变色马兜铃中银袋醌的分子结构研究

从变色马兜铃Ａｒｉｓｔｏｌｏｓｈｉａ ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌａｒ Ｓ．Ｍ．Ｈｗａｎｇ的根中分离到一个新的倍半萜醌,命名为银袋醌（Ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｑｕｉｎｏｎｅ）,橙黄色短毛发状结晶,ｍｐ２９０－２９６℃（分解）,分子式Ｃ１５Ｈ１６Ｏ５,依靠１Ｈ－１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ ＣＯＬＯＣ谱和选择性远程ＤＥＰＴ谱,其分子结构补阐明为４,８－二羟基－３,６－二甲基－５－（２－羟基异丙基）－１,２－萘二酮。体外试验对人肝癌细胞     

中国秋海棠属二新种

１宜山秋海棠新种图１：３～４ＢｅｇｏｎｉａｙｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＫｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（Ｓｅｃｔ．ＣｏｅｌｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍＩｒｍｓｃｈ．）．Ｆｉｇ．１：３～４ＨａｂｉｔｕｓｉｍｉｌｉｓＢ．ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉＣ．Ｙ．Ｗｕ,ｑｕａｅｒｈｉｚｏｍａｔｅｂ...     

鞭打绣球中的苯丙素甙和环烯醚萜甙

从鞭打绣球（ＨｅｍｉｐｈｒａｇｍａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍＷａｌｌ．）（玄参科）的全草中分离到２个新的苯丙素甙,命名为鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ（ｈｅｍｉｐｈｒｏｓｉｄｅＡａｎｄＢ）,２个已知的苯丙素甙,ｐｌａｎｔａｍａｊｏｓｉｄｅ和ｐｌａｎｔａｉｎｏｓｉｄｅＤ,以及３个已知的环烯醚萜甙,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｃｉｓｉｎ,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｎ和ｉｓｏ－ｓｃｒｏｐｈｕｌａｒｉｏｓｉｄｅ．通过化学和光谱分析,鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ的结构分别鉴定为２－（３－羟基－４－甲氧基苯基）乙基０－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）－４－Ｏ－反式阿魏醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖试和２－（３,４－二羟基苯基）乙基Ｏ－［６－Ｏ－乙醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）］－４－Ｏ－反式咖啡醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙．     

海南岛东部近海新第三纪孢粉植物群

根据ＢＤ２３－１－１井与孢子花粉共生的海相浮游有孔虫和钙质超微化石,论述了中国海南岛东部近海新第三纪各个时期的孢粉植物群特征。建立了４个孢粉组合,它们是：１．Ｑｕｅｒｃｏｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｕｐｕｌｉｆｅｒｏｉｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｆｌｏｒｓｈｕｅｔｚｉａ－Ｄｉｃｏｌｐｏｐｏｌｉｓ组合（早中新世晚期）;２．Ｄｉｃｏｌｐｏｐｏｌｉｓ－Ｅｘｔｒａ－ｐｕｎｃｔａｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｔａｘｏｄｉａｃｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ组合（中中新世早期）;３．Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉ－ａｃｅａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ组合（中中新世晚期至晚中新世）;４．Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｅｒｓｉｃａｒｉｏｉｐｏｌｉｓ组合（晚中新世晚期至早上新世）。孢粉植物群反映了海南岛东部近海新第三纪的气候基本上一直比较温暖湿润,并且逐渐降温的历程。     

道路农田防护林系统水分关系研究

道路农田防护林系统水分关系研究任勇,王佑民（北京林业大学,１０００８３）（西北林学院,陕西杨陵７１２１００）ＷａｔｃｒＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＦａｒｍｌａｎｄＳｈｅｌｔｅｒｂｅｌｔＳｙｓｔｅｍｂｙｔｈｅＲｏａｄｓ．ＲｅｎＹｏｎｇ￥（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｉｇＦｏｒｅｓｌｒｙＵｚｉｕｅｒｓｉｔｙ,１０００８３）,ＷａｎｇＹｏｕｍｉｎ（ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ,Ｙａｎｇｌｉｎｇ,Ｓｈａａｎｘｉ,７１２１００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：ｌ－６．ＩｎｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｌｏｅｓｓｐｌａｔｅａｕｔｏＮｏｒｔｈＷｅｉＲｉｖｅｒ,２０－１００ｃｍｓｏｉｌｌａｖｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｌａｖｅｒｆｒｏｍｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｒｏｏｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＰ．×ｄａｋｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｕａｂｓｏｒｂｓｗａｔｅｒ,ａｎｄ０－０．１ＨｉｓｔｈｅｒａｎｇｅｉｎｗｈｉｃｈＰ．×ｄａｋｕａ－ｎｅｎｓｉｓｂｙｔｈｅｒｏａｄｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙａｆｆｄｃｔｓｂｙｔｈｅｒｏａｄｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｓｍｏｉｓｔｕｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ．Ｔｈｅａｎｎｕａｌ     

湘中锡矿山邵东组和孟公坳组孢子组合——兼论泥盆—石炭系界线

湘中锡矿山邵东组和孟公坳组共产小孢子４５属８３种（含１０个新种,３个新联合）可划分为４个孢子组合,即：Ｒｅｔｓｉｐｏｒａｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ－Ａｐｉｃｕｌｉｒｅｔｕｓｉｓｐｏｒａｆｒｕｃｔｉｃｏｓａ（ＬＦ）组合,Ｒｕｇｏｓｐｏｒａｃｆ．ｆｌｅｘｕｏｓａ－Ｒｅｔｉｓｐｏｒａｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ（ＦＬ）组合,Ｌｏｐｈｏｚｏｎｏｔｒｉｌｅｔｅｓｅｘｃｉｓｕｓ－Ｒｅｔｉｓｐｏｒａｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ     

长梗千里光中的呋喃雅槛兰型倍半萜

长梗千里光（ＳｅｎｅｃｉｏｋａｓｃｈｋａｒｏｖｉｉＣ．Ｗｉｎｋｌ．）为菊科千里光属的多年生草本植物,广布于甘肃省东南部的灌木丛中及林边草地,四川、青海也有分布［１］。其化学成分未见报道。千里光属植物的主要成分是双稠吡咯啶生物碱和呋喃雅槛兰型倍半萜［２,３］。前者具有抗癌活性,但也有致癌、致畸等毒性［４］。我们从长梗千里光的地上部分分离到两个呋喃雅槛兰型倍半萜（１）和（２）,通过ＵＶ、ＩＲ、ＭＳ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ等光谱分析,确定化合物１为１α－乙酰氧基－６β－当归酰氧基－１０β－羟基－…     

高乌头的一个新异名——金城乌头

高乌头ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｓｉｎｏｍｏｎｔａｎｕｍＮａｋａｉｉｎＲｅｐ．１ｓｔ．Ｓｃｉ．Ｅｘｐ．Ｍａｎｃｈ．４（２）：１４６,ｆ．９．１９３５;Ｗ．Ｔ．ＷａｎｇｉｎＦｌ．Ｒｅｉｐ．Ｐｏｐ．Ｓｉｎ．２７：１６８,ｐｌ．２８：１～４．１９７９———Ａ．ｊｉｎ...     

多荚草中的新三萜皂甙

从石竹科植物多荚草（Ｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐｏｎ ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｕｍ（Ｆｏｒｓｓｋ．）Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｗｅｉｎ．ｅｘ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ）中分离得到３个新的柴胡皂甙类化合物：ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｏｓｉｄｅ Ａ￣Ｃ（１￣３）。它们的结构通过波谱方法分别鉴定为：３－Ｏ－｛β－Ｄ－ｘｙｌｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→２）－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→４）－「β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙ     

东濮地区奥陶纪牙形石

本文记叙了东濮地区井下奥陶纪牙形石１６属３２种（１新种、３未定种、４未定属种）,识别出５个牙形石带,１个未建带,自下而上为１．Ｓｃｏｌｏｐｏｄｕｓｆｌｅｘｉｌｉｓ带;２．Ｔａｎｇｓｈａｎｏｄｕｓｔａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带;３．未建带;４．Ｐｌｅｃｔｏｄｉｎａｏｎｙｃｈｏｄｏｎｔａ带;５．Ａｕｒｉｌｏｂｏｄｕｓｓｅｒｒａｔｕｓ带;６．Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｅｌｏｄｕｓａｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃｕｓ－Ｂｅｌｏｄｉｎａｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓａ带。     

Materials for Chinese Phyllanthoideae

The present paper is part of taxonomic study on Chinese Phyllanthoideae. Included in it are two new varieties, Leptopus esquirolii var. villosus and Drypetes hainanensis var. longistipitata, one new combination, Glochidion triandrum var. siamense, and seven new records in China: Drypetes salicifolia, D. hoaensis. Actephila subsessilis, Glochidion khasicum, G. nubigennum, Bridelia spiosa and B. poilanei. In addition, seventeen taxon names are newly reduced: Liodendron formosanum = Drypetes formosana, Liodendron matsumurae = Drypetes matsumurae, D. longipes = D. indica, Antidesma paxii = A. acidum, A. hiiranense, A. filipes and A. pentandrum var. hiiranense = A. japonicum, A. calvescens = A. montanum, A. microphyllum = A. venosum, Breynia stipitata var. formosana and B. jormosana = B. vitis-idaea, Glochidion zeylanicum var. tomentosum = G. hirsutum, G. rubidulum = G. thomsonii, G. acuminatum = G. triandrum, G. fagifolium and Phyllanthus fagifolius = Glochidion sphaerogynum, Bridelia penangiena = B. insulana, B. henryana = B. tomentosa. All the types are kept in SCBl and PE.     

Neutrino intergalactic communication,metal life,and viruses: Part 1 quo vadis ex machina

At one spectrum extreme, Astrobiology conjectures that for exoplanets with Goldilocks conditions, terrestrial-like life is inevitable. Moreover, it is envisaged that via panspermia, terrestrial-like life and its precursors are transferred among galaxies, stars, and within solar systems via transiting comets, asteroids, and planetoids. In addition, expelled stars, which have solar systems, it is inferred, transfer life as well. However, at the other extreme, we propose a paradigm shift that on some planets, subject to non- Goldilocks conditions, metal machine life could arise, ab initio, and evolve viruses, intelligence, and civilizations, conjointly. Accordingly, intelligent mechanized civilizations could readily and efficiently commence space exploration. Furthermore, as a counter paradigm shift, such civilizations could experiment and produce non-metallic life, based on carbon and other non-metal elements, under suitable conditions, related to Goldilocks life. Even a single example of validated interstellar or intergalactic communication received on the Earth would support the existence of life elsewhere. However, the communication platform should not be restricted to electromagnetic radiation. Other platforms should be included as well - one such example, which would require sophisticated technology, is neutrino communication. This is the case for any advanced civilization, be it metal-machine based, biological-based, and carbon-based. In sum, civilizations based on machine life, would be highly productive due to the longevity and hardiness of machine life. However, significant caveats are raised in this brief report, because possibly dissimilar psychologies and intelligence may lead to conflicts between metal machine life and biological life, inter-paradigm conflict.     

Molecular phylogeny of the gobioid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei)

The phylogeny of groups within Gobioidei is examined with molecular sequence data. Gobioidei is a speciose, morphologically diverse group of teleost fishes, most of which are small, benthic, and marine. Efforts to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups have been hampered by the prevalence of reductive evolution among goby species; such reduction can make identification of informative morphological characters particularly difficult. Gobies have been variously grouped into two to nine families, several with included subfamilies, but most existing taxonomies are not phylogenetic and few cladistic hypotheses of relationships among goby groups have been advanced. In this study, representatives of eight of the nine gobioid familes (Eleotridae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Gobiidae, Kraemeriidae, Schindleriidae, Microdesmidae, and Ptereleotridae), selected to sample broadly from the range of goby diversity, were examined. Complete sequence from the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, and COI genes (3573 bp) was used in a cladistic parsimony analysis to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups. A single most parsimonious topology was obtained, with decay indices indicating strong support for most nodes. Major phylogenetic conclusions include that Xenisthmidae is part of Eleotridae, and Eleotridae is paraphyletic with respect to a clade composed of Gobiidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae, and Schindleriidae. Within this five-family clade, two clades are recovered. One includes Gobionellinae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Kraemeriidae, Sicydiinae, Oxudercinae, and Amblyopinae. The other contains Gobiinae, also paraphyletic, and including Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, and Schindleriidae. Previous morphological evidence for goby groupings is discussed; the phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the morphological reduction observed in many goby species has been derived several times independently.     

Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources

1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents.2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources.3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.     

Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters

The phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are studied, based on the examination of the type species of all the genera previously described. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports that the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are a monophyletic group and the sister group of the clade formed by Astemnotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Halgerda Bergh, 1880. Several genera previously considered as valid or regarded as uncertain are here synonymized: Peronodoris Bergh, 1904, Trippa Bergh, 1877, Phlegmodoris Bergh, 1878, Petelodoris Bergh, 1881, Kentrodoris Bergh, 1876, Audura Bergh, 1878, Centrodoris P. Fischer, 1883, Anisodoris Bergh, 1898, Awuka Er. Marcus, 1955, Rhabdochiia P. Fischer, 1883, Boreodoris Odhner, 1939, Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880, Gravieria Vayssiere, 1912, Aporodoris Ihering, 1886. The following genera are regarded as valid: Astemnotus, Atagema J.E. Gray, 1850, Jorunna Bergh, 1876, Platydoris Bergh, 1877, Diaulula Bergh, 1878, Rostanga Bergh, 1879, Halgerda Bergh, 1880, Baptodoris Bergh, 1884, Gargamella Bergh, 1894, Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904, Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904, Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955, Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977. The new genus Nophodoris is described based on two new species from New Caledonia deep waters. Two additional new species from New Caledonia belonging to the genera Atagema and Gargamella are also described. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are discussed, and several type species, neotypes and lectotypes are selected.     

Oxypred： Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins

This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding pro- teins. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding pro- teins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Sec- ondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classify- ing the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemo- cyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins(available from http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/oxypred/).     

Revision of the Malagasy genus Trichoteleia Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea, Platygastridae)

The species of the genus Trichoteleia Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) are revised: 42 species are recognized, of which two were previously named and are redescribed: Trichoteleia afo Talamas, sp. n., Trichoteleia albidipes Kieffer, Trichoteleia bicolor Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia bidentata Talamas sp. n.; Trichoteleia carinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia cincta Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia delilah Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia eburata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia echinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia fisheri Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia funesta Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia halterata Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia hemlyae Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia irwini Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia janus Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia jiro Talamas, sp. n.; T. ketrona Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia levii Talamas & Johnson, sp. n.; Trichoteleia longiventris Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia minima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia nify Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia oculea Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia orona Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia parvipennis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia pauliani (Risbec); Trichoteleia picturata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prolixa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia quazii Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia ravaka Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia rugifrons Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia solocis Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia sphaerica Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia subtilis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tahotra Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia takariva Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tezitra Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tigris Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tonsa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia warreni Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia xantrox Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia zuparkoi Talamas & Masner, sp. n. A neotype is designated for Trichoteleia albidipes and a lectotype is designated for Trichoteleia pauliani.     

Mating systems of some putative polypore — agaric relatives

Mating systems are reported for taxa of polypores and agarics considered related. Taxa areDictyopanus pusillus, Favolus alveolaris, F. tenuiculus, Lentinus bertierii, L. crinitis, L. punctaticeps, L. strigellus, L. strigosus, L. suavissimus, Pleurotus australis, P. levis, P. tuberregium, Polyporus ciliatus, P. elegans, P. squamosus, andP. varius. All are tetrapolar exceptP. elegans.     

Some New Taxa and Records of Characeae in Hunan,China

In this paper, one new species, four new varieties and thirteen new records of Characeae from Hunan, China, are reported. They are Chara quadriscutulum, sp. nov., Nitella axilliformis var. biformis, var. nov., N. microcarpa var. unicarpa, var. nov., Chara braunii var. cylindrospora, var. nov., C. hydropitys var. hunanensis, var. nov., Nitella microcarpa Braun, N. leptoclada Braun, N. annandalei Pal, N. confervacea A. Braun, N. gracilliformis J. Groves, N. inversa Imahori, N. musashiensis Morioka, N. paucicostata T. F. Allen, N. acuminata var. gollmeriana (A. Br.) Zanev. et Wood, Tolypella boldii Sawa. Chara longifolia Robinson, C. pistianensis J. Vilhelm, C. grovesii Pal.