High-Fidelity Translation of Recombinant Human Hemoglobin in Escherichia coli

Coexpression of di-α-globin and β-globin in Escherichia coli in the presence of exogenous heme yielded high levels of soluble, functional recombinant human hemoglobin (rHb1.1). High-level expression of rHb1.1 provides a good model for measuring mistranslation in heterologous proteins. rHb1.1 does not contain isoleucine; therefore, any isoleucine present could be attributed to mistranslation, most likely mistranslation of one or more of the 200 codons that differ from an isoleucine codon by 1 bp. Sensitive amino acid analysis of highly purified rHb1.1 typically revealed ≤0.2 mol of isoleucine per mol of hemoglobin. This corresponds to a translation error rate of ≤0.001, which is not different from typical translation error rates found for E. coli proteins. Two different expression systems that resulted in accumulation of globin proteins to levels equivalent to ~20% of the level of E. coli soluble proteins also resulted in equivalent translational fidelity.     

重组人载脂蛋白AI米兰突变体在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

载脂蛋白AI米兰突变体(apoliproteinA-I-Milano ,AIM)是载脂蛋白AI的天然突变体,具有比载脂蛋白AI更强的抗动脉粥样硬化症的作用。将AIM基因N_末端的氨基酸密码子优化后,克隆至表达载体pET2 2b ,重组质粒转化BL2 1(DE3)宿主菌,用IPTG诱导表达。AIM以可溶形式表达,约占菌体总蛋白的38%。表达产物经ButylSepharose 4F .F疏水层析和QSepharoseH .P .阴离子交换层析后,再用Vivaspin2 0 (30 0 0 0MW)进行超滤,AIM单体的纯度达95 %以上。AIM单体与脂结合活性表明,AIM单体结合脂的速度比apoA_I慢,但结合脂的量比apoA_I高。这项研究为AIM的结构和功能,特别是临床应用研究奠定了基础。     

Scytovirin在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达

目的:获得Scytovirin(SVN)蛋白及其多克隆抗体.方法:按照NCBI上公布的SVN基因序列设计合成引物,合成SVN基因,构建pET32c-SVN原核表达重组质粒,经限制性酶切分析、DNA序列测定插入片段正确;将该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达;用离子交换层析法及金属亲合层析法纯化蛋白,采用Tris-Tricine系统分析;以经过纯化的蛋白为抗原免疫白兔,制备SVN多克隆抗体.结果:对表达产物进行了分离纯化,SVN纯度达到91%;用纯化的样品制备了多克隆抗体,抗血清效价为1∶102 400.结论:SVN在大肠杆菌表达系统中获得了高效可溶表达,并制备了其多克隆抗体,为进一步深入研究SVN提供了材料.     

A DNA Region That Complements on Escherichia coli cysG Mutation in Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans AP19-3 has a novel NADH-dependent sulfite reductase in the periplasmic space. The gene responsible for the appearance of NADH-dependent sulfite reductase activity was cloned into a vector plasmid pBR322 to give a 5.7-kb hybrid plasmid, pTHS1, which contains a 1.3-kb DNA fragment of T. ferrooxidans AP19-3. When pTHS1 was used to transform sulfite reductase deficient E. coli mutants, strain AT2455 (cysG), JM246 (cysl), and AT2427 (cysJ), it complemented only the E. coli cysG mutation. Since cysG codes for S-adenosyl-L-methionine: uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase, the enzyme involved in siroheme synthesis, the results indicate that the DNA region that codes for S-adenosyl-L-methionine: uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase is present in a T. ferrooxidans 1.3 kb DNA fragment on pTHS1.     

Enhancement of Recombinant Hemoglobin Production in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Containing the Plesiomonas shigelloides Heme Transport System

To produce recombinant hemoglobin in Escherichia coli, sufficient intracellular heme must be present, or the protein folds improperly and is degraded. In this study, coexpression of human hemoglobin genes and Plesiomonas shigelloides heme transport genes enhanced recombinant hemoglobin production in E. coli BL21(DE3) grown in medium containing heme.     

提高大肠杆菌可溶性重组蛋白表达产率的研究进展

大肠杆菌表达重组蛋白相比真核细胞具有成本低廉、大规模发酵容易、条件易于自动化控制等优点,通过大肠杆菌表达重组蛋白是一种高效、经济的途径,重组蛋白表达量可达到大肠杆菌总蛋白质量的50%。具有正常生化活性的重组蛋白通常为可溶性形式,因而对于以得到活性产物(如抗体、酶等)为目的的研究,通常采用可溶性表达途径。目前已有多种以可溶性重组蛋白为活性物质的治疗性药物经批准上市,但并非所有外源基因均能实现可溶性高表达,因此重组蛋白的可溶性高表达具有重要研究价值。在总结近年提高经大肠杆菌可溶性表达重组蛋白产率研究的基础上,从启动子的选择、SD序列的引入、信号肽的优化、宿主细胞的选择、共表达其他蛋白质,高密度发酵等方面阐释在大肠杆菌中提高可溶性重组蛋白表达产率的方法。     

Metal-Binding Activity of the Soluble Recombinant Pig Metallothionein 1A Expressed in Escherichia coli

Full-length cDNA for the pig metallothionein 1A (pMT1A) gene was synthesized based on the pig MT1A gene sequence in Genbank and cloned into the pMD18-T vector. After sequence analysis and structure prediction, the pMT1A gene was cloned into vector pET-32a (+) containing a His-tag. The recombinant pMT1A (rpMT1A) was expressed in a soluble form using Escherichia coli Rosetta? (DE3) plysS cells. Western blotting showed that the purified rpMT1A protein bound an anti-His-tag monoclonal antibody. Further investigation revealed that the rpMT1A protein showed high metal-binding activity with the divalent metal ions copper (Cu²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), and cadmium (Cd²⁺).     

A Plasma Membrane Mutation acrA in Escherichia coli

Protein analysis and electron microscopic observation of thefreeze-fractured plane of the plasma membrane were performedwith an acriflavine-sensitive mutant carrying mutation acrA(at min 10) and with the wild type (acrA⁺) strain of Escherichiacoli K-12. The acrA mutant membrane was deficient (or much lower)in one protein when analyzed by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresistechnique. (Received May 7, 1981; Accepted July 28, 1981)     

重组蓖麻毒素A链蛋白的可溶性表达、纯化与抗原性分析

用PCR方法从克隆质粒pUC19-RTA中扩增出蓖麻毒素A(RTA)链基因,序列分析正确后,亚克隆到原核表达质粒pET-His中,构建重组表达质粒pET-HisRTA,再转化到E.coliBL21(DE3)plysS中获得表达工程菌株BL21/pET-HisRTA。该工程菌在30℃经0.4mmol／LIPTG诱导4h后获得可溶性表达的目的蛋白,约占菌体总蛋白的18.45％,SDS-PAGE分析显示表达的蛋白区带与RTA相对分子量相符,约32kDa左右。表达产物经Ni-NTA亲和层析法一步纯化,蛋白纯度约达97.53％,并可得到约18mg/L重组RTA蛋白。Western印迹和间接ELISA结果证明,重组RTA蛋白与抗天然蓖麻毒素多抗可发生特异性的抗原抗体反应,具有良好的抗原性,这为制备RT特异性抗体及建立RT的检测方法奠定了基础。     

Mutation Affecting Plasmolysis in Escherichia coli

A temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli is described that at the restrictive temperature has lost the ability to plasmolyze. The mutation is located near pyrF.     

Expression of an Anaplerotic Enzyme, Pyruvate Carboxylase, Improves Recombinant Protein Production in Escherichia coli

Anaplerotic enzyme reactions are those which replenish tricarboxylic acid intermediates that are withdrawn for the synthesis of biomass. In this study, we examined recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli containing activity in an additional anaplerotic enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase. In batch fermentations, the presence of pyruvate carboxylase resulted in 68% greater production of the model protein, β-galactosidase, 41% greater cell yield, and 57% lower acetate concentration. We discuss why these results indicate that acetate concentration does not limit cell growth and protein synthesis, as predicted by other researchers, and suggest instead that the rate of acetate formation represents an inefficient consumption of glucose carbon, which is reduced by the presence of pyruvate carboxylase.     

Purification and On-Column Activation of a Recombinant Histidine-Tagged Pro-Transglutaminase after Soluble Expression in Escherichia coli

Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is widely used as a protein crosslinking enzyme. Pro-transglutaminase from Streptomyces mobaraensis was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein carrying a C-terminal histidine tag (pro-MTG-His₆) under high-density culture. A new method of on-column activation was designed for production. According to SDS–PAGE, 88.9% of pro-MTG-His₆ was transferred to mature MTG-His₆ with storage stabilization.     

Recombinant protein secretion in Escherichia coli

The secretory production of recombinant proteins by the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli has several advantages over intracellular production as inclusion bodies. In most cases, targeting protein to the periplasmic space or to the culture medium facilitates downstream processing, folding, and in vivo stability, enabling the production of soluble and biologically active proteins at a reduced process cost. This review presents several strategies that can be used for recombinant protein secretion in E. coli and discusses their advantages and limitations depending on the characteristics of the target protein to be produced.     

Recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli

Growing needs for efficient recombinant production pose new challenges; starting from cell growth optimization under overexpression conditions, improving vectors, gene and protein sequence to suit them to protein biosynthesis machinery of the host, through extending the knowledge of protein folding, fusion protein construction, and coexpression systems, to improvements in protein purification and renaturation technologies. Hitherto Escherichia coli is the most defined and the cheapest protein biosynthesis system. With its wealth of available mutants tested is the best suited to economically test new gene constructs and to scale up the recombinant protein production.     

Recombinant holophytochrome in Escherichia coli.

We have successfully co-expressed two genes from the bilin biosynthetic pathway of Synechocystis together with cyanobacterial phytochrome 1 (Cph1) from the same organism to produce holophytochrome in Escherichia coli. Heme oxygenase was used to convert host heme to biliverdin IXalpha which was then reduced to phycocyanobilin via phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, presumably with the aid of host ferredoxin. In this host environment Cph1 apophytochrome was able to autoassemble with the phycocyanobilin in vivo to form fully photoreversible holophytochrome. The system can be used as a tool for further genetic studies of phytochrome function and signal transduction as well as providing an excellent source of holophytochrome for physicochemical studies.     

重组人BMP6在大肠杆菌中可溶表达、纯化及活性分析

BMP6是一种调节成骨细胞和成软骨细胞分化的骨诱导因子, 在修复各种骨缺损方面具有很好的应用潜力。有诱骨活性的BMP6是多二硫键的二聚体蛋白, 疏水性极强容易聚集沉淀。为了在大肠杆菌中可溶表达具有生物活性的重组人BMP6(rhBMP6), 构建了具有TRX、GST、MBP、CBD融合标签和His6标签的 rhBMP6成熟肽原核表达载体, 调节诱导温度和IPTG浓度, 比较不同融合标签和诱导条件对目的蛋白表达量和溶解性的影响。结果表明, MBP最能有效的增强rhBMP6的溶解性, 诱导条件对溶解性影响较小。大肠杆菌BL21 trxB(DE3)这种硫氧还蛋白还原酶缺陷菌株为rhBMP6二硫键在胞质中形成提供了合适的氧化还原环境。MBP和BL21 trxB(DE3)相结合在细胞质中高效可溶表达出了BMP6融合蛋白二聚体。表达产物经亲和层析和凝胶排阻层析纯化后, 能诱导成肌细胞系C2C12向成骨细胞方向 转化。     

重组人BMP6在大肠杆菌中可溶表达、纯化及活性分析

BMP6是一种调节成骨细胞和成软骨细胞分化的骨诱导因子,在修复各种骨缺损方面具有很好的应用潜力.有诱骨活性的BMP6是多二硫键的二聚体蛋白,疏水性极强容易聚集沉淀.为了在大肠杆菌中可溶表达具有生物活性的重组人BMP6(rhBMP6),构建了具有TRX、GST、MBP、CBD融合标签和His6标签的rhBMP6成熟肽原核表达载体,调节诱导温度和IPTG浓度,比较不同融合标签和诱导条件对目的蛋白表达量和溶解性的影响.结果表明,MBP最能有效的增强rhBMP6的溶解性,诱导条件对溶解性影响较小.大肠杆菌BL21 trxB(DE3)这种硫氧还蛋白还原酶缺陷菌株为rhBMP6二硫键在胞质中形成提供了合适的氧化还原环境.MBP和BL21 trxB(DE3)相结合在细胞质中高效可溶表达出了BMP6融合蛋白二聚体.表达产物经亲和层析和凝胶排阻层析纯化后,能诱导成肌细胞系C2C12向成骨细胞方向转化.     

大肠杆菌中高表达重组Era可溶性蛋白的纯化及其生化特性

质粒pCE31含有在P_L起动子控制下的重组era基因,在大肠杆菌中、42℃诱导高表达出Era蛋白,经溶菌酶处理裂菌、沉淀离心洗涤后所得的纯Era是不溶的,生物活性也不高。改在40℃诱导2h,在Era底物GDP的存在下裂菌,60％以上的Era处于可溶状态。用蛋白酶抑制剂防止Era蛋白降解,经盐析、Q-SepharoseFF柱层析分离,获得可溶性纯Era蛋白。该蛋白能特异地与鸟苷酸结合、并具有GTP酶活性,表明Era是一种G蛋白。动力学定量分析结果:在4℃时,每分子Era肽链能结合一分子GTP或GDP,表明所纯化的Era蛋白几乎都具有活性;4℃下,Era蛋白与GTP或GDP结合的解离常数,分别为5.49和1.01μmol/L;37℃时,Era蛋白GTP酶的Km值为9.0μmol/L,催化GTP水解的最大速度为9.8mmolCTP/mol Era/min。