Fungi causing plant diseases at jabalpur (M.P.). VIII

Summary This paper describes five foliicolous fungi imperfecti from Jabalpur in India. It includesPhyllosticta hasijai Agarwal on leaves ofAcacia melanoxylon R. Br. andCercospora anisochilicola Agarwal onAnisochilus eriocephalus, two new species,C. jasminicola Mueller &Chupp onJasminum sp. andC. achyranthina Thirum. &Chupp onAchyranthes aspera L., two new records for the state, andPestalotiopsis glandicola (Cast.)Steyaert onCassia tora L., a new addition to the fungus flora of India.     

Two new species of Patellaria from India

Summary The paper deals with two new species ofPatellaria i.e.,Patellaria lantanae sp. nov. onLantana camara L. andPatellaria ipomoeae sp. nov. onIpomoea sp.Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. andAcacia arabica Willd. constitute new host records for the above species.     

On the Lichen generaPlacocarpus andPlacidiopsis (Verrucariaceae)

Verrucaria schaereri (Fr.)Nyl. is accorded generic status asPlacocarpus Trev. emend.O. Breuss. The main differences between the two genera concern the thallus anatomy and the spores which are halonate inPlacocarpus. The following new combinations are proposed:Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.)O. Breuss andPlacidiopsis cinerascens (Nyl.)O. Breuss.     

Contributions of numerical taxonomy toOrnithogalum subg.Beryllis (Hyacinthaceae) in Morocco

In North Africa,Ornithogalum L. subg.Beryllis Baker is represented by three taxa (O. narbonense L.,O. pyrenaicum L., andO. sessiliflorum Desf.), often difficult to identify. 90 individuals from 4 localities were subjected to a biometric study based on 19 morphological characteristics. Several types of multivariate analyses allow a perfect identification of the three species. Studies on the reproductive biology, cytotaxonomy, and ecology supplement these data.     

Die Beeinflussung der Farnsporen-Keimung [Osmunda cinnamomea (L.) undO. claytoniana (L.)] über das Phytochromsystem und die Photosynthese

Summary The control by light of the spore germination ofOsmunda cinnamomea L. andO. claytoniana L. has been investigated.This light control is complex, and in order to investigate this control quantitatively the process of germination had to be divided into at least two stages. The first stage of germination leads to the rupture of the exospore, the second step is characterized by the outgrowth of a rhizoid. In a very few percent of our spore population the first stage can occur in total darkness, the second step however does not ever occur in darkness.In the present paper it has been demonstrated, usingO. cinnamomea spores, that the first step of germination is phytochrome controlled, whereas the second step is under photosynthetic control. This was observed withO. claytoniana by a rough action spectrum and in experiments with a CO₂-less atmosphere.The germinating spores of these two species ofOsmunda show a very similar behaviour as the spores of the mossFunaria hygrometrica (L.) Sibth. (Bauer andMohr 1959). They behave very differently compared with spores of other ferns, e.g.Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, where the whole process of germination is exclusively phytochrome controlled (Mohr 1956).

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Fungi causing plant diseases at Jabalpur (M.P.) XI

Summary In this paper eight foliicolous fungi have been described from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Out of these, two viz.Phoma jasminicola Agarwal &Sahni onJasminum sambac Ait. andPhyllostictina anthocephali Agarwal &Sahni onAnthocephalus indicus Rich. are new species and three, viz.Pestalotia algeriensis (Sacc. &Berl.)Guba onBorassus flabellifer L.,Pestalotia sorbi Pat. onCarissa spinarum A.DC. andBartalinia robillardioides Tassi onJasminum sambac Ait. andCarissa carandas L. are new fungus records for this country.Colletotrichum dematium (Pers. exFr.)Grove onJasminum sambac Ait.,Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.)Spauld. &Schr. onFicus glomerata Roxb. andIchnocarpus frutescens Br. are new host records.Stigmina phaeocarpa (Mitter)Ellis onBauhinia variegata L. is a new fungus record for the state.     

New species of Alternaria from Marathwada (India)

Summary The paper deals with two new species ofAlternaria, Alternaria nyctanthi onNyctanthes arbortristis Linn. andAlternaria tropaeoli onTropaeolum majus L.     

Weitere Untersuchungen über Proteinkörper in Zellkernen und ihre taxonomische Bedeutung

In 83 species of the familiesMonotropaceae, Apocynaceae, Oleaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Campanulaceae, andLiliaceae, protein bodies in the cell nuclei have been found, in 68 of these species for the first time. On the basis of their structure in accordance with morphological characters the generaBurgsdorfia, Hesiodia, Olisia, andPhlomoides of theLamiaceae are accepted;Lamium is divided intoLamium, Lamiastrum andOrvala; two new combinations are established:Kickxia campyloceras (Rech. fil. &Esfandiari)Speta andEtornotus papilionaceus (Burm. in L.)Speta. Deviating shape or lack of protein bodies corroborate former taxonomic decisions, e.g. the transfer ofMonotropa toMonotropaceae or the separation ofGaleopsis andLadanum; Veronica schmidtiana should not be included inPseudolysimachion. Systematic affinities are discussed primarily withinScrophulariaceae because nuclear protein bodies have been studied already in many species of this family. ForCampanula patula two 2 x populations are reported.

Herrn Professor Dr. L.Geitler zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Orchis prisca (Orchidaceae), eine neue Art aus Kreta

Orchis prisca Hautzinger is described as a new diploid species from Crete, related toO. patens andO. spitzelii.

     

Some foliicolous ectoparasites and associated fungi from Jabalpur (M.P.) II

Summary In this paper the author has described eight more interesting foliicolous ectoparasites from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Out of thesePyrenochaeta mitteriellae Sahni an hyperparasite onMitteriella zizyphina Syd. colonising leaves ofZizyphus xylopyra Willd.,Chaetothyrium jasminicola Sahni onJasminum sambac Ait., andMyiocopron parviflorae Sahni onIxora parviflora Vahl are reported as new species.Micropeltis ekmanii Petr. &Cif. on leaves ofCarissa spinarum L.,Asterinella ixorae Ryan on leaves ofIxora parviflora Vahl andPlenotrichum sp. on leaves ofCasearia tomentosa Roxb. are three new fungus records for this country. The remaining two fungi viz.Asterina tonduzi (Speg.)Syd. onFlacourtia ramontchi L'Herr. andBalladynopsis negrii (Cast.) M. B.Ellis onRandia dumetorum Lamk. are new state reocrds.     

Biometrische Untersuchungen an Populationen vonOphrys cornuta,O. holosericea und ihren Hybriden (Orchidaceae)

Population variability ofOphrys holosericea (Burm. f.)Greut. subsp.holosericea (=O. fuciflora Crantz subsp.fuciflora) from near Vienna (Austria), and of subsp.maxima (Fleischm.)Greut. andO. cornuta Steven with intermediates from the Dalmatian island Hvar (Yugoslavia) was analysed and illustrated by scatter diagrams. A hybrid origin of these intermediates is suggested. Aspects of hybridization betweenO. holosericea agg. andO. scolopax agg. are discussed.

     

Neue Taxa vonTillandsia subgenusDiaphoranthema (Bromeliaceae) aus Bolivien und Argentinien

5 new taxa are described and illustrated; their position within the subgenus is discussed:T. hirta W. Till & L. Hromadnik,T. cotagaitensis L. Hromadnik,T. caliginosa W. Till, andT. gilliesii Baker subsp.polysticha W. Till & L. Hromadnik are members of a group includingT. myosura Grisebach exBaker,T. mandonii E. Morren exMez in DC.,T. retorta Grisebach exBaker em.Grisebach andT. andicola Gillies exBaker. T. brealitoensis L. Hromadnik is related toT. angulosa Mez in DC. but distinct and possibly of hybrid origin.

     

Parasites of insects damaging seeds and cones of the European (Larix decidua) and Polish larches (L. polonica) in Poland

It was found thatEupelmus pullus Rusch. parasitized the larvae ofResseliella skuhravyorum Skrzypcz. in Poland. Examination of the ripening seeds and cones ofLarix decidua Mill. andL. polonica Rac. showed that the average larval parasitism was 18.0% and 19.5% respectively. Information on the other parasites of insects damaging seeds and cones ofL. decidua andL. polonica is given.     

Deuteromycetes from Jabalpur-I

Summary In the present paper twelve fungi belonging to the form class Deuteromycetes are described from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Among these the new host records areMonochaetia carissae Munjal &Kapoor onCarissa spinarum L.,Pestalotia neglecta Thuem. onAtylosia scarabaeoides,Benth.,Pestalotia japonica Syd. onCelastrus paniculatus Willd.,Pestalotia theae Sawada var.minor Stey. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Pestalotia versicolor Speg. onBuchanania lanzan Spreng.,Colletotrichum dematium (Pers. exFr.)Grove onAmorphophallus sp.,Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. &Mag.)Bri. &Cav. onCassia tora L.,Coniella diplodiella (Speg.)Petrak &Syd. on.Anogeissus latifolia Wall.,Hendersonula toruloidea Nattrass onPhilodendron bipinnatifidum Schott. andMyrothecium roridum Tode exFr. onCasearia tomentosa roxb. The above fungi include two species (Pestalotia neglecta Thuem. andPestalotia theae Sawada var.minor Stey.) which have been described for the first time from this country.Sphaeropsis tumefasciens Hedges onCitrus medica L. var.acida L. is a new record from this state; andExcipularia narsapurensis Subramanian, also a new record from the state, is reported for the first time on a named host.     

Deuteromycetes from jabalpur-II

Summary In this paper eighteen fungi belonging to the form class Deuteromycetes are described from Jabalpur (M.P.) India. Of these one, viz.Sarcinella palawanensis (Syd.)V. P. Sahni (=Stigmella palawanensis Syd.) is described as a new combination. Among the new fungus records for India may be citedSeptoria cassiicola Kell. &Swingle onCassia fistula L.,Coniothyrium fuckelii Sacc. onAnogeissus latifolia Wall.,Phomopsis bakeri Syd. onFicus bengalensis L.,Cercospora woodfordiae Petch. onWoodfordia fruticosa (L.)Kurz.,Cercospora guanicencis Young onCaesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., andCercospora chevalieri P. Saccardo onAmorphophallus companulatus Blume.Phyllosticta buteae Syd. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Colletotrichum dracaenae-fragrentis (Mori)Petrak &Sydow onDracaena brachystachys Hook.,Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. &Curt.)M. B. Ellis onCassia fistula L. andCassia tora L.,Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.)Link. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze andCercospora bougainvilleae P. N. Rao onBougainvillea glabra Choisy are new state records.Discosia artocreas Tode exFr. onHolarrhena antidysentrica Wall.,Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.)Butler &Bisby onButea monosperma (Lam.)Kuntze,Alternaria tenuis Nees exFr. onYucca alofolia L.,Alternaria tenuissima (Nees exFr.)Wiltshire onBougainvillea glabra Choisy, andCurvularia lunata (Wakker)Boed. onCassia tora L. are new host records.     

Tillandsia marconae — eine neue Art aus der peruanischen Küstenwüste

T. marconae is described as a new species from the Peruvian coastal desert. Its systematic position betweenT. paleacea Presl em.L. B. Smith andT. purpurea Ruiz & Pavon is discussed.

     

Pollination biology ofOpuntia polyacantha andOpuntia phaeacantha (Cactaceae) in southern Colorado

The phenology, compatibility system, and pollinator fauna ofOpuntia polyacantha Haw. andO. phaeacantha Engelm. in southern Colorado were studied and compared. The total blooming periods overlap, but the peak of blooming differs between the species withO. polyacantha blooming first and for longer. Neither species is apomictic,O. polyacantha is largely self-incompatible andO. phaeacantha is self-compatible but may not automatically fully self-pollinate. Examination of flowering structures showed that the former has larger flowers with more perianth parts and heavier (but fewer) anthers. Further the flowers of the allogamous species are visited by greater diversity (but similar abundance) of pollinators. Medium to large bees of the generaDiadasia, Lithurge, Melissodes, Bombus, Agapostemon andMegachile were found to be effective pollinators of the Opuntias studied. The two species were compared as to their floral attributes, breeding systems, and pollinators, and the possible role of competition for pollinators is discussed with respect to its role in their evolutionary paths.     

Utilization ofd-amino acids byFusobacterium nucleatum andFusobacterium varium

Summary The utilization ofd- andl -amino acids with acidic, basic or polar side chains was demonstrated by HPLC. Two species of the anaerobeFusobacterium utilized D-lysine and the L isomers of glutamate, glutamine, histidine, lysine and serine. OnlyF. varium usedl-arginine,d-glutamate andd-serine as substrates, whereasF. nucleatum specifically utilizedd-histidine andd-glutamine.d-Glutamate accumulated in F. nucleatum cultures supplemented withd-glutamine, and ornithine was detected when eitherdl- orl-arginine was included inF. varium cultures. Based on literature precedents,d-glutamate andd-histidine are isomerized to their L isomers prior to degradation, but separate catabolic pathways are possible for each enantiomer of lysine and serine.     

Microorganisms of thePleuropneumonia group (family ofMycoplasmataceae) in man

Summary Sixty one strains of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (P.P.L.O.) have been isolated in man: 25 from the discharge of patients with urogenital disorders, 13 from women who were pregnant or who had borne a child 6 weeks previously. In women the frequency of positive cultures increased with the disappearance of Lactobacilli. Twenty three strains were cultivated from the buccal mucosa of 27 healthy subjects. Classification by means of cultural appearance and biochemical behaviour allowed of differentiation into 4 groups, three of which were in conformity with three species ofMycoplasma described byEdward andFreundt. The only difference as compared with this latter classification is that with our methodM. fermentans andM. salivarius regularl gave clearcut hemolysis, which was not found byEdward. Two urogenital strains which grew well on not specially enriched media could not be identified.     

A new species ofLiparis (Orchidaceae) from India

Liparis indiraii spec. nova from India is close toL. alata A. Rich. andL. atropurpurea Lindl.