共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Nicholas J. K. Breitborde Steven R. López Keith H. Nuechterlein 《Culture, medicine and psychiatry》2009,33(1):41-60
Although there is a clear statistical association between expressed emotion (EE) and schizophrenic relapse, our understanding
of the mechanisms underlying this relationship is underdeveloped. This study tested a theoretical model in which caregivers’
perceptions of their ill relative’s agency underlie the EE-relapse association. To evaluate this model, we completed qualitative
and quantitative analyses of narratives provided by individuals caring for a relative with schizophrenia. The results indicate
that high-EE caregivers perceive the expression of symptoms as stemming from their ill relative’s agency more frequently than
low-EE caregivers. This was true for both high-EE-criticism and high-EE-emotional overinvolvement caregivers. High-EE and
low-EE caregivers did not differ in their perceptions of the role of their ill relative’s agency with regard to the control
of symptoms. The findings suggest that EE may be a proxy risk factor for caregivers’ perceptions of their ill relative’s agency.
相似文献
Nicholas J. K. BreitbordeEmail: |
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Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
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A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
6.
Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |
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We present two computational models (i) long-range horizontal connections and the nonlinear effect in V1 and (ii) the filling-in
process at the blind spot. Both models are obtained deductively from standard regularization theory to show that physiological
evidence of V1 and V2 neural properties is essential for efficient image processing. We stress that the engineering approach
should be imported to understand visual systems computationally, even though this approach usually ignores physiological evidence
and the target is neither neurons nor the brain.
相似文献
Shunji SatohEmail: |
10.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
11.
The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
The Behavioral Ecology of Shellfish Gathering in Western Kiribati,Micronesia. 2: Patch Choice,Patch Sampling,and Risk 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Frank Thomas 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(5):515-526
The prey choice model, previously applied among shellfish gatherers in Kiribati, Micronesia, has shown that they are foraging
in a manner that matches the predictions of optimal foraging theory by maximizing their net energy return rates. Similar conclusions
can be drawn subsequent to testing the patch choice model, including patch switching; patch sampling; and the analysis of
risk. In light of these results, it is argued that natural selection probably never encouraged the persistence of conservation
because individuals have nearly always benefited from short-term goals to ensure greater fitness. However, the possibility
remains that as a result of changed circumstances brought about by increasing human population, more efficient extractive
technologies, and expanding market opportunities, genuine, as opposed to epiphenomenal conservation, may become established
in heavily impacted environments.
相似文献
Frank ThomasEmail: |
13.
James Carney 《Biosemiotics》2008,1(3):313-327
The basic premise of biosemiotics as a discipline is that there are elementary processes linking signifying strategies in
all forms of animate life. Correspondingly, the discoveries of biosemiotics should, in principle, be capable of revealing
new insights about human signification. In the present article, I show that this is in fact the case by constructing a biosemiotic
model that links advertising strategies with corresponding structures in animal predation. The methodological framework for
this model is the catastrophe theory of René Thom. The end result is a revised understanding of an ostensibly cultural phenomenon
that demonstrates its continuity with signalling processes conventionally associated with the natural world.
相似文献
James CarneyEmail: |
14.
Norman Morrison Dan Bearden Jacob G. Bundy Tim Collette Felicity Currie Matthew P. Davey Nathan S. Haigh David Hancock Oliver A. H. Jones Simone Rochfort Susanna-Assunta Sansone Dalibor Štys Quincy Teng Dawn Field Mark R. Viant 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2007,3(3):203-210
15.
Roger Sansom 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(4):475-491
I show that gene regulation networks are qualitatively consistent and therefore sufficiently similar to linearly seperable
connectionist networks to warrant that the connectionist framework be applied to gene regulation. On this view, natural selection
designs gene regulation networks to overcome the difficulty of development. I offer some general lessons about their evolvability
that can be learned by examining the generic features of connectionist networks.
相似文献
Roger SansomEmail: |
16.
Michael Weisberg 《Biology & philosophy》2006,21(5):623-645
This paper is an interpretation and defense of Richard Levins’ “The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology,” which
has been extremely influential among biologists since its publication 40 years ago. In this article, Levins confronted some
of the deepest philosophical issues surrounding modeling and theory construction. By way of interpretation, I discuss each
of Levins’ major philosophical themes: the problem of complexity, the brute-force approach, the existence and consequence
of tradeoffs, and robustness analysis. I argue that Levins’ article is concerned, at its core, with justifying the use of
multiple, idealized models in population biology.
相似文献
Michael WeisbergEmail: |
17.
Sahotra Sarkar 《Biology & philosophy》2008,23(2):217-228
On the basis of distinctions between those properties of entities that can be defined without reference to other entities
and those that (in different ways) cannot, this note argues that non-trivial forms of frequency-dependent selection of entities
should be interpreted as selection occurring at a level higher than that of those entities. It points out that, except in
degenerately simple cases, evolutionary game-theoretic models of selection are not models of individual selection. Similarly,
models of genotypic selection such as heterosis cannot be legitimately interpreted as models of genic selection. The analysis
presented here supports the views that: (i) selection should be viewed as a multi-level process; (ii) upper-level selection
is ubiquitous; (iii) kin selection should be viewed as a type of group selection rather than individual selection; and (iv)
inclusive fitness is not an individual property.
相似文献
Sahotra SarkarEmail: |
18.
We develop a formal framework for the optimal allocation of limited resources that includes and clarifies the interplay between
individual optimization and the resulting effects at the population level. As an example, in regard to the evolution of sexual
recombination, the paradox of the twofold cost of sex is avoided by distinguishing between the evolution of recombination
and the subsequent emergence and stability of different mating types as a result of individual optimization within a population
that benefits from recombination.
相似文献
John PepperEmail: |
19.
Ozawa-de Silva C 《Culture, medicine and psychiatry》2008,32(4):516-551
Most striking in the recent rise of suicide in Japan are the increase in suicide among young Japanese and the emergence of
Internet suicide pacts. An ethnography of suicide-related Web sites reveals a distinctive kind of existential suffering among
visitors that is not reducible to categories of mental illness and raises questions regarding the meaning of an individual
“choice” to die, when this occurs in the context of an intersubjective decision by a group of strangers, each of whom is too
afraid to die alone. Anthropology’s recent turn to subjectivity enables analyses of individual suffering in society that provide
a more nuanced approach to the apparent dichotomy between agency and structure and that connect the phenomenon of suicide
in Japan to Japanese conceptions of selfhood and the afterlife. The absence of ikigai [the worth of living] among suicide Web site visitors and their view of suicide as a way of healing show, furthermore, that
analyses of social suffering must be expanded to include questions of meaning and loss of meaning and, also, draw attention
to Japanese conceptions of self in which relationality in all things, including the choice to die, is of utmost importance.
相似文献
Chikako Ozawa-de SilvaEmail: |