广东景天科植物新记录属——石莲属

报道发现于阳山县的广东省植物新记录属,即景天科石莲属(Sinocrassula Berger),描述新记录种石莲[S. indica(Decne.) Berger]的主要形态特征。凭证标本存放于南方医科大学植物标本馆。     

封面植物介绍——秦岭石蝴蝶

<正>秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis W.T.Wang),隶属于苦苣苔科,石蝴蝶属,是本属分布最北缘的种,为多年生宿根草本。叶7~12枚,具长或短柄;叶片草质,宽卵形、菱状卵形或近圆形,长0.7~3cm,宽0.7~2.8cm,顶端圆形或钝,基部宽楔形,边缘浅波状或有不明显圆齿,两面疏被贴服短柔毛。花序2~6,顶生1花。花萼5裂达基部,外面疏被短柔毛;花冠淡紫色,外面疏被贴服短柔毛,内面在上唇被白色柔毛;花冠筒长约2.8mm,上唇长约4.8mm,2深裂,下唇与上唇近等长,3深裂,所有裂片近长圆形,顶端圆形。     

封面植物介绍——秦岭石蝴蝶

秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis W.T.Wang),隶属于苦苣苔科,石蝴蝶属,是本属分布最北缘的种,为多年生宿根草本。叶7~12枚,具长或短柄;叶片草质,宽卵形、菱状卵形或近圆形,长0.7~3cm,宽0.7~2.8cm,顶端圆形或钝,基部宽楔形,边缘浅波状或有不明显圆齿,两面疏被贴服短柔毛。花序2~6,顶生1花。花萼5裂达基部,外面疏被短柔毛;花冠淡紫色,外面疏被贴服短柔毛,内面在上唇被白色柔毛;花冠筒长约2.8mm,上唇长约4.8mm,2深裂,下唇与上唇近等长,3深裂,所有裂片近长圆形,顶端圆形。     

封面植物介绍——秦岭石蝴蝶

<正>秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis W.T.Wang),隶属于苦苣苔科,石蝴蝶属,是本属分布最北缘的种,为多年生宿根草本。叶7~12枚,具长或短柄;叶片草质,宽卵形、菱状卵形或近圆形,长0.7~3cm,宽0.7~2.8cm,顶端圆形或钝,基部宽楔形,边缘浅波状或有不明显圆齿,两面疏被贴服短柔毛。花序2~6,顶生1花。花萼5裂达基部,外面疏被短柔毛;花冠淡紫色,外面疏被贴服短柔毛,内面在上唇被白色柔毛;花冠筒长约2.8mm,上唇长约4.8mm,2深裂,下唇与上唇近等长,3深裂,所有裂片近长圆形,顶端圆形。     

可产"钻石"的植物——白木香

沉香(agarwood)为热带常绿乔木沉香属(Aquilaria Lam.)植物含树脂的木材,为名贵中药和香料.沉香属植物在全世界约20种,分布于亚洲南部热带亚热带地区[1].其中,白木香[Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.)Spreng.]为中国特有种,亦是《中国药典》收载沉香的正品基原植物,主要分布于海南、广东、云南、广西等地. 白木香又名土沉香、女儿香、莞香,乔木,叶近革质,椭圆形、长圆形或倒卵形,长5～9 cm,先端骤尖,基部宽楔形,上面光亮,两面无毛,侧脉15～20对;叶柄长5～7 mm,被毛;花数朵组成伞形花序;蒴果卵状球形,长2～3 cm,绿色,密被黄色柔毛,2瓣裂,每瓣具1种子;种子褐色,卵球形,长约1 cm,疏被毛,基部附属体长约1.5cm,先端具短尖头[2].     

石蝴蝶属一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶

描述了苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）石蝴蝶属(Petrocosmea Oliv.)一新种——黄斑石蝴蝶(P.xanthomaculata G.Q.Gou et X.Y.Wang)。新种与贵州石蝴蝶（P.cavaleriei Lévl.）相近,但叶多数,20～40枚,叶基心形,花冠白色,在裂片之间具明显黄色斑纹,苞片小,长约1 mm,花柱除上部外密被开展的白色长柔毛而不同。     

紫玉盘

正紫玉盘(Uvaria macrophylla Roxb.)为番荔枝科(Annonaceae)紫玉盘属植物,直立或攀缘灌木。幼枝、幼叶、花序轴或果序轴均被星状柔毛。叶革质,长倒卵形或长椭圆形,长10～23 cm,宽5～11 cm,顶端急尖或钝,基部近心形或圆形。花1～2朵与叶对生,红色,直径2.5～3.5 cm;花瓣6片,2轮,内外轮花瓣相似,卵形,长约2 cm,宽约1.3 cm;雄蕊线形,长约9 mm,药隔卵形,无毛,最外面的雄蕊常退化;心皮长圆形,长约5 mm,每枚心皮有胚珠6～8颗,2列。成熟心皮卵状,长     

假鹰爪

<正>假鹰爪(Desmos chinensis Lour.)隶属于番荔枝科(Annonaceae)假鹰爪属植物,直立或攀缘灌木。叶薄纸质,长圆形或椭圆形,长4～13 cm,宽2～5 cm,顶端钝或急尖,基部楔形至近圆形。花单朵与叶对生或互生,有时顶生;花梗长2～5.5 cm,无毛:萼片卵形;内外轮花瓣长圆形或长圆状披针形,外轮花瓣较大,长达9 cm,宽约2 cm,内轮花瓣长约7 cm,宽约1.5 cm;花托顶端平或略凹陷:雄蕊长圆形,药隔顶端截形;心皮长1～1.5 mm,被长柔毛;果成熟时长2～5cm,具柄;柱头近头状,     

关于二色锦鸡儿与云南锦鸡儿的分类学问题

对二色锦鸡儿(Caragana bicolor Kom.)与云南锦鸡儿(C.franchetiana Kom.)的鉴别特征进行了研究,认为云南锦鸡儿小叶较大(5～9 mm×3～3.5 mm),针刺较长(4～8 cm),花萼一般呈黄褐色,近纸质,萼齿狭三角形,长3 mm,约为萼筒的1/3,而二色锦鸡儿的小叶较小(3～8 mm×2～4 mm),针刺较短(2～3 cm),花萼一般呈深褐色,近革质,萼齿狭披针形,长约为萼筒的2/3或与萼筒近等长.支持赵一之将吉隆锦鸡儿(C.gyirongensis Ni)归并入云南锦鸡儿,同时将产于西藏林芝及云南德钦一带的粗刺锦鸡儿(C.crassispina Marq.)降为云南锦鸡儿的变种,对其做了新组合.     

中国栘木衣属（Docynia Dcne.）一新种——长爪栘木衣

报道了栘木衣属一新种,长爪栘木衣(Docynia longisunguis Q.Luo et J.L.Liu)。该新种与栘木衣(Docynia indica(Will.) Dcne.)和云南栘木衣(Docynia delavayi (Franch.)Schneid.)相似,但以花较大,直径3.5~4 cm,花瓣长20～25 mm,宽12～16 mm,基部具长爪,长5～9 mm,雄蕊46～53;子房5～6（7）,花柱5～6（7）;果径3～4.5 cm,而与它们相区别。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Demographic characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus)

Synopsis In a fourteen month study (May 1976 – June 1977) I examined the following characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus) in Morro Bay, California, U.S.A.: annual and seasonal patterns of abundance, age composition and growth rates, survivorship and mortality patterns, and the reproductive cycle for female gobies. Fishes were collected with the aid of quinaldine and otoliths and ovaries removed. Age and growth rates were estimated from otolith annuli using a back calculation formula and a Brody-Bertalanffy growth curve. Mortality rates were derived using the methods of Heincke (1913), Robson & Chapman (1960), mean age, and a catch curve (Ricker 1975). A gonad index was used to describe the annual reproductive cycle. Results indicated that abundance fluctuated seasonally and that these fluctuations appeared to be caused by reproductive emigrations. Bay gobies reached an age of 7+ and a standard length of 87 mm. Growth was relatively constant (6 mm yr⁻¹) until age 5, at which point it began to decline. The mean rates of survivorship, mortality, and instantaneous mortality were 0.75, 0.25, and 0.29 respectively. Mortality rates for individual age classes ranged from 0.13 to 0.51 and increased with age. This stock appears to reproduce mainly during the winter.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.