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1.
“坡壁效应”对减轻雪柑园降雪冻害的作用张名福(福建省顺昌县农业局353200)"Slope-wallEffect"inDiminishingSnowfallFreezeInjuryofCitrussinensisvar.sekkan¥.ZhangMingfu(AgriculturalBureau,ShunchangCounty,FujianProvince).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993.12(3):57-58."Slope-walleffect"hasasignificantroleindiminishingsnowfallfreezeinjuryofCitrussinensisvar.sekkanplantedonterracedmountainousfieldswithadefinitedegreeofslope-wall.Investigationsshowthatfreezeinjurystartstobediminishedonfieldswitha53.8°ofslope-waIlandisdiminishedsignifi-cantlyonthosewitha80  相似文献   

2.
福建省啮齿动物分布的聚类与关联分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
福建省啮齿动物分布的聚类与关联分析王寿昆(福建农业大学动物科学系福州350002)ClusterandAssociationAnalysesonDistrihutionofRodentsinFujianProvince.¥WangShoukun(De...  相似文献   

3.
攀雀(Remizpendulinus)隶属于雀形目攀雀科攀雀属,1997年12月18日笔者在福州郊区浦下采到2只(1♀1♂),经鉴定为东北亚种(Remizpendulinusconsobrinus)[1],系福建省鸟类新纪录,此次发现,使得此亚种的...  相似文献   

4.
发育起点温度的概念和应用问题   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
发育起点温度的概念和应用问题唐业忠,朱建国,况荣平(中国科学院昆明动物研究所,650223)OnTheConceptionandAppllcationoftheBaseTemperatureforDevelopment¥TangYezhong;ZhuJian-guo;Kuangrongping(KunmingInsiituteofZoology,AcademiaSinica,Kunming,650223).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(6):70-72.Thispaperdealswiththeconceptsandapplicationsofthebasetemperaturefordevelopment.Itisfoundthattherearesomeconfusionsontheconceptsofthebasetemperatureofdevelopment,andparadoxbe-tweenthebasetemperatureforvariousdevelopingstagesandthewholegeneration.Therefore,itissug-ge  相似文献   

5.
黄土高原的土壤水分利用与生态环境的关系   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
黄土高原的土壤水分利用与生态环境的关系韩仕峰,黄旭(中国科学院西北水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100)(水利部西北水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100)RelationshipBetweenSoilWaterUtilizationandEcologicalEnvironmentintheLoessPlateau¥HanShifeng;HuangXu(NorthwesternInstituteofSoilandWaterConsereation,AcademiaSinica,Yangling,ShaanxiProvince712100).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(1):25-28。It'sconsideredbytheauthorsthattherearethreekindsofproblemsinutilizationofsoilwaterresourcesintheLoessPlateau:1.formationofadefinitethicknessofdrysoillayerduetointensivewaterabsorp-tionandconsumption  相似文献   

6.
ChangesofConAReceptorSitesonMammalianSpermsduringCapacitationandAcrosomeReactionDUANChong-wen(段崇文),CHENDa-yuan(陈大元)(StateKeyL...  相似文献   

7.
持续农业与中国的生态农业   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
持续农业与中国的生态农业李萍萍,章熙谷(南京农业大学农学系,210014)SustainableAgricultureandChina’sEcologicalAgriculture¥.LiPingping;ZhangXigu(NanjingAgricul-turalUniversity,210014).ChineseJournaJofEcolegy,1993,12(2):16-18.Thebackground,conceptandcharacteristicsofsustainableagriculturearediscussed,anditssimilaritiesanddifferencestoChina’secologicalagriculturearedescribed.It’sconsideredthatChina’secologicalagri-cultureisaconcretereflectionofsustainableagricultureandasuccessfulmodelforagriculturaldevelop-ment.Keywords:sustainableagricult  相似文献   

8.
黄土高原粮食生产与水土流失和水土保持的相关分析   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
黄土高原粮食生产与水土流失和水土保持的相关分析黄占斌,张锡梅(中国科学院水利部西北水土保持研究所陕西杨陵71200)CorrelationAnalysisonGrainProduction,SoilErosionandSoilandWatreConservationinLoessPlateau¥.HuangZanbin;ZhangXimei(NorthwesternInstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,AcademiaSinicaandMinistryofWaterCoservalion,Yangling,Shaanxi,712100):ChineseJOurnalofEcology,1993,12(3):47-52.ThispaperanalysesthemutualinfluencebetweengrainproductionandsoilerosionintheloessPlateau.Itisfoundthatgrainproductivityisnegativelycorrelatedwiththepercentageofsoilerosionareaintota  相似文献   

9.
沈阳水资源保护与水质管理李秀鸿(沈阳环境科学研究所,110005)WaterResourceConscrvancyandWaterQualityControlinShenyang¥LiXiouhong(ShenyangInstituteofEnvironmentalscieilce,110005).(ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(5):45-48。Theoverallandlongtermimpactsofwaterresourceshortageandwaterpollutiononeconomicdevelop-ment,humanlifeandecologicalenvironmentinShenyangarediscussedinthispaper.Itispointedoutthatinordertosolvetheseproblems,areasonablecontrolpolicyandcorrespondingtechnologymustbeadoptedincombiningwiththedevelopmentandConservancyofexistin  相似文献   

10.
沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究赵羿,吴彦明(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)邓百祥(辽宁省水利水电勘测设计研究院,沈阳110006)EcologicalPotentialofLaudscapeinDonglingDistrictofShenyang¥ZhaoYi;WuYanming(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015),DengBaixiang(LiaoningAcademyofWaterCon-servancyandWaterPowerSureeyingandDesigning,Shenyang110006).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(5):1-8。Ecologicalpotentialoflaudscapeconsistsofitsproductivepotential,ecologicalpotentialandpricelesspo-tential.Throughcalculatingdifferentproductivepotentials(photosyntheticpot  相似文献   

11.
The Hani terrace paddyfield in Yunnan Province,China is categorized as a 'constructed wetland' under the Lamsar Convention classification.The Hani terrace paddyfield ranges from an altitude of 144 to 2000 m above sea level (ASL) in the southern slopes of the Ailao Mountains,angling down at a range of 15°to 75°.In this study,we investigated the ecosystem of the terrace paddyfields in the Mengpin and Quanfuzhuang administrative villages located at the center of the cultural heritage conservation district in the Hani terrace paddy-field.The Hani terrace paddyfield ecosystem structure is "forest-village-terrace paddyfield-river" in the order of descending altitude.Soil and water samples were sequen-tially taken from forests,villages and the terrace paddy-fields to be able to study the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfields.PO4-P and NH3-N in water were measured to test for water contamination.Seven soil nutrient factors were tested,including organic material (OM),char and nitrogen ratio (C/N),pH,total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),available phosphorus (AP),and available potassium (AK).Soil quality was also eval-uated using the characteristics of the soil nutrient factors.Vertical changes in the landscape,wetland types,wetland plants,hydrology and soil nutrients were characterized.Results showed that:(1) Hani's terrace paddyfield can be divided into five types of wetlands; the rice varieties and cultivation patterns vary in each type of wetland.(2) Hani's terrace paddyfield has a great capacity for water conservation and a strong ability to purify contaminants.The impoundage of Hani's terrace paddyfield is about 5050 m3/hm2.Contaminants in the terrace paddyfield soils decrease exponentially with the decline in altitude.(3) Comparison of soil quality in five different land use types indicates decreasing soil quality from forest to ter-race land to terrace paddyfield to water source.Except for headwater soil,single factors such as OM,TN and TP,and the comprehensive soil quality in individual sampling zones tend to increase with altitude elevation.Comprehensive soil quality in the Quanfuzhuang sam-pling zone is better than in the Mengpin sampling zone.Finally,a comparison of Hani's terrace paddyfield with plain paddyfields and natural wetlands highlighted the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfield.  相似文献   

12.
于洋  卫伟  陈利顶  冯天骄  杨磊  陈蝶 《生态学报》2018,38(18):6511-6520
开展工程措施进行植被恢复是防治水土流失的有效方式。在黄土高原半干旱小流域,工程措施能够利用有限的降水资源,促进植被恢复。以甘肃定西龙滩小流域典型水土保持工程措施鱼鳞坑和反坡台为研究对象,采用配对实验设计,在实测土壤水分特征曲线基础上,分别利用Brooks-Corey、Gardner和van Genuchten模型对不同工程措施的土壤水分特征曲线进行模拟。研究结果发现:反坡台(10.63%)、鱼鳞坑(9.78%)粘粒含量显著高于对照样地(9.66%),粉粒含量反坡台(71.42%)与鱼鳞坑(70.74%)显著高于对照样地(67.85%)。较之对照样地,反坡台和鱼鳞坑饱和导水率分别提高53.5%和46.9%。3种模型均能够很好的拟合不同工程措施土壤水分特征曲线。较之对照,工程措施长期开展后,鱼鳞坑和反坡台的土壤有效水分分别提高15%和9%,且对表层土壤水分有效性的改善更为显著。  相似文献   

13.
以川中丘陵区小流域为研究对象,研究了坡耕地、坡改梯、甜橙林和水保林4种土地利用方式以及裸地(对照)对0~10和10~20 cm土壤容重、土壤孔隙度及土壤养分含量的影响.结果表明: 同一土地利用方式下,毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾随土层加深而减小,而土壤容重则相反,全钾层间差异不大.相同土层甜橙林毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、全磷、有效磷含量最大,容重最小,水保林全氮、碱解氮含量最高,水保林0~10 cm土层的有机质含量最高,甜橙林10~20 cm土层的有机质含量最高.0~10 cm土层,灰色关联度从大到小依次为水保林(0.9441)、甜橙林(0.8858)、梯平地(0.6300)、裸地(0.5397)、缓坡耕地(0.4714);10~20 cm土层,灰色关联度依次为水保林(0.8919)、甜橙林(0.8401)、梯平地(0.5773)、裸地(0.5301)、缓坡耕地(0.5175).水保林改善土壤理化性质作用最佳,缓坡耕地改良效果最差.  相似文献   

14.
山坡退化林地林木生长对微地形人工干预的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探究水土保持微地形人工干预措施(等高反坡阶)对坡面退化林地林木生长的影响,在昆明市松华坝水源区内选取典型山坡退化林地,通过动态观测和对比分析不同样地林木胸径、树高、新枝生长量及样地叶面积指数(LAI)的变化差异,再结合土壤水分有效性分析以探讨差异原因.结果表明:等高反坡阶样地云南松胸径和树高的最大值和均值均大于对照样地(CK),退化林群落中小径阶和低矮的植株占更大比例,表明等高反坡阶样地中优势木新生植株和退化严重植株的生长潜力得到激发,不同样地云南松植株新枝平均枝长和枝径的年变化差异率达到了72.4%和39.1%.等高反坡阶样地云南松植株新枝生长量和样地LAI的变化及新枝生长的速度大于CK.土壤含水率和新枝生长量与LAI均呈显著相关,对水分有效性分析后得到等高反坡阶样地易效水比例(64.2%)整体高于CK(54.7%),5月至9月雨季中,等高反坡阶样地易效水存在时间更长,这有利于林木的生长,进而改变退化林地植物群落结构.  相似文献   

15.
The Hani terrace paddyfield in Yunnan Province, China is categorized as a ‘constructed wetland’ under the Lamsar Convention classification. The Hani terrace paddyfield ranges from an altitude of 144 to 2000 m above sea level (ASL) in the southern slopes of the Ailao Mountains, angling down at a range of 15° to 75°. In this study, we investigated the ecosystem of the terrace paddyfields in the Mengpin and Quanfuzhuang administrative villages located at the center of the cultural heritage conservation district in the Hani terrace paddyfield. The Hani terrace paddyfield ecosystem structure is “forest-village-terrace paddyfield-river” in the order of descending altitude. Soil and water samples were sequentially taken from forests, villages and the terrace paddyfields to be able to study the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfields. PO4-P and NH3-N in water were measured to test for water contamination. Seven soil nutrient factors were tested, including organic material (OM), char and nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). Soil quality was also evaluated using the characteristics of the soil nutrient factors. Vertical changes in the landscape, wetland types, wetland plants, hydrology and soil nutrients were characterized. Results showed that: (1) Hani's terrace paddyfield can be divided into five types of wetlands; the rice varieties and cultivation patterns vary in each type of wetland. (2) Hani's terrace paddyfield has a great capacity for water conservation and a strong ability to purify contaminants. The impoundage of Hani's terrace paddyfield is about 5050 m3/hm2. Contaminants in the terrace paddyfield soils decrease exponentially with the decline in altitude. (3) Comparison of soil quality in five different land use types indicates decreasing soil quality from forest to terrace land to terrace paddyfield to water source. Except for headwater soil, single factors such as OM, TN and TP, and the comprehensive soil quality in individual sampling zones tend to increase with altitude elevation. Comprehensive soil quality in the Quanfuzhuang sampling zone is better than in the Mengpin sampling zone. Finally, a comparison of Hani's terrace paddyfield with plain paddyfields and natural wetlands highlighted the vertical characteristics of Hani's terrace paddyfield. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(7): 2115–2124 [译自: 生态学报]  相似文献   

16.
黄土高原丘陵沟壑区典型小流域水土流失治理模式   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
袁和第  信忠保  侯健  李宗善  杨磊 《生态学报》2021,41(16):6398-6416
黄土高原是我国水土流失最为严重的区域,几十年的水土流失治理工作成果显著。当前生态文明建设已是我国国家战略之一,对黄土高原水土流失治理模式现状进行系统总结十分必要。对水土流失治理措施体系和流域土地利用情况系统分析,整理和总结了黄土高原6个典型流域的治理模式,包括治沟造地、防蚀固沙、生态农业发展、三大体系、梯田开发和水资源高效利用等6种模式。对比各治理模式发现,小流域综合治理模式是以环境治理为手段,从而达到改善人类生存和发展空间的终极目的,措施技术体系构建上体现了从坡面到沟道、工程措施植物措施相结合的特征;但不同的生态环境现状和社会经济条件下,治理模式有不同的表现形式。基于小流域水土流失治理模式的相似性和差异性,从自然地理条件和社会经济发展需求两方面探讨了流域水土流失治理模式,提出黄土高原水土流失治理模式形成机制框架,以期对当前黄土高原水土流失治理、黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
亚热带常绿阔叶林遭反复干扰后退化形成的天然次生灌丛在未管护模式下难以恢复为乔木林。在浙江省临安市选择典型天然次生灌丛,以强度人为干扰为对照、分别进行保护性干扰和适度人为干扰,探讨灌丛土壤蓄水能力和肥力质量的响应。4年试验结果表明:与强度人为干扰相比,保护性干扰和适度人为干扰后的土壤总贮水量、吸持贮水量和滞留贮水量分别提高了12.41%、5.33%、17.37%和29.13%、33.23%和26.24%;最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量分别提高了23.35%、9.51%、17.55%和48.63%、56.08和71.05%;与强度人为干扰相比,保护性干扰和适度人为干扰的综合肥力分别提高了1.9%和38.5%,其中保护性干扰的水解氮、有机碳和有机质含量提高了12.11%、38.91%和38.94%,适度人为干扰的水解氮、有效磷、有机碳和有机质含量提高了61.97%、90.57%、130%和130.04%,保护性干扰和适度人为干扰的土壤综合评价指数分别提高了15.43%和58.94%。研究表明,与保护性干扰相比,适度人为干扰在土壤的蓄水保水、肥力和固碳增汇等方面更能达到预期的目标。在有条件经营的情况下,可以选择适度人为干扰措施对天然次生灌丛进行管理从而达到加快土壤恢复的目的。  相似文献   

18.
The poorly understood physiological and biochemical drought responses induced in sweet orange by citrus rootstocks of contrasting drought tolerance were investigated during a drought/rewatering cycle under controlled conditions. Long-term exposure of the grafted trees to a gradually increasing water deficit and subsequent recovery revealed distinct strategies of drought acclimation that were induced by the different rootstocks. Trees grafted onto the drought-tolerant rootstock ‘Cravo’ rangpur lime were less water conservative, exhibiting an increased cell-wall elasticity that contributes to turgor maintenance and its related processes of growth and photosynthesis over a wider range of soil–water potentials. On the other hand, the drought-tolerant ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and drought-sensitive ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate orange rootstocks induced a water conservation strategy by increasing tissue rigidity under drought. ‘Sunki Tropical’ was also able to induce osmotic adjustment, conferring thereby a more efficient water conservation strategy than ‘Flying Dragon’ by allowing for turgor maintenance at lower soil–water potentials while attenuating cell dehydration and shrinkage. In contrast to ‘Cravo’ and ‘Sunki Tropical’, trees grafted onto ‘Flying Dragon’ exhibited a significant photoinhibition of the photosystem II reaction centers, as well as an increased H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation under drought treatment. A significantly higher activity of the antioxidant enzyme GPX was also observed in drought stressed trees grafted onto ‘Flying Dragon’. Collectively, these results support the involvement of elastic and osmotic adjustments, as well as the control of oxidative stress, as functional leaf traits associated with the rootstock-induced drought tolerance in sweet orange.  相似文献   

19.
了解城市生态系统服务的时空变化与权衡关系对区域可持续发展具有重要意义.本研究以北京市为对象,基于InVEST模型与RUSLE模型定量评估了北京市1984、1995、2005和2018年碳贮存、产水量与土壤保持3项生态系统服务的时空变化特征,并分析了不同生态系统服务间的权衡关系.结果表明:1984-2018年,北京市土地...  相似文献   

20.
保护性耕作对农田土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
保护性耕作是提高土壤蓄水保墒能力并增加作物产量的重要农艺措施之一.基于河南省长期定位试验2011-2016年数据,分析不同耕作措施(传统耕作、免耕和深松处理)对土壤水分、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明: 2011-2016年免耕和深松耕作处理下冬小麦拔节期平均相对保墒率分别为7.3%和-0.68%,且免耕较传统耕作显著提高了冬小麦拔节期0~60 cm土壤贮水量.与传统耕作相比,免耕提高了冬小麦拔节期、扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期0~100 cm土壤平均含水量,而深松耕作并未明显提高冬小麦拔节期土壤平均含水量.此外,免耕较传统耕作能够显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,尤其在较干旱年份其增产效果更优.因此,免耕的蓄水保墒及增产效果在较干旱年份明显优于深松耕作.  相似文献   

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