中国石龙子精子形成的超微结构研究

采用透射电镜观察中国石龙子精子的形成过程。结果表明:早期精细胞中有高尔基复合体和线粒体集合,由高尔基复合体所分泌的前顶体囊泡,逐渐向核移动,以后的过程可分为四个时期。时期Ⅰ:前顶体囊泡移至核膜时,核膜凹陷形成封闭的顶体囊泡,囊泡底部靠近核膜处有一电子致密的顶体颗粒,近端中心粒及鞭毛开始出现。时期Ⅱ:顶体囊泡变扁平,细胞核延长,染色质浓缩成短丝状的染色质纤维。时期Ⅲ:核进一步延长,染色质纤维变粗变长,按核纵向排列有序。时期Ⅳ:染色质纤维浓缩至最大限度,电子透明的核质消失,核呈高电子致密,顶体复合体发育完全。     

半滑舌鳎精子发生和精子形成的超微结构

用电子显微镜对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)精子发生的过程及精子的超微结构进行了观察。半滑舌鳎精巢属于小叶型,精小叶由各期生精细胞和支持细胞构成。半滑舌鳎的精子发生经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和精子细胞,再经过精子形成过程发育成为精子。初级精母细胞成熟分裂的前期Ⅰ,同源染色体经历了联会复合体形成和解聚的变化。在精子形成的过程中,精细胞大致经历了核质浓缩、线粒体迁移及鞭毛的发生等过程。核质浓缩时,精细胞核内位于植入窝周围的染色质首先由细颗粒状浓缩成粗大颗粒状,然后细胞核其他部位的染色质也逐渐浓缩成粗大颗粒状。这些已浓缩成粗大颗粒状的染色质再进一步浓缩为电子密度高的均匀状物质。随着核质的浓缩,核外膜与核内膜之间的间隙增大形成核膜间隙,核内一些没有参与染色质浓缩的物质通过出芽形成囊泡,先排入核膜间隙,然后再外排到细胞质中。核浓缩过程中细胞核的体积和表面积都大大缩小;鞭毛的形成与细胞核的浓缩是同步进行的,当一对中心粒移近细胞核时,核膜凹陷形成植入窝,其周围染色质浓缩的同时,远端中心粒(基体)逐渐向后产生轴丝。成熟精子无顶体,头细长,主要为核占据,核凹窝发达,线粒体4-5个环绕在鞭毛基部形成袖套,尾细长,具侧鳍,尾部轴丝为"9 2"结构。     

中国雨蛙精子形成的研究

中国雨蛙的精子形成过程中,细胞核的浓缩经历了５个时期。从第１期进入第２期,染色质纤维增粗并聚集成卷曲的柱状结构。从第２期进入第３期,染色质纤维进一步增粗,细胞核逐渐伸直成柱状。进入第４期,染色质紧密聚集,纤维之间间隙很小。进入第５期,染色质纤维聚集成均匀的致密结构。伴随着染色质的浓缩,核膜数次更新,核内不参与浓缩的物质渐次从核中排出,核中出现一串核泡。顶体在染色质未浓缩之前（第１期）开始分化,由一     

无蹼壁虎精子头部形成的研究

本文用透射电镜观察了无蹼壁虎精子头形成的过程。早期精细胞具有显著的高尔基复合体、线粒体集合及细胞质桥、接着高尔基体成熟面分泌出前顶体囊泡,并逐渐向核移动。以后精子形成可分四个时间：时间Ⅰ,当前顶体囊泡移至核膜时,核膜凹陷形成封闭的顶体囊泡,囊泡底部靠近核膜有一电子致密的顶体颗粒;时间Ⅱ,细胞核延长,顶体囊泡变扁平;时期Ⅲ,细胞核进一步延长,核内染色质纤维变粗并沿核纵轴方向排列有序;时间Ⅳ,精子发育     

香螺精子发生及精子超微结构

本文采用透射电镜技术对香螺(NpatunedecumingiCrosse)精子发生过程进行了观察。结果表明,精原细胞胞质中含有大量的线粒体;初、次级精母细胞的细胞核和大量的线粒体呈极性分布;精子细胞分化过程中,细胞核形态、核内物质以及线粒体的形态发生显著变化;细胞核的核质由不均匀颗粒状浓缩成纤丝状,再浓缩成细线形,最后呈致密均匀状态,细胞核由近圆形伸长为粗线形,具有核后窝;在细胞核后端有8个膨大的线粒体,由卵圆形变为螺旋形,弯曲盘绕在轴丝外部,形成精子的中段;根据细胞核和线粒体的变化特点,将精子形成分为早、中、后三个时期。香螺典型性精子属于进化型,头部呈线形,中段加长,糖原颗粒包围轴丝构成主段。在精子发生过程中,细胞质内没有发达的高尔基复合体和前顶体池,没有观察到香螺精子的顶体。在成熟个体的精巢内,同时存在不具有受精能力的畸变精子。     

乌梢蛇精子头部形成的超微结构

摘要：为了解乌梢蛇（Zaocys dhumnades）精子形成的规律,用透射电镜对其头部超微结构进行了观察。结果表明,乌梢蛇精子头部形成可分为4个阶段：阶段Ⅰ,前顶体囊泡内的颗粒物质融合形成1个顶体颗粒而发育为顶体囊泡,随着顶体囊泡的增大,在顶体囊泡与核膜之间形成了致密的纤维物质层。阶段Ⅱ,顶体囊泡变扁平,顶体颗粒分散...     

大鲵精子的超微结构研究

本文运用透射电镜和扫描电镜研究了大鲵(Andrias davidianus)精子的超微结构,大鲵精子由头部(head),中片(midpiece)和尾部(tail)三部分组成。头部有棒状细胞核,核内染色质高度浓缩,细胞核前方呈细丝状,但非顶体结构。头部后端凹陷,称为植入窝(implantation fossa),植入窝内有线粒体和中心粒等细胞器结构,此区域为精子的中片。精子尾部细长,主要由轴丝和附属纤维(accessory fiber)组成,轴丝的外面具有波动膜。     

黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)精子的超微结构

黄颡鱼精子由头部、中段和鞭毛(尾部)三部分组成。头部的主要结构是细胞核。核中浓缩了的染色质呈颗粒状。染色质中有核泡存在。核泡中有致密颗粒状物。植入窝里井状,从核后端往前深陷入核的中央。中段的中心粒复合体位于植入窝中,结构独特。近端中心粒和基体首尾相对,排在同一直线上。某些精子的近端中心粒的中央腔中能见到一、二个粗大的颗粒状物。基体的中央腔中有一对中央微管。近端中心粒和基体之间有中心粒间体将两者隔开。中段的袖套连接于细胞核之后,其中分布着线粒体和一些囊泡。近袖套内膜处的细胞质中有一层膜与袖套内膜平行。鞭毛细长,其起始端位于袖套腔中。鞭毛上长有两排侧鳍。侧鳍呈波纹状,分居轴丝两侧,大致与轴丝的两条中央微管同在一个平面上。侧鳍的基部有囊泡。     

尼罗罗非鱼精子形成中核内囊泡的释放

通过透射电镜观察了尼罗罗非鱼的精子形成过程。尼罗罗非鱼精子细胞在成熟过程中,细胞核中出现由双层生物膜构成的囊泡。囊泡中均匀分布着电子密度低的物质。该囊泡逐渐从细胞核内排到细胞核外。在此过程中细胞核不但排出不参与染色质浓缩的物质,还将多余的核膜排出。进入袖套的囊泡可以留在精子的袖套中,而排到核前方和核侧面的囊泡继续以出芽的方式排出精子细胞。尼罗罗非鱼成熟精子的头部仅有染色质高度浓缩的细胞核。细胞核前     

黄颡鱼（Pseudobagrus fulvidraco）精子的超微结构

黄颡鱼精子由头部、中段和鞭毛（尾部）三部分组成。头部的主要结构是细胞核。核中浓缩了染色质呈颗粒状、染色质吸核泡存在,核泡中有致密颗粒状物。植入窝呈井状,从核的端往前深陷入核的中央,中段的中心粒复合体位于植入窝中,结构独特。近端中心粒和基体首尾相对,排在同一直线上。某些精子的近端中心粒的中央腔中能见一、二个粗大的颗粒状物。基体的中央腔中的一对中央微管。近端中心粒和基体之间有中心粒间体将两者隔开。中段     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.