祁连山植被水文效应的多层次Fuzzy综合评判

祁连山植被水文效应的多层次Ｆｕｚｚｙ综合评判车克钧,傅辉恩（甘肃省张掖祁连山水源林研究所７３４０００）Ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ－ＬｅｖｅｌＦｕｚｚｙＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｎＨｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅＱｉｌｉａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ￥．ＣｈｅＫｅｊｕｎ;ＦｕＨｕｉｅｎ（ＱｉｌｉａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｆｏｒＷａｔｅｒＳｏｕｒｃｅＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ,Ｚｈａｎｇｙｅ,ＧａｎｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ７３４０００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：３１－３５．ＢｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｍｕＩｔｉｐｌｅ－ｌｅｖｅｌｆｕｚｚｙｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅｈｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｆｏｕｒｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｔｙｐｅｓａｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ．ＰｉｃｅａｃｒａｓｓｉｆｏｌｉａｆｏｒｅｓｔｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｔｙｐｅｆｏｒｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｎＱｉｌｉａｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ,Ｓａｂｉｎａｐｒｚｅｗｌｓｋｉｉｆｏｒｅｓｔａ     

福建中亚热带村级农业生态经济类型的成因与发展机制研究

福建中亚热带村级农业生态经济类型的成因与发展机制研究林文雄,吴志强,林群慧,郑世庆,王松良,梁义元（福建农学院,福州３５０００２）ＣｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇＦａｃｔｏｒａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＭｅｃｂａｎｉｓｍｏｆＲｕｒａｌＡｇｒｏ－ｅｃｏｌｏｍｉｃＴｙｐｅｓｉｎＭｉｄ－ｓｕｂｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌＲｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＦｕＪｉａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ￥．ＬｉｎＷｅｎｘｉｏｎｇ;ＷｕＺｈｉｑｉａｎｇ;ＬｉｎＱｕｎｈｕｉ;ＺｈｅｎｇＳｈｉｑｉｎｇ;ＷａｎｇＳｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ;ＬｉａｎｇＹｉｙｕａｎ（ＦｕｊｉａｎＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｆｕｚｈｏｕ３５０００２）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：６６－６８．Ｕｓｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｔｈｅｓｔａｔｕｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｐａｔ－ｔｅｒｎｓｏｆｒｕｒａｌａｇｒｏ－ｅｃｏｌｏｍｉｃｔｙｐｅｉｎｍｉｄ－ｓｕｂｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＦｕｊｉａｎｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ．１１ｔａｐｅｓｏｆｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎ     

单穗藨草——安徽藨草属一新种

单穗草新种图１ＳｃｉｒｐｕｓｍｏｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓＪ．Ｑ．Ｈｅ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．Ｆｉｇ．１ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓａｆｉｎｉｓＳ．ｌｉｎｅｏｌａｔｏＦｒａｎｃｈ．ｅｔＳａｖａｔ．,ｓｅｄｒｈｉｚｏｍａｔｅａｌｉｑｕｏｔｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｉｓｆｕｓｉｆｏｒｍｉｂ...     

Studies in the Futian Nature Reserve Planning

１　ＰｒｅｆａｃｅＦｕｔａｉｎＮａｔｕｒｅＲｅｓｅｒｖｅｆｏｒｍａｎｇｒｏｖｅａｎｄｂｉｒｄｓｉｓｏｎｅｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＧｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇＮｅｉｌｉｎｇｄｉｎｇａｎｄＦｕｔｉａｎＮａｔｕｒｅＲｅｓｅｒｖｅ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｓｅｔｕｐｉｎＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ１９８４．Ｔｏｄａｙ,ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ,ＦｕｔａｉｎＮａｔｕｒｅＲｅｓｅｒｖｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｅｘｐａｎｄｅｄｆｒｏｍ３０４～３６０ｈｍ２,ａｎｄｉｔｓｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｈｉｆｔｓｗｅｓｔｗａｒｄｓａ…     

IUBMB Symposia in 2000(英文)

ＦｒｏｎｔｉｅｒｓｏｆＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎＭａｒｃｈ２６３１,２０００ＳａｎＦｒａｎｃｉｓｃｏ,Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ,ＵＳＡＤｒ．ＲｏｂｅｒｔＧｅｎｎｉｓＤｅｐｔ．ｏｆＢｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ,ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＩｌｌｉｎｏｉｓ６００ＳｏｕｔｈＭａｔｈｅｗｓＡｖｅｎｕｅ,Ｕｒｂａｎａ,ＩＬ６１８０１３３６４,ＵＳＡＴｅｌ：＋１２１７３３３９０７５;Ｆａｘ：＋１２１７２４４３１８６;Ｅｍａｉｌ：ｒｇｅｎｎｉｓ＠ｕｉｕｃ．ｅｄｕ１３ｔｈＩｎｔｅｒｎａ…     

南山暖性次生针叶林的Fuzzy数学分类

南山暖性次生针叶林的Ｆｕｚｚｙ数学分类余小平（重庆师范学院生物系,６３００４７）ＦｕｚｚｙＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＣｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＷａｒｍＳｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙＣｏｎｉｆｅｒｏｕｓＦｏｒｅｓｔａｔＮａｎｓａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎ￥．ＹｕＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＴｅａｃｈｅｒｓ’Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ,６３００４７）;ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：２３－２６．ＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｍａｄｅｆｏｒｍａｓｓｏｎｐｉｎｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｗａｒｍｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｖｃｏｎｉｆｅｒｏｕｓｆｏｒｅｓｔａｔＮａｎｓａｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎ．Ｆｕｚｚｙａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｉｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄ,ａｎｄｓｉｘａｓｘｏｃｌａｔｉｏｎｇｒｏｕｐｓａｎｄｔｅｎａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｃｏｉｎｃｉｄｅｗｉｔｈａｃｔｕａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ     

中国小檗属新分类群

１芒康小檗新种图１：１～７ＢｅｒｂｅｒｉｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｉｎｅｒｖｉｓＹｉｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｆｉｇ．１：１～７ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｎｏｖａａｆｉｎｉｓＢ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉＦｒａｎｃｈ．,ａｑｕａｆｏｌｉｓｏｂｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｉｓｖｅｌｅｌｉｐｔｉ...     

生态位理论及其在森林生态学研究中的应用

生态位理论及其在森林生态学研究中的应用朱春全（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京１０００９１）ＮｉｃｈｃＴｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｉｔｓＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＦｏｒｅｓｔＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ￥．ＺｈｕＣｈｕｎｑｕａｎ（ＩｎｓｌｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００９１）,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：４１－４６．Ｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｎｉｃｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｉｔｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｆｏｒｅｓｔｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙａｒｅｒｅｖｉｅｗｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ．Ｉｔｉｓｐｏｉｎｔｅｄｏｕｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｌａｎｔｕｎｉｔｗａｓｎｏｔｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｎｉｃｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ,Ｔｈｅｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｎｉｃｈｅｏｆｐｌａｎｔｕｎｉｔａｒｅｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄａｎｄａｎｅｗｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｔｏｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｉｔｗｉｔｈｐｈｏ－ｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｓａｆｕｎｃｔ     

中国水龙骨属（水龙骨科）一新种

假毛柄水龙骨新种图１：１～３ＰｏｌｙｐｏｄｉｏｄｅｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｌａｃｈｎｏｐｕｓＳ．Ｇ．Ｌｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．Ｆｉｇ．１：１～３Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉｕｍｌａｃｈｎｏｐｕｓａｕｃｔ．ｎｏｎＷａｌ．ｅｘＨｏｏｋ．：Ｃｈｉｎｇ,Ｉｃ．Ｆｉｌ．Ｓｉｎ．２：９５,...     

河西走廊农户生态系统农田能流和物流数量特征的研究

河西走廊农户生态系统农田能流和物流数量特征的研究李发弟（甘肃农业大学畜牧系,兰州７３００７０）ＱｕａｎｔｉｎｔｉｖｅＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＥｎｅｒｇｙＦｌｏｗａｎｄＮｕｔｒｉｅｎｔＣｙｃｌｉｎｇｏｆＦａｒｍｌａｎｄｉｎａＦａｒｍＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎＨｅｘｉＣｏｒｒｉｄｏｒ￥ＬｉＦａｄｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｎｉｍａｌＨｕｓｂａｎｄｒｙ,ＧａｎｓｕＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｔｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒ－ｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：３７－４０．Ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｅｎｅｒｇｙｆｌｏｗａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｏｆｆａｒｍｌａｎｄｓｕｂｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎａｆａｒｍｅｃｏｓｙｓ－ｔｅｍｉｎＨｅｘｉＣｏｒｒｉｄｏｒｗｅｒｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｄｅｆｌｒｅｅｏｆｏｐｅｎｉｎｇ,ｉｎｐｕｔａｎｄｏｕｔｐｕｔｗｅｒｅｈｉｇｈ,ｔｈｅｒａｔｉｏｏｆｏｕｔｐｕｔｔｏｉｎｐｕｔｏｆｓｕｂｓｉｄｙｅｎｅｒｇｙ,ｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎａｎｄｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｆａｒｍｌａｎｄｓｕｂｓｙ     

Fusing multidimensional hierarchical information into finer spatial landscape metrics

One of the core issues of ecology is to understand the effects of landscape patterns on ecological processes. For this, we need to accurately capture changes in the fine landscape structures to avoid losing information about spatial heterogeneity. The landscape pattern indicators (LPIs) can characterize the spatial structures and give some information about landscape patterns. However, researches on LPIs had mainly focused on the horizontal structure of landscape patterns, while few studies addressed vertical relationships between the levels of hierarchical landscape structures. Thus, the ignorance of the vertical hierarchical relationships may cause serious biases and reduce LPIs'' representational ability and accuracy. The hierarchy theory about the landscape pattern structures could notably reduce the loss of hierarchical information, and the information entropy could quantitatively describe the vertical status of landscape units. Therefore, we established a new multidimensional fusion method of LPIs based on hierarchy theory and information entropy. Here, we created a general fusion formula for commonly used simple LPIs based on two‐grade land use data (whose land use classification system contains two grades/levels) and derived 3 fusion landscape pattern indicators (FLIs) with a case study. The results show that the information about fine spatial structure is captured by the fusion method. The regions with the most differences between the FLIs and the traditional LPIs are those with the largest vertical structure such as the ecological ecotones, where vertical structure was ignored before. The FLIs have a finer spatial representational ability and accuracy, not only retaining the main trend information of first‐grade land use data, but also containing the internal detail information of second‐grade land use data. Capturing finer spatial information of landscape patterns should encourage the application of fusion method, which should be suitable for more LPIs or more dimensional data. And the increased accuracy of FLIs will improve ecological models that rely on finer spatial information.     

From Hutchinsonian ratios to spatial scaling theory: the interplay among limiting similarity,body size and landscape structure

Spatial scaling theory (SST) relates the physical structure of the environment to species coexistence and community assembly. Although SST is a recognized theory in ecology, few studies have evaluated its predictions, producing contradictory results and frequently failing to meet its assumptions. In addition, the ‘risk predictions’ of SST regarding an increase in species similarity with body size and the dependence of this pattern on the landscape and food fractal dimensions have not been evaluated. This study attempted to account for previous limitations, analyzing these predictions in coleopteran guilds that inhabit 18 temporary ponds. This metacommunity covers a large gradient of environmental variables, including food density, the landscape fractal dimension, the food fractal dimensions and other indicators of pond heterogeneity. Average similarity in carnivorous and herbivorous body sizes systematically increased with guild richness, fulfilling classical predictions of niche theory. Species similarity was associated with body size, but the association reverts from negative to positive as the landscape fractal dimension and heterogeneity increases, a pattern further supported by null model analyses. Several nonexclusive mechanisms may account for this pattern: 1) the body size-dependent landscape perception, through which small animals detect more heterogeneity than larger animals; 2) the reaching of landscape limits by larger species, which prevents them from accessing novel largest clusters; 3) the large differences between the landscape and food fractal dimensions; and 4) the homogenization of the landscape when an integer fractal dimension is reached. These mechanisms may dictate that smaller organisms are more able to capitalize on heterogeneity or available resources than larger organisms, thus promoting increased similarity among smaller species. The presented results support the connection between landscape spatial structure and biodiversity and a mechanistic understanding of this connection from the SST.     

景观异质性研究评述

通过对国内外大量资料的整理分析,对景观异质性的产生机制、分类、 在景观生态学研究中的地位及其测度方法进行了评述,在对景观异质性与景观稳定性、景观规划和管理以及生态学上的干扰、尺度、生物多样性之间相互依存关系论述的基础上,指出了当前景观异质性研究的复杂性,测度方法的不系统性,景观异质性建模在理论与实践上的困难性与局限性,并对生态复杂性研究的理论和方法应用于景观异质性研究进行了展望。     

A conceptual framework for the spatial analysis of landscape genetic data

Understanding how landscape heterogeneity constrains gene flow and the spread of adaptive genetic variation is important for biological conservation given current global change. However, the integration of population genetics, landscape ecology and spatial statistics remains an interdisciplinary challenge at the levels of concepts and methods. We present a conceptual framework to relate the spatial distribution of genetic variation to the processes of gene flow and adaptation as regulated by spatial heterogeneity of the environment, while explicitly considering the spatial and temporal dynamics of landscapes, organisms and their genes. When selecting the appropriate analytical methods, it is necessary to consider the effects of multiple processes and the nature of population genetic data. Our framework relates key landscape genetics questions to four levels of analysis: (i) node-based methods, which model the spatial distribution of alleles at sampling locations (nodes) from local site characteristics; these methods are suitable for modeling adaptive genetic variation while accounting for the presence of spatial autocorrelation. (ii) Link-based methods, which model the probability of gene flow between two patches (link) and relate neutral molecular marker data to landscape heterogeneity; these methods are suitable for modeling neutral genetic variation but are subject to inferential problems, which may be alleviated by reducing links based on a network model of the population. (iii) Neighborhood-based methods, which model the connectivity of a focal patch with all other patches in its local neighborhood; these methods provide a link to metapopulation theory and landscape connectivity modeling and may allow the integration of node- and link-based information, but applications in landscape genetics are still limited. (iv) Boundary-based methods, which delineate genetically homogeneous populations and infer the location of genetic boundaries; these methods are suitable for testing for barrier effects of landscape features in a hypothesis-testing framework. We conclude that the power to detect the effect of landscape heterogeneity on the spatial distribution of genetic variation can be increased by explicit consideration of underlying assumptions and choice of an appropriate analytical approach depending on the research question.     

景观空间异质性对生态系统服务形成与供给的影响

景观空间异质性与生态系统服务的关系极为密切,适当调整景观空间异质性有助于生态系统服务的持续形成与稳定供给。研究景观空间异质性和生态系统服务形成与供给之间的相互影响作用及响应机制具有重要的理论与现实意义,是保护生物多样性、管理生态系统服务与优化景观空间配置的基础。现有研究大多在不同尺度上探讨了景观格局与生态过程或生态系统服务间的相互影响关系,而缺乏景观格局-生态过程-生态系统服务三者间有效联结等方面的研究。景观空间异质性是怎样直接或间接地作用于生态系统服务形成与供给的,目前还没有一个较为明确的解释。因此,通过分析国内外文献,回顾了景观格局或景观空间异质性与生态系统服务之间关系的研究进展、研究内容和研究方法;从景观组成、景观构型的变化入手,讨论了景观空间异质性对生态系统服务形成与供给的影响及其强度,并认为景观组成异质性变化能够直接影响生态系统服务,而景观构型异质性变化会通过改变生态过程而间接影响生态系统服务;阐述了景观空间异质性在影响生态系统服务形成与供给的同时,也使生态系统服务在空间上产生了异质性分布,并从自然因素和人为因素两个方面对其进行解释;强调了尺度问题在景观空间异质性与生态系统服务研究中的重要性;最后,明确了对生态系统服务形成与供给的景观空间异质性影响研究不仅有助于生态系统服务的维持与调节,也能更深层次地揭示其中的生态学意义。     

Energy–Landscape Integrated Analysis: A proposal for measuring complexity in internal agroecosystem processes (Barcelona Metropolitan Region, 1860–2000)

Farm systems are facing a global challenge amidst a socio-metabolic transition that places them in a dilemma between increasing land-use intensity to meet the growing demand of food, feed, fibres and fuels, while avoiding a biodiversity loss at the same time. To solve this dilemma a deeper research on how species richness is kept in different land-use patterns is required, according to the quantity and quality of the ecological disturbance that farmers carry out across the landscape. We propose an Energy–Landscape Integrated Analysis model that assesses both the complexity of internal energy loops, and the information held in the whole network of socio-metabolic energy fluxes, so as to correlate this energy-information interplay with the functional landscape structure. The results show that the landscape heterogeneity of Mediterranean land-use mosaics, created by traditional organic mixed-farming, have tended to vanish as a result of a simultaneous reduction in the complexity of the interlinking pattern of energy flows and the quantity of information carried by them. The model could help us to reveal how and why different agroecosystem managements lead to key turning points in the relationship of the energy profile with landscape ecological functioning. No doubt, these results will be very useful for designing more sustainable farm systems worldwide in the future.     

生态空间理论与景观异质性

概述生态空间理论的若干主要方面：尺度、空间格局、景观异质性、镶嵌与生态交错带以及干扰与景观动态等。生态空间理论是景观评价,管理和生态规划的重要基础,对于区域可持续发展和生物多样性保护等方面的研究都具有重要的指导意义。     

景观生态学的学科前沿与发展战略

根据美国景观生态学2001年年会关于景观生态学的关键议题和研究领域特别专题的讨论,综合16位国际知名专家所发表的关于深化理论、整合协调和方法改进等方面的意见,深入论述了景观生态学的6项关键议题和10个优先研究领域。包括通过景观镶嵌体的生态流,土地利用和土地覆被变化的过程、机制,非线性动态和景观复杂性,尺度转换方法论的发展,景观指标与生态过程,人类活动与景观生态,景观格局的优化,景观保育与可持续性,资料获取与准确性评价。并对构建中国景观生态学的理论框架提出了初步的想法,即发展以格局——过程关系为中心的生态空间理论,以人类活动有序化为中心的景观生态建设理论,以发挥景观多重价值为中心的景观规划理论。     

景观生态学——概念与理论

现代景观生态学是一门新兴的、正在深入开拓和迅速发展的学科。因此 ,不但欧洲和北美的景观生态学有显著不同 ,就是在北美景观生态学短暂的发展进程中也逐渐形成了不同的观点和论说。概括地说 ,景观生态学研究的重点主要集中在下列几个方面 ,即 :空间异质性或格局的形成及动态 ;空间异质性与生态学过程的相互作用 ;景观的等级结构特征 ;格局 -过程 -尺度之间的相互关系 ;人类活动与景观结构 ,功能的反馈关系以及景观异质性 (或多样性 )的维持和管理[1～ 6] 。反映这些研究重点的主要景观生态学概念和理论是什么呢 ?本文拟在总结该学科最近 2…     

城市化下的民族乡镇景观格局变化——以内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔自治旗阿尔拉镇为例

随着国家新农村建设和新型城市化的稳步推进,乡村景观格局的变化开始受到广泛关注,特别是相对闭塞的少数民族乡镇,理解其景观格局的时空变化对于探索民族乡镇发展至关重要.本研究基于景观生态学理论,利用典型达斡尔族少数民族乡镇——阿尔拉镇2008—2013年间的土地利用矢量数据,通过ArcGIS和 Fragstats软件计算景观格局指数,从类型水平和景观水平上对景观格局变化进行分析.结果表明: 在类型水平上,研究区农、林、草地逐渐向建筑用地转移;在景观水平上,景观多样性指数偏低,异质性较高,连通性不强,景观破碎化程度较高.将景观指数与社会经济指标进行典型性相关分析和灰色关联分析,发现人口的变化和GDP的增长是研究区景观格局变化的最主要驱动因子.最后,结合经济、文化、政策、自然等因素探讨了导致阿尔拉镇景观格局演变的主要驱动因素,并给出相应对策,该结果可为我国东北少数民族聚居区的发展提供基础信息和理论依据.