(k18:shh:RFP) with overexpression of Sonic hedgehog in the skin epidermis. By 5 day-post-fertilization (dpf), many epidermal lesions were clearly observed, including a swollen yolk sac, epidermis growth malformation around the eyes and at the basement of the pectoral fins. Skin histology revealed embryos derived from Tg(k18:shh:RFP) displayed an elevated Nuclear/Cytoplasmic ratio and pleomorphic nuclei compared to their wild type littermates, suggesting the abnormal growth pattern on the epidermis of Tg(k18:shh:RFP) embryos were dysplasia. Later (by 7 dpf), Tg(k18:shh:RFP) embryos displayed broader pectoral fins which are similar to the polydactyly phenotypes of Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS)/Gorlin patients and polydactylous mice. In addition, treatment with cyclopamine is able to enhance and prolong the survival rates and survival durations of Tg(k18:shh:RFP) embryos. In conclusion, this unique Tg(k18:shh:RFP) fish line, should be an excellent experimental animal for screening for a lower toxicity level of the new Hh-inhibitor and can even be used as a new anti-cancer drug-screening platform.     

中国圆顶瓢蜡蝉属回顾及一新种描记（半翅目：蜡蝉总科：瓢蜡蝉科）

对中国圆顶瓢蜡蝉属Thabena Stl,1861进行了分类回顾,共有4种:海南圆顶瓢蜡蝉T.hainanensis(Ran & Liang,2006)(中国海南)、兰坪圆顶瓢蜡蝉T.lanpingensis sp.nov.(中国云南)、黎桃圆顶瓢蜡蝉T.litaoensis(Yang,1994)(中国台湾、海南)和云南圆顶瓢蜡蝉T.yunnanensis(Ran & Liang,2006)(中国云南)。对其中2个种兰坪圆顶瓢蜡蝉T.lanpingensis和黎桃圆顶瓢蜡蝉T.litaoensis进行了描记或重新描记,绘制了特征图。提供了中国圆顶瓢蜡蝉属全部已知种的检索表。     

Direct demonstration of NCAM cis-dimerization and inhibitory effect of palmitoylation using the BRET technique

Biological activity of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) depends on both adhesion and activation of intra-cellular signaling. Based on in vitro experiments with truncated extra-cellular domains, several models describing homophilic NCAM trans- and cis-interactions have been proposed. However, cis-dimerization in living cells has not been shown directly and the role of the cytoplasmic part in NCAM dimerization is poorly understood. Here, we used the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET²) technique to directly demonstrate that full-length NCAM cis-homodimerizes in living cells. Based on BRET²50 values we suggest that the intra-cellular part of NCAM inhibits cis-dimerization, an effect mainly dependent on the palmitoylation sites.

Structured summary

MINT-8071463: NCAM140 (uniprotkb:P13591-1) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NCAM140 (uniprotkb:P13591-1) by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (MI:0012)MINT-8071506: NCAM180 (genbank_protein_gi:119587605) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NCAM-180 (genbank_protein_gi:119587605) by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (MI:0012)MINT-8071483: NCAM140 (uniprotkb:P13591-1) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NCAM140 (uniprotkb:P13591-1) by competition binding (MI:0405)     

Identification of the genes coding for the second-largest subunits of RNA polymerases I and III of Drosophila melanogaster

Summary Colony forming ability of Escherichia coli strains carrying the rnh-339::cat mutant allele is strongly dependent on the recBCD and sbcB genes. A mutation inactivating either the RecBCD nuclease or exonuclease I (sbcB) is sufficient to restrict severely the efficiency of plating of strains carrying the rnh-339::cat mutation. Combining a non-lethal temperature-sensitive mutation in the RecBCD nuclease, recB270 (Ts) or recC271 (Ts), with rnh-339::cat renders strains temperature sensitive for growth, even though rnh ⁺ strains with the recB270 (Ts) or recC271 (Ts) alleles are viable at 42 C. The recombinational functions of the RecBCD nuclease can be excluded as the source of lethality on the basis of the following observations. Introduction of a recombination proficient, exonuclease defective recD1009 allele or production of the phage GamS protein (an inhibitor of the RecBCD exonuclease activity) in an rnh-339::cat strain dramatically delays or impairs the ability of such strains to form colonies. Restoration of recombination proficiency by inclusion of an sbcB15 mutation with recB21 recC22 mutations does not restore the ability of the rnh-339::cat mutant strains to plate normally. A recBCD ⁺ strain bearing the rnh-339::cat and sbcB15 mutations forms very few visible colonies after 24 h but forms colonies at normal frequencies after 48 h of incubation. Finally, plating efficiencies of strains are unaffected when the RecBCD recombination pathway is inactivated by introduction of recA56 into an rnh-339::cat strain. These results imply that the defective growth of rnh-339::cat recBCD strains is due to a defect in repair and not recombination mediated by either the RecBCD or the RecF pathway.     

Action of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine on bacterial cells is determined by hydrogen peroxide

Seven different recombinant bioluminescent strains of Escherichia coli containing, respectively, the promoters katG and soxS (responsive to oxidative damage), recA (DNA damage), fabA (membrane damage), grpE, and rpoE (protein damage) and lac (constitutive expression) fused to the bacterial operon from Photorhabdus luminescens, were used to describe the mechanism of toxicity of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (1,1-DMH) on bacteria, as well as to determine whether bacteria can sensitively detect the presence of this compound. A clear response to 1,1-DMH was observed only in E. coli carrying the katG’::lux, soxS’::lux, and recA’::lux-containing constructs. Preliminary treatment with catalase of the medium containing 1,1-DMH completely diminished the stress-response of the P_katG, P_recA, and P_soxS promoters. In the strain E. coli (pXen7), which contains a constitutive promoter, the level of cellular toxicity caused by the addition of 1,1-DMH was dramatically reduced in the presence of catalase.It is suggested that the action of 1,1-DMH on bacterial cells is determined by hydrogen peroxide, which is formed in response to reduction of the air oxygen level.