高亲和力抗乙型肝炎病毒PreS1的人源单链抗体的获得:天然及免疫抗体库的对比研究( 英文)

以健康人的外周血淋巴细胞为来源 ,以偶联BSA的乙型肝炎病毒PreS1肽体外免疫 .分别从免疫和未经免疫的淋巴细胞提取RNA ,扩增抗体基因 ,构建大容量天然单链抗体 (scFv)噬菌体展示文库和体外免疫scFv抗体库 .以PreS1肽进行 3轮淘选后 ,抗原抗体反应结果显示 ,从免疫库中获得了亲和力 10 -7～ 10 -8M的抗乙型肝炎病毒PreS1的单链抗体 ,高于天然库的结果 (10 -6～ 10 -7M ) .测序结果表明两株抗体均为人抗体 .为基因工程抗体用于临床治疗乙型肝炎奠定基础 .同时证明淋巴细胞体外免疫方法构建的免疫抗体库优于大容量天然抗体库 .     

高亲和力抗乙型肝炎病毒PreS1的人源单链抗体的获得:天然及免疫抗体库的对比研究

以健康人的外周血淋巴细胞为来源,以偶联BSA的乙型肝炎病毒PreS1肽体外免疫.分别从免疫和未经免疫的淋巴细胞提取RNA,扩增抗体基因,构建大容量天然单链抗体(scFv)噬菌体展示文库和体外免疫scFv抗体库.以PreS1肽进行3轮淘选后,抗原抗体反应结果显示,从免疫库中获得了亲和力10-7～10-8 M的抗乙型肝炎病毒PreS1的单链抗体,高于天然库的结果(10-6～10-7 M).测序结果表明两株抗体均为人抗体.为基因工程抗体用于临床治疗乙型肝炎奠定基础.同时证明淋巴细胞体外免疫方法构建的免疫抗体库优于大容量天然抗体库.     

核糖体展示口蹄疫单链抗体库的构建

目的:构建库容量大、多样性好的核糖体展示口蹄疫单链抗体(scFv)库。方法: 分离口蹄疫病毒免疫的兔脾细胞,提取总RNA,用RT-PCR扩增兔抗体的重链可变区(VH)基因和轻链可变区(VL)基因,同时扩增作为间隔区的兔抗体Ck基因;采用重叠延伸PCR (简称SOE-PCR)技术连接VH-VL基因,同时引入T7启动子和核糖体结合位点序列,体外构建核糖体展示scFv库模板,连接pMD18-T载体转化E.coli DH5α大肠杆菌,挑取阳性克隆测序以鉴定scFv组装。结果:成功构建了库容量达8.21×10¹³的兔源口蹄疫核糖体展示scFv库。结论: 构建的大容量兔源性口蹄疫核糖体展示抗体库可以成为进一步筛选特异性口蹄疫单链抗体的实验平台,为开发诊断性口蹄疫单链抗体奠定了很好的实验基础。     

噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗乳腺癌细胞单链抗体的筛选

构建抗人乳腺癌细胞MCF 7的噬菌体单链抗体库 ,从中筛选MCF 7细胞特异性单链抗体。用MCF-7细胞免疫BALB C小鼠 ,取脾脏 ,提取总RNA ,用RT-PCR技术扩增小鼠抗体重链 (V_H)和轻链 (V_L)可变区基因 ,经重叠PCR(SOE-PCR) ,在体外将V_H和V_{L连接成单链抗体 (scFv)基因 ,并克隆到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中 ,电转化至大肠杆菌TG1,经辅助噬菌体超感染 ,构建噬菌体单链抗体库。从该抗体库中筛选特异性识别MCF-7细胞的噬菌体单链抗体 ,将表面展示单链抗体的单克隆噬菌体转化大肠杆菌TOP10进行可溶性表达。成功地构建了库容为12×10⁶ 的抗MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的单链抗体库 ,初步筛选到了与MCF 7细胞特异性结合的scFv,Westernblot检测表明 ,在大肠杆菌TOP10中实现了单链抗体可溶性表达}     

抗松材线虫纤维素酶单链抗体库的构建及筛选

构建鼠源性松材线虫纤维素酶（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus cellulase, BXC）的噬菌体单链抗体库,从中筛选特异性BXC的单链抗体。以BXC为抗原免疫BALB/C小鼠,从脾脏提取总RNA,用RT-PCR技术扩增小鼠抗体重链（V_H）和轻链(V_L)可变区基因。经重叠PCR(SOE-PCR)在体外将V_H和V_L连接成单链抗体(scFv)基因,并克隆到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中,电转化至大肠杆菌TG1,经辅助噬菌体超感染,成功构建了库容为5×10⁴的Anti-BXC单链抗体库,并从该抗体库中初步筛选到了特异性识别BXC的噬菌体单链抗体scFv。将表面展示单链抗体的单克隆噬菌体转化大肠杆菌HB2151进行可溶性表达,SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析结果显示,可溶性scFv获得表达,且与BXC具有结合活性,为松材线虫的检验检疫以及病理学研究奠定了基础。     

人源性天然抗体库的构建及淀粉样蛋白Aβ1-42寡聚体单链抗体的筛选和鉴定

本研究旨在利用噬菌体展示技术构建人源性天然抗体库,以可溶性Aβ1-42寡聚体对抗体库进行筛选获得针对低分子量Aβ1-42寡聚体的特异性单链抗体.利用RT-PCR法从10个健康人外周血淋巴细胞中得到全套人抗体VH和VL基因,经过重叠延伸PCR将VH和VL连接得到scFv片段,将scFv片段酶切后克隆至pCANTAB5E噬菌体载体,电转化TG1感受态菌,获得库容为2.5×109单链抗体库.经辅助噬菌体M13K07拯救,以可溶性Aβ1-42寡聚体为抗原,对抗体库进行4轮筛选,ELISA法筛选特异性识别Aβ1-42寡聚体的阳性克隆,将筛选到的阳性克隆B19转化至E coliHB2151菌,诱导表达可溶性scFv抗体.SDS-PAGE及Western blotting分析结果显示可溶性scFv抗体获得了正确表达,且能够与Aβ1-42三聚体及纤维特异性结合,亲和力(Kd)为9×10-6 mol/L.Aβ1-42寡聚体特异性单链抗体的获得为老年性痴呆(AD)的治疗研究奠定了基础.     

人源性天然抗体库的构建及淀粉样蛋白Ab1-42寡聚体单链抗体的筛选和鉴定

本研究旨在利用噬菌体展示技术构建人源性天然抗体库,以可溶性Aβ1-42寡聚体对抗体库进行筛选获得针对低分子量Aβ1-42寡聚体的特异性单链抗体。利用RT-PCR法从10个健康人外周血淋巴细胞中得到全套人抗体VH和VL基因,经过重叠延伸PCR将VH和VL连接得到scFv片段,将scFv片段酶切后克隆至pCANTAB5E噬菌体载体,电转化TG1感受态菌,获得库容为2.5×109单链抗体库。经辅助噬菌体M13K07拯救,以可溶性Aβ1-42寡聚体为抗原,对抗体库进行4轮筛选,ELISA法筛选特异性识别Aβ1-42寡聚体的阳性克隆,将筛选到的阳性克隆B19转化至E.coli HB2151菌,诱导表达可溶性scFv抗体。SDS-PAGE及Western blotting分析结果显示可溶性scFv抗体获得了正确表达,且能够与Aβ1-42三聚体及纤维特异性结合,亲和力(Kd)为9×10-6 mol/L。Aβ1-42寡聚体特异性单链抗体的获得为老年性痴呆(AD)的治疗研究奠定了基础。     

抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原T7噬菌体抗体库的构建

构建T7噬菌体单链抗体(scFv)库筛选抗乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原抗体.从抗-HBs阳性患者外周血淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA第1条链,PCR分别扩增抗体重链可变区基因(VH)和轻链可变区基因(VL),经重叠延伸拼接(SOE)PCR组成scFv基因,并将其与T7噬菌体载体的2个臂相连接.体外包装后,在宿主菌BLT5403中,扩增重组噬菌体抗体库.以乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原进行4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的筛选,酶免疫实验检测抗体活性.所建抗体库库容为1.53×107,扩增后初级库滴度为2.42×1010pfu/mL.以乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原筛选后抗体出现特异性富集,经酶免疫实验鉴定,得到2株与HBsAg抗原特异结合的噬菌体抗体,成功构建了抗HBsAg蛋白T7噬菌体抗体库.     

从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗Acr蛋白人源单链抗体

目的:从天然的大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选特异的抗结核分枝杆菌晶体蛋白( alpha-crystallin Acr)的人源抗体.方法:以结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白包被免疫管,通过对噬菌体抗体库进行4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的过程从大容量抗体库中筛选特异性抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的抗体,并对可变区序列进行了测序分析.将特异性的噬菌体抗体感染HB2151菌,经IPTG诱导表达,制备了抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体;对其序列和抗原结合活性进行分析鉴定.结果:经过4轮筛选,获得了43个与结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白结合的阳性克隆,其中29个特异结合的克隆;测序分析有26不同的可变区片段;通过可溶性单链抗体(scFv)表达筛选到14株特异性结合Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体克隆;经过基因测序,分析了可变区基因的亚群.成功制备了可溶性单链抗体.Westren blotting分析证实筛选的人源单链抗体能与天然蛋白结合.结论:利用单链大容量抗体库获得抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的噬菌体抗体并且成功制备抗结核分枝杆菌Acr天然蛋白的可溶性单链抗体,为今后的研究和应用奠定基础.     

天然兔源噬菌体单链抗体库的构建与鉴定

目的:构建天然兔源噬菌体单链抗体库。方法:采用RT-PCR法从未免疫的兔子脾脏中克隆得到抗体重链可变区(VH)与轻链可变区(VL)基因,重叠PCR将VH和VL拼接成scFv片段,将scFv连接到噬菌粒pComb3XSS上,电转入XL1-Blue菌中,得到单链抗体库,并用此抗体库筛选抗肌酸激酶抗体。结果:构建了容量为4×108,基因重组率95%的单链抗体库,DNA指纹图谱显示抗体库多样性良好。以肌酸激酶为抗原,从该库中筛到3株抗肌酸激酶的抗体。结论:分析表明构建的天然兔源单链抗体库质量良好,可用于快速筛选、制备多种单链抗体。     

拟南芥LFR原核重组蛋白纯化和多克隆抗体制备

拟南芥中有一类含ARM结构域的蛋白质,研究表明它们中的一些在植物的生长发育和激素应答等方面发挥着重要的作用.在拟南芥突变体筛选中,获得了一个推测编码蛋白含ARM重复序列的新基因突变体lfr(leaf and flower related mumnt),它在叶子和花的发育过程中表现出较明显的表型.为进一步研究该基因编码蛋白的生物学功能及其分子作用机制,构建了pGEX-2TGST:LFR融合蛋白重组表达载体,将重组质粒转化到工程菌中诱导表达菌体蛋白,经SDS.聚内烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,结果表明,融合重组蛋白成功获得了高效表达,分子质量在77 ku左右.重组蛋白经谷胱甘肽S.转移酶(GST)标签蛋白亲和层析法纯化,SDS-PAGE制备胶割胶富集,电洗脱法纯化后得到纯度较高的抗原.经对新西兰兔进行5次免疫,获得了多克隆抗血清.采用免疫吸附方法对抗血清进行了纯化,结果得到只识别LFR重组蛋白的抗血清.进一步提取拟南芥野生型及突变体的核蛋白,经蛋白质印迹检测,结果显示,在分子质量50ku左右处出现特异的蛋白质条带,证明所制备的抗血清可以与拟南芥LFR蛋白特异性结合.     

重组活性小鼠组织因子及其阻断性单抗的制备与应用

组织因子是一种位于细胞膜上的糖蛋白,是外源性凝血过程的关键启动因子,近年来其在肿瘤细胞迁移等其他过程中的重要作用也已逐渐被揭示．构建了融合有His标签的小鼠组织因子胞外区段重组蛋白基因,利用昆虫杆状病毒蛋白表达系统成功表达并得到大量可溶性重组小鼠组织因子．利用血浆凝集实验和鼠尾流血时间实验对此重组小鼠组织因子进行的活性检测表明,此重组蛋白具有良好的生物活性,可以引起血浆凝血或缩短鼠尾流血时间．同时,利用此重组蛋白为抗原,制备了小鼠组织因子的小鼠源功能阻断性单克隆抗体,在血浆凝集实验中证明其对小鼠组织因子的活性有明显抑制作用．利用此阻断性单抗,成功地在小鼠深静脉血栓模型中减轻了血栓形成,证明组织因子在深静脉血栓的病程发展中起重要作用,这也是组织因子阻断性单抗在此类动物模型中的首次成功应用．通过此项工作,成功地建立了大量制备具有良好生物活性的重组小鼠组织因子蛋白的方法,并进而得到了小鼠组织因子功能阻断性单抗,为利用各种小鼠动物模型对组织因子在各项生命活动中的作用进行深入研究奠定了良好的基础．     

水稻LRR型类受体蛋白激酶胞外区的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

前期研究表明,水稻根尖细胞质膜类受体蛋白激酶OsRLK的表达受盐胁迫诱导.为了进一步研究该激酶的生理功能,通过反转录PCR得到OsRLK胞外区cDNA片段,将其亚克隆至pET29a原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中实现了高表达,表达量约为细胞总蛋白的30%.重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE分离,染色切胶收集后,作为抗原免疫新西兰家兔,分离抗血清,经纯化得到1:20 000效价的多克隆抗体.Wescem blot结果显示,该抗体能特异识别在原核表达系统内表达的抗原,以及水稻根尖细胞质膜组分中的LRR型类受体蛋白激酶,并且在蛋白质水平证实该激酶为盐胁迫响应蛋白.     

In Vitro Inhibition of Oral Candida albicans by Chicken Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY)

This study was conducted to measure Candida albicans-specific chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY) inhibition of fluconazole-sensitive and resistant strains of C. albicans in order to assess potential use in the prevention and treatment of oral candidiasis. In this study, laying hens were immunized, and IgY was extracted by water dilution. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of IgY for inhibiting C. albicans growth were determined using the broth microdilution method from the CLSI M27-A2 protocol. Fluconazole (FLC) was used as the control. The results were analyzed with the chi(2) test. The anti-Candida titer of anti-C. albicans IgY was 1:12,000. The concentration of the IgY extract that effectively inhibited the growth of C. albicans was between 1.25 g/l and 5.0 g/l, and the efficacy rate was 82.98% during the observed 24-48 h time period. No correlation was recorded between the drug resistance of FLC and growth inhibition by IgY. It was concluded that anti-C. albicans IgY inhibited the growth of C. albicans in vitro and there was no correlation between the drug resistance of FLC and the growth inhibition by IgY (P > 0.99).     

Plasmodium vivax:A Monoclonal Antibody Recognizes a Circumsporozoite Protein Precursor on the Sporozoite Surface

Gonzalez-Ceron, L., Rodriguez, M. H., Wirtz, R. A., Sina, B. J., Palomeque, O. L., Nettel, J. A., and Tsutsumi, V. 1998.Plasmodium vivax:A monoclonal antibody recognizes a circumsporozoite protein precursor on the sporozoite surface.Experimental Parasitology90, 203–211. The major surface circumsporozoite (CS) proteins are known to play a role in malaria sporozoite development and invasion of invertebrate and vertebrate host cells.Plasmodium vivaxCS protein processing during mosquito midgut oocyst and salivary gland sporozoite development was studied using monoclonal antibodies which recognize different CS protein epitopes. Monoclonal antibodies which react with the CS amino acid repeat sequences by ELISA recognized a 50-kDa precursor protein in immature oocyst and additional 47- and 42-kDa proteins in older oocysts. A 42-kDa CS protein was detected after initial sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands and an additional 50-kDa precursor CS protein observed later in infected salivary glands. These data confirm previous results with otherPlasmodiumspecies, in which more CS protein precursors were detected in oocysts than in salivary gland sporozoites. A monoclonal antibody (PvPCS) was characterized which reacts with an epitope found only in the 50-kDa precursor CS protein. PvPCS reacted with allP. vivaxsporozoite strains tested by indirect immunofluorescent assay, homogeneously staining the sporozoite periphery with much lower intensity than that produced by anti-CS repeat antibodies. Immunoelectron microscopy using PvPCS showed that the CS protein precursor was associated with peripheral cytoplasmic vacuoles and membranes of sporoblast and budding sporozoites in development oocysts. In salivary gland sporozoites, the CS protein precursor was primarily associated with micronemes and sporozoite membranes. Our results suggest that the 50-kDa CS protein precursor is synthesized intracellularly and secreted on the membrane surface, where it is proteolytically processed to form the 42-kDa mature CS protein. These data indicate that differences in CS protein processing in oocyst and salivary gland sporozoites development may occur.     

The Humanness of Macaque Antibody Sequences

Chimeric, humanized and human antibodies have successively been exploited as therapeutics because their increasing human (‘self’) character is expected to correspond with decreased immunogenicity, which is critical for their clinical development. Thus, humanness has been inferred to predict antibody immunogenicity. Humanness of antibody variable regions (V-regions) has recently been studied using a parameter (here referred to as the H-score) that evaluates similarity to expressed human sequences. Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) antibody sequences are of particular interest because they have been suggested to have extremely human-like character and, recently, macaque single-chain variable fragments with very high affinity for various antigens have been isolated. In this study, the H-scores of all macaque antibody V-regions available in sequence data banks were compared with those of their human counterparts using statistical tests. The results were found to be influenced by the relative size of the human families to which the macaque V-regions are related. As the relevance of families to immunogenicity is suspected but unproven, a new parameter (the ‘G-score’) was derived from the H-score to avoid this influence, and macaque V-region sequences were reanalyzed using the G-score. Both parameters show that these regions cannot be regarded as human when they derive from heavy chains, but the humanness of light chains is variable. It was shown that ‘germline humanization’ of a macaque V-region favourably influenced its humanness, as evaluated by both H-score and G-score. In addition, the humanness of macaque sequences presented in patents has been analyzed. The H-score and G-score define objectively the humanness of antibody V-regions, and their use is exemplified here.     

Antibody informatics for drug discovery

More and more antibody therapeutics are being approved every year, mainly due to their high efficacy and antigen selectivity. However, it is still difficult to identify the antigen, and thereby the function, of an antibody if no other information is available. There are obstacles inherent to the antibody science in every project in antibody drug discovery. Recent experimental technologies allow for the rapid generation of large-scale data on antibody sequences, affinity, potency, structures, and biological functions; this should accelerate drug discovery research. Therefore, a robust bioinformatic infrastructure for these large data sets has become necessary. In this article, we first identify and discuss the typical obstacles faced during the antibody drug discovery process. We then summarize the current status of three sub-fields of antibody informatics as follows: (i) recent progress in technologies for antibody rational design using computational approaches to affinity and stability improvement, as well as ab-initio and homology-based antibody modeling; (ii) resources for antibody sequences, structures, and immune epitopes and open drug discovery resources for development of antibody drugs; and (iii) antibody numbering and IMGT. Here, we review “antibody informatics,” which may integrate the above three fields so that bridging the gaps between industrial needs and academic solutions can be accelerated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent advances in molecular engineering of antibody.     

Antibody buffering in the brain

The efficacy of chemotherapy on brain tumors is often hindered by the presence of the blood brain barrier. This barrier keeps many systemically administered substances from entering the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while allowing intrathecally administered drugs free passage out of that compartment. Therefore, achieving a therapeutic concentration of a cell cycle inhibitor in the CSF for a time long enough to have a cytotoxic effect on slow-growing tumor cells has proven difficult. The ability of an antibody to prolong ligand half-life and bioactivity has been previously described occurring in the plasma. This phenomenon has not yet been described or exploited for use in the CSF compartment. Antibodies often have a longer residence time in the CSF than small-molecule drugs, so antibody buffering, administration of a drug with its specific antibody, can prolong the bioactive lifetime of a drug in the CSF. Here we describe antibody buffering of the small molecule hapten 2-phenyl-oxazol-5-one-methylene-gamma-amino butyrate in the CSF of a rats. Not only does the presence of an antibody buffer increase the half-life of both total and free hapten in the CSF, but the antibody can be re-charged in situ with fresh hapten, even days after the initial antibody infusion. Antibody buffering may provide a viable option for delivering a stable, bio-available concentration of a drug that is normally rapidly eliminated from the CSF.     

Cholecystokinin Outcome on Markers of Intestinal IgA Antibody Response

Cholecystokinin 8 (CCK8) is an entero-octapeptide that participates in crosstalk with components of intestinal immunity via the CCK receptor (CCKR), but its role in modulation of the IgA response is not fully known under physiological conditions. Male eight-week-old BALB/c mice each were intraperitoneally injected once during 7 days with CCK8, devazapide (CCKR1 antagonist), L365,260 (CCKR2 antagonist) or vehicle (sham group). In intestinal lavages, total and secretory IgA (SIgA) were determined by ELISA; in lamina propria, IgA⁺ B lymphocytes and IgA⁺ plasma cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; mRNA levels of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in epithelial cells and α chain, interleukins (ILs) in lamina propria cells were assessed by qRTPCR. Regarding the sham conditions, IgA⁺ plasma-cell percentage and IL-2, IL-5, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA levels were either increased by CCK8 or decreased by both CCKR antagonists. For IgA/SIgA responses, IL-4/IL-6 mRNA levels were decreased by all drugs and pIgR mRNA was increased by CCK8 and reduced by L365,260. IgA⁺ B cell percentage and α chain mRNA levels were elicited by CCK8 and L365,260. Data suggested a presumable differential role of CCK/CCKR on the IgA-response; outcome of L365,260 on the elicitation of IgA⁺ B cells and α chain mRNA needs further examination.     

单克隆抗体药物风雨飘摇20年

1986年,美国FDA批准了第一个单克隆抗体药物上市.迄今,全世界共有21个治疗用抗体药物被批准上市,实现300亿美元的销售额,促进了国际、国内抗体药物的开发热潮.巨大的市场前景和亟待克服的技术问题及壁垒并存的现实不可避免地引发抗体药物的新一轮技术革命,而其结果又将毫无疑问地改变抗体药物的市场格局.抗体药物的研究和开发能否真正成为中国生物技术药物开启国际市场大门的新钥匙？何为我们首选的切入点？我们又该如何形成自己的特色和竞争优势？回顾国际抗体药物20年风雨飘摇的发展经历,总结其中的经验教训,无疑会给我们一些有益的启示.