嵌合型猪圆环病毒1-2型感染性DNA克隆的构建及其对小鼠的免疫原性

[目的]本研究旨在构建嵌合型猪圆环病毒1-2型感染性DNA克隆.[方法]利用PCR技术扩增PCV2 ORF2,克隆入缺失PCV1 ORF2的pSK-PCV1△ORF2中,得到pSK-sPCV1-2.该重组质粒中包含嵌合型PCV1-2全基因组,通过不完全酶切的方法,将嵌合型PCV1-2全基因组串联入pSK载体中,得到含串联双拷贝的嵌合型PCV1-2感染性DNA克隆.[结果]经序列测定,获得含串联双拷贝的嵌合型PCV1-2感染性DNA克隆.PCV1-2嵌合病毒接种BALB/c小鼠,用间接ELISA方法对接种后7、14、21、28、35、42 d的小鼠进行血清抗体检测.结果显示从接种后14 d开始,即有部分小鼠产生了针对PCV2 Cap蛋白的特异性抗体;至接种后42 d,几乎全部接种小鼠的血清均呈阳性.[结论]构建了PCV1-2型感染性DNA克隆,该嵌合病毒能够激发机体产生体液免疫应答.     

嵌合猪圆环病毒PCV1-2的构建及其感染性初步鉴定

猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV2)是当前严重危害养猪业的重要病原之一。目前,世界上还没有有效疫苗用于该病毒的免疫预防。该研究利用PCR方法,将PCV2的ORF2基因替换猪Ⅰ型圆环病毒(PCV1)的ORF2基因,构建了以PCV1基因组为骨架的嵌合病毒(PCV1-2)分子克隆(pSK2PCV1-2)。将该分子克隆转染PK-15细胞并连续盲传5代,用RT-PCR方法可以在转染后盲传的细胞中检测到PCV1的ORF1 mRNA和PCV2的ORF2 mRNA,但检测不到PCV1的ORF2 mRNA和PCV2的ORF1 mRNA。间接免疫荧光检测显示在盲传第5代的细胞中有PCV2 ORF2蛋白的表达,表达蛋白主要分布于细胞核。该研究初步证实构建的PCV1-2分子克隆转染细胞后可以形成具有感染性的嵌合病毒,从而为更深入研究嵌合病毒生物学特性奠定了基础。     

型内嵌合口蹄疫病毒全长感染性cDNA克隆的构建

【目的】近年来,O型口蹄疫的不断暴发严重危害了我国畜牧业的发展,其病原——O型口蹄疫病毒已演化出3种谱系:中国型猪毒系、泛亚系和缅甸98系。其中中国型猪毒系病毒高度嗜猪,对养猪业危害最大。目前应用的疫苗已不能有效保护中国型猪毒系变异株的流行,这给我国猪口蹄疫的防控带来了极大的困难。为了进一步发展免疫原性好、抗原谱广的猪O型口蹄疫疫苗候选株,本研究以O/HN/93现用疫苗毒株的感染性克隆为骨架,用流行的新猪毒系病毒的部分VP3和VP1基因(主要是替换VP1蛋白上的B-C环和G-H环)替换疫苗毒株的相应部分,构建了嵌合的FMDV全长cDNA克隆。【方法】线化的嵌合全长质粒和表达T7 RNA聚合酶的真核质粒pcDNAT7P共转染BHK-21细胞,体内转录拯救嵌合病毒。【结果】嵌合全长质粒转染BHK-21细胞36h后,出现明显的FMDV致细胞病变效应。对收获的病毒分别用RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光、电子显微镜观察结果证实成功拯救到嵌合的FMDV。拯救的病毒乳鼠致病性试验结果表明该拯救病毒对乳鼠的致病力减弱。该嵌合病毒的成功拯救为研制口蹄疫新型疫苗等奠定了基础。     

A、B型流感病毒HA1嵌合基因疫苗的构建及免疫保护研究

为制备能提供交叉保护的疫苗,本研究在证实A型、B型流感病毒HA1 DNA能够提供抗流感病毒保护的基础上,将编码A型和B型流感病毒HA1的基因构建在同一质粒中,制备成嵌合DNA疫苗.将该重组质粒免疫小鼠,并以致死量同种流感病毒A/PR/8/34或B/Ibaraki/2/85攻击,通过测定小鼠的血清抗HA抗体和保护效果(包括存活率、肺部病毒量和体重丢失率)来评价DNA疫苗的免疫效果.结果表明:A、B型流感病毒HAl嵌合DNA疫苗能保护小鼠抵抗两种致死量流感病毒的攻击,具有提供交叉保护的能力.     

置换HN基因对新城疫病毒LaSota株致病力的影响

[目的]新城疫病毒的血凝素.神经氨酸酶(HN)和融合蛋白(F)在病毒装配、出芽、释放及侵入宿主细胞的过程中发挥关键作用,但HN对病毒致病力的影响程度尚不完全清楚.[方法]为探讨这一问题,本研究以中等毒力毒株Mukteswar的HN基因替换我国广泛应用的LaSota疫苗株HN基因,通过反向遗传操作技术拯救出嵌合病毒(rL-MuHN).[结果]rL-MuHN红细胞吸附能力较亲本株rLaSota无显著升高,具有相似的细胞融合活性;嵌合病毒ICPI由rLaSota株的0.36降为0,MDT≥90,IVPI=0与rLaSota株相同,保持典型低致病力缓发型特点不变.进一步以Mukteswar株F基因替换rL-MuHN的F基因,拯救出F和HN双基因替换嵌合病毒rL-MuFHN,尽管该病毒的细胞融合能力显著提高,但其MDT、ICPI和IVPI分别为98 h,0.59和0,显示F和HN双基因替换仍未能使嵌合新城疫病毒rL-MuFHN的致病力达到中等毒力毒株Mukteswar(MDT、ICPI及IVPI分别为46 h、1.32和0.64)的水平.[结论]试验结果表明,F及HN囊膜蛋白基因之外的病毒基因组骨架背景对病毒的致病性同样具有重要的决定性意义,不同HN蛋白对嵌合病毒的致病能力的影响不同,与供体毒株毒力无关;以流行野毒株HN替代rLaSota疫苗株构建抗原针对性更强的弱毒疫苗株存在技术可行性.     

乙脑/登革2型嵌合病毒的构建

在乙脑病毒SA14-14-2株复制子载体pPartial△prM/E中克隆入DV2(Dengue virus serotype 2)的prM/E基因,构建乙脑/登革2型嵌合体克隆。将嵌合体克隆线性化后体外转录,获得的RNA转染BHK-21细胞,5～7d可观察到CPE。收获病毒上清液分别感染BHK-21细胞及C6/36细胞。接种于C6/36细胞中的嵌合病毒可使细胞出现CPE,RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光和Western blot检测显示:获得的嵌合病毒具有预期嵌合性核酸并能表达DV2的包膜蛋白,但不能在BHK-21细胞中传代培养。成功构建的乙脑/登革2型感染性克隆为进一步研究登革病毒疫苗奠定了基础。     

乙脑/登革4型嵌合病毒的构建及其小鼠神经毒力测定

目的构建以乙型脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)疫苗株SA14-14-2为基因骨架的乙脑/登革4型嵌合病毒,并分析该嵌合病毒对小鼠的神经毒力。方法通过重叠PCR方法扩增含有登革病毒4型(DENV-4)H241株pr ME基因序列和乙型脑炎病毒疫苗株SA14-14-2的NS1蛋白前177个核苷酸的融合片段,用Nar I和Bgl II双酶切后替换乙型脑炎病毒疫苗株SA14-14-2全长克隆中的相应区域,构建成乙脑/登革4型嵌合全长克隆,通过体外转录和转染BHK21细胞获得嵌合病毒(JEV/DENV-4 chimeric virus,JD4)。通过测定嵌合病毒JD4和2个母本株JEV SA14-14-2株及DENV-4 H241株蚀斑大小、小鼠脑内神经毒力和皮下感染入脑能力、乳鼠脑内神经毒力,比较JD4和母本株之间的差异。通过将JD4在原代地鼠肾(primary hamster kidney,PHK)细胞传代30次,分析传代后嵌合病毒的神经毒力是否减弱及减弱的程度。结果测序结果表明,构建的嵌合病毒JD4基因组序列和预期一致,没有产生新的位点突变。JD4蚀斑较SA14-14-2明显偏小,但和DENV-4 H241株没有明显区别。JD4对3周龄小鼠具有较强的脑内神经毒力,和母本株DENV-4 H241没有差异,对小鼠没有神经侵袭力。乳鼠实验结果表明,嵌合病毒JD4脑内神经毒力虽然略低于母本株DENV-4 H241,但两者之间没有明显差异,都明显强于乙脑疫苗株SA14-14-2。在PHK细胞传代30次后,小鼠神经毒力虽然有所减低,但并不明显。结论成功构建了嵌合病毒JD4,通过测定并比较JD4与母本株的蚀斑特征、小鼠及乳鼠神经毒力等试验,为分析登革疫苗候选株安全性研究奠定了基础。     

口蹄疫病毒O/CHN/Mya98/33-P株前导蛋白对病毒感染性的影响

【目的】研究口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)前导蛋白对于病毒感染性的影响。【方法】利用反向遗传操作技术,以O/CHN/93现用疫苗株的感染性克隆为骨架,分别构建了含口蹄疫病毒中国分离株O/CHN/Mya98/33-P和O/CHN/Mya98/HN1前导蛋白的两株嵌合全长cDNA感染性克隆,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测两株不同的嵌合病毒感染猪肾原代细胞后细胞内IFNβ和OAS mRNA的转录情况。【结果】嵌合病毒rOHN1Lab增殖能力较弱,其对应诱导产生的IFNβ和OAS mRNA含量较高,而嵌合毒rO33Lab相对于rOHN1Lab增殖能力较强,他们诱导产生的IFNβ和OAS mRNA含量较低。【结论】研究表明口蹄疫病毒中国分离株O/CHN/Mya98/33-P前导蛋白具有更强的抗IFNβmRNA转录的能力,该研究能够为进一步鉴定FMDV前导蛋白抗宿主先天性免疫的关键性位点奠定基础。     

EV71病毒中和表位和诺如病毒P结构域嵌合蛋白的原核表达

目的:构建肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus71,EV71)的线性中和抗原表位与诺如病毒P结构域融合基因的重组质粒,在大肠杆菌中表达诺如病毒P结构域与EV71中和抗原表位的嵌合蛋白。方法:根据已报道的3个EV71线性中和抗原表位的氨基酸序列,按大肠杆菌密码子表达使用的偏好性优化和设计各线性中和抗原表位的核苷酸序列,将这些表位以单个或不同的组合克隆至含诺如病毒P结构域和GST标签的质粒中,经测序确认后,分别转化到E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,通过IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达。用GST融合蛋白纯化磁珠对融合蛋白进行纯化,最后通过免疫印迹法确认融合蛋白的表达及嵌合蛋白的抗原性。结果:测序结果表明,成功地构建了含EV71病毒3个单表位和4个串联中和抗原表位的诺如病毒P结构域重组质粒,而且这7个含线性中和抗原表位的嵌合蛋白在大肠杆菌中都以可溶形式得到了表达。免疫印迹分析表达蛋白的抗原性结果表明,表达的嵌合蛋白都能与抗诺如病毒P结构域抗血清反应。除了含单表位的SP55和SP28嵌合蛋白外,其它的嵌合蛋白均能与抗EV71病毒的抗血清反应。结论:成功地在大肠杆菌中表达了诺如病毒P结构域和EV71病毒中和抗原表位的嵌合蛋白,且具有抗原性,这为诺如病毒和EV71病毒的二价疫苗及检测方法的研发奠定了基础。     

研究报告Ⅱ型脊灰病毒抗原表位嵌合蛋白的免疫学研究

目的：评价以轮状病毒（RV）重组VP6蛋白为载体插入Ⅱ型脊髓灰质炎病毒（PV2）VP1蛋白上的1个抗原表位构建而成的嵌合蛋白的体外免疫学性质。 方法：采用分子克隆和基因重组技术将PV2抗原表位插入到RV载体蛋白上,在大肠杆菌中表达并用SDS-PAGE确认表达产物,再通过动物免疫、Western blot、免疫荧光和病毒血清抗体中和试验分析嵌合蛋白的免疫学性质。结果：成功构建了以VP6为载体的PV2抗原表位嵌合蛋白6F/PV₂N₁,并且在E.coli系统中高效表达,嵌合蛋白免疫的豚鼠血清抗体对RV和PV2具备较好的中和活性。结论：以RV VP6为载体构建的嵌合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,免疫豚鼠产生血清抗体可中和RV和PV2在体外细胞上的感染;进一步为研发RV/PV2嵌合疫苗提供了较好的基础。     

Zika病毒与Zika病毒病

Zika病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)是一种新现虫媒病毒,属于黄病毒科黄病毒属。其感染后临床表现为轻症发热,因病重住院者罕见。流行病学数据显示Zika病毒病的流行与自身免疫性神经性疾病格林-巴利综合征及先天性小头畸形有关,引起了专家和公众的关注,但具体机制有待深入研究。     

Feline immunodeficiency virus ORF-Ais required for virus particle formation and virus infectivity

The orf-A (orf-2) gene of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a small open reading frame predicted to encode a 77-amino-acid protein that contains putative domains similar to those of the ungulate lentiviral Tat protein. Orf-A is reported to be critical for efficient viral replication in vitro and in vivo. A series of FIV-pPPR-derived proviruses with in-frame deletions and point mutations within orf-A were constructed and tested for replication in feline lymphoid cells. Orf-A mutant proviruses were also tested for viral gene and protein expression, viral particle formation, and virion infectivity. Deletions within orf-A severely restricted FIV replication in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and interleukin-2-dependent T-cell lines. In addition, substitutions of alanines for leucines in the putative leucine-rich domain, for cysteines in the putative cysteine-rich domain, and for a tryptophan at position 43 in Orf-A restricted the replication of FIV mutants. Deletions and point mutations in orf-A imposed a small effect or no effect on FIV long-terminal-repeat-driven viral gene expression and had no effect on viral protein expression. However, release of cell-free, virion-associated viral RNA in supernatants from cells transfected with orf-A mutant proviruses was severely restricted but was rescued by cotransfection with a wild-type Orf-A expression vector. In addition, virions derived from orf-A mutant proviruses expressed reduced infectivity for feline PBMC. Our findings suggest that Orf-A functions involve multiple steps of the FIV life cycle including both virion formation and infectivity. Furthermore, these observations suggest that Orf-A represents an FIV-encoded analog more similar to the accessory gene vpr, vpu, or nef than to the regulatory gene tat encoded by the primate lentiviruses.     

Interaction of cucumber mosaic virus and potato virus y with tobacco mosaic virus

A study was performed on the interaction of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) of potato virus Y (PVY) with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Interference was evaluated using tobacco plantsNicotiana tabacum cv. Java responding to CMV and PVY with a systemic infection and to TMV with local necrotic lesions. The decrease in TMV — induced lesion number gave evidence of a decrease in susceptibility caused by the previous infection with CMV or PVY, the decrease of lesion enlargement demonstrated a decreased TMV reproduction in the plants previously infected with CMV or PVY. The interference concerned was incomplete, as evaluated from reproduction of the challenging TMV and from the decrease in susceptibility of the host to TMV brought about by the first infection with CMV or PVY.     

Reassembly of brome mosaic virus from dissociated virus

The reconstitution of Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) has been studied using neutron scattering. Experiments were performed on disassembled virus without subsequent separation of components. Phase diagrams of the disassembly and subsequent reassembly of BMV were established as a function of pH and LiCl molarity by analytical centrifugation and quasi-elastic light scattering. Disassembly occurs at a pH above 6.5 and above 0.8 M LiCl. On reassembly, if the pH is lowered first, capsids are formed without subsequent incorporation of RNA. Neutron scattering was used to investigate the formation of virus particles, when the ionic strength was lowered from 1.4 to 0.1 M LiCl at pH 7.8. The reconstitution was followed continuously. As it was driven by a lowering of the ionic strength the kinetics of the process cannot be studied for short times. However the fact that at any given ionic strength no evolution of the scattering was observed with time implies that the reconstitution is complete within a few minutes. The observations in buffers with various amounts of D₂O lead to the conclusion that the reassembly is achieved by co-condensation of the RNA and of the capsid proteins.     

Evolutionary relationship of alfalfa mosaic virus with cucumber mosaic virus and brome mosaic virus

The amino acid sequences of the non-structural protein (molecular weight 35,000; 3a protein) from three plant viruses — cucumber mosaic, brome mosaic and alfalfa mosaic have been systematically compared using the partial genomic sequences for these three viruses already available. The 3a protein of cucumber mosaic virus has an amino acid sequence homology of 33.7% with the corresponding protein of brome mosaic virus. A similar protein from alfalfa mosaic virus has a homology of 18.2% and 14.2% with the protein from brome mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus, respectively. These results suggest that the three plant viruses are evolutionarily related, although, the evolutionary distance between alfalfa mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus or brome mosaic virus is much larger than the corresponding distance between the latter two viruses.