分子对接的随机聚点搜索算法

随机聚点搜索算法是一种普遍的全局极小化方法,在目标函数自变量数目不很大时,计算效率较高。将该算法应用于分子对接,首先要通过模型分子对接,反复调整算法各控制参数使效率最高。对于HIV－1蛋白酶与苯甲醚配体的刚性对接,算法成功的找到了相互作用能量全局极小,与晶体结构的均方根偏差(RMSD)仅0.2?。这表明,该算法可高效率找到分子对接的能量最适构型。     

蛋白质-蛋白质分子对接方法研究进展

蛋白质分子间相互作用与识别是21世纪生命科学研究的前沿和热点.分子对接方法是研究这一课题有效的计算机模拟手段.通常,蛋白质-蛋白质分子对接包括四个阶段:搜索受体与配体分子间的结合模式,过滤对接结构以排除不合理的结合模式,优化结构,用精细的打分函数评价、排序对接模式并挑选近天然构象.结合国内外研究蛋白质-蛋白质分子对接方法进展和本研究小组的工作,对以上四个环节做了详细的综述.另外,还分析了目前存在的主要问题,并提出对未来工作的展望.     

蛋白质与类药分子的柔性对接

本文利用“禁忌搜索”算法和Ｇｅｈｌｈａａｒ简化能量势函数实现蛋白质与类药分子之间的柔性对接。对包含１００个复合物的检验集进行了计算检验,得到了满意的结果,８９％预测复合物结构的误差小于０．２５ｎｍ。与利用遗传算法进行柔性对接的ＧＯＬＤ程序相比,本方法的成功率高,局限性小,计算时间也短。     

面向虚拟筛选的GPU加速的分子对接方法

虚拟筛选是在计算机上对化合物分子进行模拟预筛选,找出容易和药物靶标结合的小分子(配体),从而降低实际实验测试次数,提高药物先导化合物的发现效率。常用的分子对接软件可以用于基于结构的虚拟筛选,寻找配体与靶标的最佳的作用模式和结合构象,并通过打分函数来筛选出潜在的配体。现有的对接软件如AutoDock Vina等在分子对接过程中需要耗费大量时间和计算资源,特别是面对大规模分子对接时,过长的筛选时间不能满足应用需求,因此,本文在最高效的QVina2对接软件基础上,提出一种基于GPU的QVina 2并行化方法QVina2-GPU,利用GPU硬件高度并行体系加速分子对接。具体包括增加初始化分子构象数量,以扩展蒙特卡罗的迭代局部搜索中线程的并行规模,增加蒙特卡罗的迭代搜索的广度以减少每次蒙特卡罗迭代搜索深度,并利用Wolfe-Powell准则改进局部搜索算法,提高了对接精度,进一步减少蒙特卡罗迭代搜索深度,最后,在NVIDIA Geforce RTX 3090平台上在公开的配体数据库上验证了QVina2-GPU的性能,实验表明在保证分子对接精度的基础上,我们提出的QVina2-GPU对Qvina2的平均加速比达到5.18倍,最大加速比达到12.28倍。     

蛋白质复合物结构预测的集成分子对接方法

蛋白质分子间相互作用与识别是当前生命科学研究的热点,分子对接方法是研究这一问题的有效手段．为了推进分子对接方法的发展,欧洲生物信息学中心组织了国际蛋白质复合物结构预测（CAPRI）竞赛．通过参加CAPRI竞赛,逐步摸索出了一套用于蛋白质复合物结构预测的集成蛋白质一蛋白质分子对接方法HoDock,它包括结合位点预测、初始复合物结构采集、精细复合物结构采集、结构成簇和打分排序以及最终复合物结构挑选等主要步骤．本文以最近的CAPRI Target 39为例,具体说明该方法的主要步骤和应用．该方法在CAPRI Target 39竞赛中取得了比较好的结果,预测结构Model 10是所有参赛小组提交的366个结构中仅有的3个正确结构之一,其配体均方根偏差（L_Rmsd）为0．25nm．在对接过程中,首先用理论预测和实验信息相结合的方法来寻找蛋白质结合位点残基,确认CAPRI Target 39A链的A31TRP和A191HIS,B链的B512ARG和B531ARG为可能结合位点残基．同时,用ZDock程序做不依赖结合位点的初步全局刚性对接．然后,根据结合位点信息进行初步局部刚性对接,从全局和局部对接中挑出了11个初始对接复合物结构．进而,用改进的Rosetta Dock程序做精细位置约束对接,并对每组对接中打分排序前200的结构进行成簇聚类．最后,综合分析打分、成簇和结合位点三方面的信息,得到10个蛋白质复合物结构．竞赛结果表明,A191HIS,B512ARG和B531ARG三个结合位点残基预测正确,提交的10个蛋白质复合物结构中有5个复合物受体一配体界面残基预测成功率较高．与其他参赛小组的对接结果比较,表明HoDock方法具有一定优势．这些结果说明我们提出的集成分子对接方法有助于提高蛋白质复合物结构预测的准确率．     

蛋白质-蛋白质分子对接方法中分子柔性处理与近天然结构筛选的研究

蛋白质-蛋白质分子对接方法是研究蛋白质分子间相互作用与识别的重要理论方法。该方法主要涉及复合物结合模式的构象搜索和近天然结构的筛选两个问题。在构象搜索中,分子柔性的处理是重点也是难点,围绕这一问题,近年来提出了许多新的方法。针对近天然结构的筛选问题,目前主要采用三种解决策略:结合位点信息的利用、相似结构的聚类和打分函数对结构的评价。本文围绕以上问题,就国内外研究进展和本研究小组的工作作详细的综述,并对进一步的研究方向进行了展望。     

米曲霉木糖醇脱氢酶的分子模建与对接

[目的]研究米曲霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的结构与功能.[方法]克隆测序来源于米曲霉的木糖醇脱氢酶(XDH)基因,利用Swiss-MODEL和Modeller对XDH进行三级结构模建,通过PROCHECK和Prosa2003对得到的4个目标模型进行评价,从中得到一个最佳模型.在同源建模的基础上,通过分子对接软件MolsoftICM-Pro,对辅因子进行对接,预测了XDH与NAD+、Zn2+作用的相关残基.寻找底物木糖醇与XDH结合的可能活性口袋,用Molsoft模拟XDH与木糖醇的对接,预测了酶与底物作用的关键氨基酸残基.[结果]结构分析显示,米曲霉XDH含有醇脱氢酶家族锌指纹结构和典型醇脱氢酶Rossmann折叠的辅酶结合域,属于Medium-chain脱氢酶(MDR)家族.通过对接研究,预测了XDH与NAD+之间形成氢键的氨基酸有Asp206、Arg211、Ser255、Ser301和Arg303,这些氨基酸位于结合域,与Zn2+形成氢键的氨基酸有His72和Glu73,位于催化域,与天然底物木糖醇形成氢键的氨基酸有Ile46、Ile349、Lys350和Thr351,位于催化域.[结论]所得信息对XDH分子定向改造、拓展米曲霉工业应用范围有重要意义.     

FitDockApp：基于模板的分子对接PyMOL插件图形化计算软件

目的 分子对接在预测分子之间的结合模式和亲和力方面起着至关重要的作用,是计算结构生物学和计算机辅助药物设计研究的重要方法。本研究团队近期开发了一款基于模板的新型对接方法FitDock,当存在近似的蛋白质配体模板时,它在准确性和速度方面都超过了业界常用的分子对接方法。为了增强FitDock方法的可用性,使其在分子模拟领域得到更广泛的应用,很有必要发展图像化的软件工具。方法 基于Python图像化编程,本文开发了FitDockApp,这是分子可视化软件PyMOL的插件软件。结果 FitDockApp能够通过操作窗口界面,实现基于模板的分子对接和配体结构比对,实时显示预测三维结构,并提供将对接文件上传到实验室服务器获取最优模板的便利。此外,FitDockApp还具备批量对接功能。结论 FitDockApp通过用户友好的界面简化了对接过程,并提供丰富的功能,帮助研究人员获得精确的对接结果。FitDockApp是一款免费软件,兼容Windows和Linux系统,可在http://cao.labshare.cn/fitdock/下载。     

分子对接在基于结构药物设计中的应用

分子对接是研究分子间（如配体如受体）相互作用,并预测其结合模式和亲合力的一种理论模拟方法。近年来,分子对接方法已成为计算机辅助药物研究领域的一项重要技术,在数据库搜寻,组合库设计及蛋白作用研究方面得到了广泛发展。     

结合分子相似性、药效团和分子对接筛选新的HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂

结合分子相似性、药效团和分子对接建立兼顾计算效率和预测准确度的HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂筛选方法。首先通过对现有HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂分子进行相似性分析,选取代表性的HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂作为模板分子,构建和优化药效团模型,并从1万个化合物中优先筛选出500个化合物。而后采用分子对接方法进一步考察化合物与HIV-1蛋白酶结合情况,得到4个新的活性候选化合物,并进行其结合自由能计算和抗突变性分析。结果表明新候选化合物ST025723和HIV-1蛋白酶表现出较好的相互作用和抗突变性,具有深入研究的价值,同时也证明分子相似性、药效团和分子对接相结合能够快速有效地发现新颖活性候选化合物。     

计算机模拟短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶与底物木聚糖的对接

克隆测序短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)木聚糖酶基因,在同源建模所得三维结构的基础上寻找底物结合可能的活性口袋,用计算机模拟其与底物木聚糖的对接,预测酶与催化反应过程的关键氨基酸残基。所得的信息对木聚糖酶的定向改造有重要意义。     

Molecular Docking Study of Beta-Glucosidase with Cellobiose,Cellotetraose and Cellotetriose

Beta-glucosidase (3.2.1.21) plays an essential role in the removal of non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues from glycosides. Recently, beta-glucosidase has been of interest for biomass conversion that acts in synergy with two other enzymes, endoglucanase and exo-glucanase. However, there is not much information available on the catalytic interactions of beta-glucosidase with its substrates. Thus, this study reports on the binding modes between beta-glucosidase from glycoside hydrolase family 1 namely BglB with cellobiose, cellotetraose and cellotetriose via molecular docking simulation. From the results, the binding affinities of BglB-cellobiose, BglB-cellotetraose, and BglB-cellotetriose complexes were reported to be -6.2kJ/mol , -5.68 kJ/mol and -5.63 kJ/mol, respectively. The detail interactions were also been investigated that revealed the key residues involved in forming hydrogen bonds (h-bond) with the substrates. These findings may provide valuable insigths in designing beta-glucosidase with higher cellobiose-hydrolyzing efficiency.     

Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Derivatives as Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Kinetic Studies and Molecular Docking

A dozen of phosphonic and phosphinic acid derivatives containing pyridine moiety were synthesized and its inhibitory activity toward mushroom tyrosinase was investigated. Moreover, molecular docking of these compounds to the active site of the enzyme was performed. All the compounds ( 1 – 10 ) demonstrated the inhibitory effect with the IC₅₀ and inhibition constants ranging millimolar concentrations. The obtained results indicate that the compounds show different types of inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, mixed), but all of them are reversible inhibitors. The obtained outcomes allowed to make the structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis. Compound 4 ([(benzylamino)(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]phenylphosphinic acid) revealed the lowest IC₅₀ value of 0.3 mm and inhibitory constant of K_i 0.076 mm , with noncompetitive type and reversible mechanism of inhibition. According to SAR analysis, introducing bulky phenyl moieties to phosphonic and amino groups plays an important role in the inhibitory potency on activity of mushroom tyrosinase and could be useful in design and development of a new class of potent organophosphorus inhibitors of tyrosinase. Combined results of molecular docking and SAR analysis can be helpful in designing novel tyrosinase inhibitors of desired properties. They may have broad application in food industry and cosmetology.     

Design,Synthesis, Insecticidal Activities and Molecular Docking of Sulfonamide Derivatives Containing Propargyloxy or Pyridine Groups

The discovery of new highly active molecules from natural products is a common method to create new pesticides. Celangulin V targeting Mythimna separate (M. separate) midgut V-ATPase H subunit, has received considerable attention for its excellent insecticidal activity and unique mechanism of action. Therefore, combined with our preliminary work, thirty-seven sulfonamide derivatives bearing propargyloxy or pyridine groups were systematically synthesized to search for insecticidal candidate compounds with low cost and high efficiency on the H subunit of V-ATPase. Bioactive results showed that compounds A2-A4 and A6-A7 exhibited a better bioactivity with median effective concentration (LC₅₀) values (2.78, 3.11, 3.34, 3.54 and 2.48 mg/mL, respectively) against third-instar larvae of M. separate than Celangulin V (LC₅₀=18.1 mg/mL). Additionally, molecular docking experiments indicated that these molecules may act on the H subunit of V-ATPase. Based on the above results, these compounds provide new ideas for the discovery of insecticides.     

决明查尔酮合成酶的同源模建和分子模拟对接

查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)是植物中类黄酮生物合成途径的关键酶,其催化对-香豆酰辅酶A和丙二酸单酰辅酶A发生缩合反应.本研究以苜蓿CHS的晶体为模板,利用同源建模构建决明CHS的三维模型.经过动力学优化后,决明CHS的三维模型与苜蓿CHS的结构极为相似,主要由α-螺旋和β-折叠构成,其中有13个α螺旋,占32.82％,15个β折叠,占19.23％,无规则卷曲占47.95％.模型验证结果表明决明CHS的三维模型具有合理的立体化学性质与氨基酸相容性.决明CHS含有两个重要的结构域:对-香豆酰辅酶A结合域与丙二酸单酰辅酶A结合域.决明CHS与对-香豆酰辅酶A、丙二酸单酰辅酶A的结合主要通过氢键与范德华力.决明CHS中Cys164、His303与活性中心的H2O能够形成电子传递体系,参与对-香豆酰辅酶A形成CHS-对-香豆酰基中间产物.本研究结果为利用此类CHS三维模型研究其催化机理和分子工程改造奠定基础.     

Deoxyribonuclease I Inhibitory Properties,Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of 1-(Pyrrolidin-2-yl)propan-2-one Derivatives

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) inhibitory properties of two 1-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)propan-2-one derivatives were examined in vitro. Determined IC₅₀ values of 1-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]propan-2-one ( 1 ) (192.13±16.95 μM) and 1-[1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]propan-2-one ( 2 ) (132.62±9.92 μM) exceed IC₅₀ value of crystal violet, used as a positive control, 1.89- and 2.73-times, respectively. Compounds are predicted to be nontoxic and to have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, with high gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that interactions with Glu 39, Glu 78, Arg 111, Pro 137, Asp 251 and His 252 are an important factor for inhibitors affinity toward the DNase I. Determined inhibitory properties along with predicted ADMET profiles and observed interactions would be beneficial for the discovery of new active 1-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)propan-2-one-based inhibitors of DNase I.     

酚类抑制剂抗5-脂氧合酶的分子对接研究

目的:研究抗5-脂氧合酶酚类抑制剂的结构活性关系及作用机制。方法:构建7个抗5-脂氧合酶阳性酚类抑制剂分子库,利用Autodock 4.2和iGEMDOCK 2.1软件包对受体与抑制剂进行模拟对接研究并计算结合自由能。结果:用Autodock 4.2、iGEMDOCK 2.1计算得到的结合自由能与抑制剂的抑制活性之间都存在良好的相关性,它们的决定系数(R2)依次为0.856 64和0.784 41,标准误差(SD)分别为0.430 92和5.323 35,P值分别为0.002 79和0.007 98;配体与受体之间形成的氢键在决定配体在受体活性部位的构象及定位中起重要作用,但两者结合的主要驱动力为范德华作用力;具有碳氧双键及与该双键共轭的碳碳双键的多环酚类化合物有较强的抗5-脂氧合酶活性。结论:Autodock 4.2比iGEMDOCK 2.1预测抗5-脂氧合酶酚类抑制剂的能力强;具有碳氧双键及与该双键共轭的碳碳双键的多环酚类化合物有较强的抗5-脂氧合酶活性。     

Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Combined to Analyze the Molecular and Pharmacological Mechanism of Pinellia ternata in the Treatment of Hypertension

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that causes great harm to health and life, affecting the function of important organs and accompanied by a variety of secondary diseases, which need to be treated with drugs for a long time. P. ternata alone or combination with western medicine has played an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. Although P. ternata is used clinically to treat hypertension, its functional molecular mechanism and pharmacological mechanism have not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, the potentially effective components, and targets of P. ternata in the treatment of hypertension were screened by the method of network pharmacology, and the mechanism of P. ternata in the treatment of hypertension was analyzed by constructing a component-target relationship network, PPI interaction network, targets’ function analysis, and molecular docking. In the study, 12 potentially effective components and 88 targets were screened, and 3 potential protein modules were found and analyzed after constructing a PPI network using targets. In addition, 10 targets were selected as core targets of the PPI network. After that, the targets were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Finally, the molecular docking method is used to study the interaction between the targets and the active components. The above evidence shows that the mechanism of P. ternata in the treatment of hypertension is complicated, as it acts in many ways, mainly by affecting nerve signal transmission, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, calcium channels, and so on. The binding between targets and active components mainly depends on Pi bonds and hydrogen bonds. Using the method of network pharmacology and molecular docking to analyze the mechanism of P. ternata in the treatment of hypertension will help to provide a better scientific basis for the combined use of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, and will better help to improve the quality of P. ternata and point out its direction.     

Antimicrobial Pyridazines: Synthesis,Characterization, Cytotoxicity,Substrate Promiscuity,and Molecular Docking

A facile and convenient synthesis of new pyridazines suitable for use as antimicrobial agents was reported. The hydrazide intermediate was coupled with various benzaldehydes and/or acetophenones and cyclized instantaneously to afford target pyridazine derivatives. The structures of new pyridazines were confirmed by IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, elemental analysis in addition to representative LC/MS. Antimicrobial activity was screened against 10 bacterial and fungal strains. The new pyridazines showed strong to very strong antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative (GNB) bacteria, while none of them showed significant antifungal activity at the same concentration range. Chloro derivatives exhibited the highest antibacterial activity with MICs (0.892–3.744 μg/mL) lower than that of chloramphenicol (2.019–8.078 μg/mL) against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens. Prediction of ADME parameters, pharmacokinetics, and substrate promiscuity revealed that these new pyridazines could be promising drug candidates. Cytotoxic studies on rat hepatocytes showed how much safe these new pyridazines on living organisms (IC₅₀>64 μg/mL). MOE docking studies showed a good overlay of these new pyridazines with co‐crystallized ligand within an E. coli DNA gyrase subunit B active sites (4KFG).