广义马鞭草科花器官发生研究

对广义马鞭草科（Verbenaceae)的3个主要亚科的花器官早期发生进行了比较研究,发现花器官发生的两种不同类型：在马鞭草亚科中,存在从远轴至近轴单向发生的顺序,首先远轴位置的萼片、花瓣、雄蕊相继发生,此时近轴位置的萼片、花瓣和雄蕊尚未出现或处于更幼小的时期;在牡荆亚科和莸亚科中表现为向心轮状发生的顺序,萼片同时或依次出现,萼片发生完成后,有一段转向花瓣形成原时间间隔,5枚花瓣几乎在同一时间出现,随后是4枚雄蕊同时发生,花器官发生的研究结果与形态学和rbcL序列分析所得出的系统学推断一致,支持马鞭草亚科和其余亚科不能形成一个单系群的观点。     

巧花兜兰——越南中部兰科一新种

在今年年初的一次访问云南南部的旅行中,笔者曾购得数苗小型的兜兰,据兰商称系采自越南中部,又叫越南黄花仔。此种兜兰的叶甚似小叶兜兰ＰａｐｈｉｏｐｅｄｉｌｕｍｂａｒｂｉｇｅｒｕｍＴａｎｇｅｔＷａｎｇ和海伦兜兰Ｐａｐｈ.ｈｅｌｅｎａｅＡｖｅｒｙａｎｏｖ,但花却有着明显的不同。小叶兜兰的花大,直径达5.5～7ｃｍ;合萼片狭窄,其宽度仅为中萼片的1/2～3/5。海伦兜兰花纯黄色;花瓣线形或宽线形。而此种兜兰的花直径3～3.5ｃｍ,呈淡黄绿色,唇瓣表面、合萼片中脉下半部和花瓣的中脉及中脉上方一侧均有枣红色晕;合萼片宽度为中萼片的4/5;…     

中国鹿角兰属(兰科)植物新资料

报道了中国兰科(Orchidaceae)鹿角兰属(Pomatocalpa)一新记录种——纹瓣鹿角兰［P. tonkinense (Gagnep.) Seidenf.］,凭证标本保存于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)。纹瓣鹿角兰的花序疏生多数花,萼片、花瓣均具2条紫色条纹,中萼片及花瓣远长于侧萼片,与中国原记录的2种鹿角属植物容易区分。该研究提供了新记录种的形态描述、中国鹿角兰属植物图版及分种检索表。     

河南濮阳发现对古气候有指示意义的植物化石—帕里宾尼亚

最近在河南省濮阳县勘探的钻井岩芯中再次发现帕里宾尼亚(pojibinia)这种形态特殊的被子植物化石。由于该植物的叶形较小,往往在有限面积的岩芯中保存了完整的叶部化石。近20年来,在我国不少地区相继发现这种化石,它的出现指示了沉积时期为     

晚第三纪武汉地区的化石木对当地古气侯的指相

研究了我国地质年代为晚第三纪,地理位置在湖北省武汉市新洲县阳逻镇２２个树种的化石木其中裸子植物７种,被子植物１５种。中国被子植物化石木是笔者１９８７年首镒发掘和鉴定的。武汉地区发掘的这１５种均是热带或亚热带的被子植物,特别是苏木科的顶果木蝶蝶形花科的海南红豆和大戟科的秋枫更是武汉地区今日未见的典型热带阔叶树种。     

侏罗纪的施迈斯内果(Schmeissneria)是不是被子植物?

中华施迈斯内果在辽西的发现为被子植物的历史添上了重要的一笔。施迈斯内果是一个具有近170年研究历史的植物化石属。新近发现的中华施迈斯内果中发现了以前没被认识到的新特征(未成熟的雌性器官的中央结构有一个纵向的隔壁和封闭的顶端)。新的特征促使人们重新审视该化石的系统位置。王鑫等人通过仔细分析被子植物的定义、结合新的化石特征认为施迈斯内果代表了一个具有被子植物特征的新类群。按照现有的被子植物定义,施迈斯内果可以归入被子植物。这样一来,被子植物的历史就会被前推到早侏罗世。当然也不排除未来被子植物的定义改变后为施迈斯内果建立一个与被子植物平行的种子植物新类群的可能性。文章简要地介绍了施迈斯内果的由来、特征以及王鑫等人如何判定其为被子植物的逻辑思维过程,以便大家论评。     

蓝堇草属(毛茛科)花形态发生的扫描电子显微镜观察

花的发生和发育过程研究可以发现早期进化的轨迹,为系统发育的研究提供重要线索。蓝堇草属(Leptopyrum)为毛茛科唐松草亚科一单种属,仅包含蓝堇草一种,其花的发生和发育过程仍为空白。为了深入理解唐松草亚科乃至毛茛科花发育多样性和演化规律,该文运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了蓝堇草各轮花器官的形态发生和发育过程。结果表明:该属植物所有的萼片、花瓣、雄蕊和雌蕊均为螺旋状发生,花器官排列式样也为螺旋状; 5枚萼片原基宽阔,5枚花瓣原基圆球形、位于萼片原基的间隔,且在后期表现为延迟发育现象,雄蕊原基较小、为圆球形; 花瓣原基和雄蕊原基连续发生,无明显的时空间隔,但与萼片原基有时空间隔; 心皮原基为马蹄形对折,柱头组织由单细胞乳突组成; 胚珠倒生、具单珠被。该属花器官螺旋状排列、胚珠具单珠被在唐松草亚科中是独有的性状,花发育形态学证据支持了该属的特殊性。     

世界上最早的被子植物化石在黑龙江发现

被子植物起源的时间和地点历来是植物学家和古植物学家十分关注的重大事件。以往的学者根据现代被子植物的原始类群集中在低纬度地区,被子植物化石发现于中纬度地区而推断被子植物起源于中、低纬度地带。但迄今低纬度发现的早期被子植物化石     

迄今世界最早被子植物花序化石的首次发现

首次报道迄今已知世界最早的被子植物花序化石。该花序花石产于甸黑龙江鸡西早白垩世城子河组,花序由数十枚小花组成,其花粉具典型的被子植物特征,无明确的萌发口器,根据其所在层位下伏海相层化石佐证,以及与以色列等地早期被子植物花粉化石的对比等。该花序持质时代可能为早白垩世晚期,或Ｈａｕｔｅｒｉｖｉａｎ晚期至Ｂａｒｒｅｍｉａｎ早期。文中还讨论了此花序及其花粉化石的发现在研究全球被子植物起源早期演化等的重要意     

长角凤仙花（凤仙花科）的花器官发生和发育

以不同发育时期的长角凤仙花Impatiens longicornuta Y.L.Chen（凤仙花科Balsaminaceae）为材料,利用扫描电镜技术观察了其花器官的分化及其发育过程。长角凤仙花为两侧对称花,具2枚侧生萼片,唇瓣囊状,旗瓣具鸡冠状突起,雄蕊5枚,子房上位,5心皮5室。其花器官分化顺序为向心式,萼片—花瓣—雄蕊—雌蕊原基。2枚侧生萼片先发生,然后近轴萼片（即唇瓣）原基和2枚前外侧萼片原基近同时发生;但是这3枚萼片原基的发育不同步,远轴的2枚前外侧萼片原基的发育渐渐滞后,然后停止发育,最后渐渐为周围组织所吸收,直至消失不见。花瓣原基中,旗瓣原基最先发生,4个侧生花瓣原基相继成对发生,且之后在基部成对愈合形成翼瓣;5枚雄蕊原基几乎同时发生,5个心皮原基轮状同时发生。本文结果支持凤仙花属植物为5基数的花,并进一步证实了唇瓣的萼片来源;此外,研究结果表明花器官早期发育资料对植物系统与进化研究具有重要参考价值。     

中国内蒙古中侏罗世脉翅目昆虫化石—新科(英文)

建立脉翅目昆虫化石新科———Grammolingiidaefamnov .,并描述该科化石 3新属 6新种 :Grammolingiaboigen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholingiarhoragen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholingiaeumorphagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholing iapolychotomagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Leptolingiajurassicagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Leptolingiatianyiensisgen .nov .etsp .nov ..给出了新科的属级检索表 ,描述的所有模式标本均采自于内蒙古自治区宁城县中侏罗世九龙山组地层中。标本分别保存在义县博物馆和首都师范大学生物系。本次发现再次表明目前关于脉翅目昆虫的认识仍然十分贫乏。     

A NEW LACEWING FAMILY (NEUROPTERA)FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC OF INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA

Abstract  A new family, Grammolingiidae of fossil lacewings is erected, of which 3 new genera and 6 new species are described and illustrated: Grammolingia boi . gen. nov. et sp. nov., Lithlingia rhra gen. nov. et sp. nov., Litholingia eumopha gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Litholingiu polychotom gen. nov. et sp. nov., Leptolingia jurassica gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Leptolingia tianyiensis gen. noc. et sp. nov. A key to genera within this new family is provided. All specimens described were collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The present discovery demonstrates that present knowledge of the Jurassic Neuropetra fauna remains very poor. The fossil specimens are deposited in Yizhou Fossil Museum and Department of Biology, Capital Normal University, respectively.     

中国东北晚侏罗世虻类化石(昆虫纲:双翅目)

本文论述了辽宁西部上侏罗统虻类６个科的化石,包括１新科,１０个新属和１５个新种。其中Ｐａｌａｅｐａｎｇｏｎｉｕｓ ｅｕｐｔｅｒｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｅｌｐａｎｇｏｎｉｕｓ ｐｌｅｔｕｓ ｇｅｎ,ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ａｌｌｏｍｙｉａ ｒｕｄｅｒａｌｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．均属于虻科（Ｔａｂａｎｉｄａｅ）;Ｏｒｓｏｂｒａｃｈｙｃｅｒｏｎ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ     

竹节虫化石在中国的首次发现及其生物学特征 (竹节虫目:神科,新科)(英文)

本文建立竹节虫目昆虫化石1新科,即Haginhasmatidae,包括3新属,3新种和一个本命名种：Hagiphasmaparadoxagen．etsp．nov,Aethephasmamegistagen．etsp．nov．和Orephasmaeummphagen．etsp.nov,并给出新科内属的检索表。对消化道痕迹和保存完好的亚生殖板进行了分析,并与现代类群作了比较。竹节虫化石在我国是首次报道,所有化石材料均采自河北省和辽宁省晚珠罗世义县组地层中,保存在中国地质博物馆。     

The Cuticles of Two Fossil Cycads and Epiphytic Fungi

Cuticles of two fossil cycads and seven epiphytic fungi are described in this paper. They are Nilssonia sinensis Yabe et Oishi, Ctenis lyrata Li et Ye; Perisporiacites shaheziensis sp. nov., Notothyrites haizhouensis sp. nov., Microthyriacites pilcatus sp. nov., M. fuxinensis sp. nov., Stigmateacites polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., S. simplex gen. et sp. nov., Liaoningnema multinoda gen. et sp. nov. Materials were collected from the Shahezi Formation of Changtu district and the Haizhou Formation in Haizhou mine-field of Li- aoning Province, China. The age of these tossils is Early Cretaceous.     

New ommatids from the Late Jurassic of western Liaoning, China （Coleoptera： Archostemata）

A new genus Amblomma gen. nov. of fossil beetles is erected and can be assignedto the family Ommatidae because its two procoxal cavities are contiguous and the articulations of the abdominal ventrites are abutting. The new genus is similar to Zygadenia Handlirsch, 1906 (=Notocupes Ponomarenko, 1964), Tetraphalerus Waterhouse, 1901,Rhobdocupes Ponomarenko, 1966 and Sinocupes Lin, 1976, but can be distinguished from other genera according to the following characters: the second segment of antennae is shorterthan the third one in length; the posterior tarsi with the basal segment is obviously shorter than the three following taken together in length; the antennae reach the posterior ridge of prothroax in length, and the sides of the prothroax with serrulate margin. Four new species of the new genus are described and figured: Amblomma psilata gen. et sp. nov., Amblomma rudis gen. et sp. nov., Amblomma epicharis gen. et sp. nov., and Amblomma stabilis gen. etsp. nov. A key to species within this new genus is provided. All the specimens are collected from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of western Liaoning and are now housed in the College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.     

山东山旺新发现的中新世松鼠类化石

<正>Three forms of Sciuridae, Tamiops asiaticus (Qiu, 1981) , Sciurus lii sp. nov. , and Oriensciums linquensis gen. et sp. nov. are described from the early-middle Miocene Shanwang Formation at Linqu, Shandong Province. Comparisons of Tamiops asiaticus with Meinia asiatica Qiu, 1981 suggest that neither the size nor the morphology of the bodies and dentition allows the two genera to be distinguished. The genus name Meinia Qiu, 1981 is therefore considered a junior synonym of Tamiops Allen, 1906. S. lii is one of the earliest records for the genus Sciurus . Some isolated teeth from the early Miocene locality Sihong, previously referred to Shuanggouia lui show similarities to S. lii and are assigned to the genus Sciurus in this paper. Redetermination of Shuanggouia argues convincingly for its assignment to Sciurinae rather than Petauristinae. Oriensciurus linquensis exhibits some characters similar to Sciurus in the upper cheek teeth, and to Spermophilinus in the lower ones. The overall dental features, however, group the new genus with tree squirrels. The Shanwang fossil sciurid association highly suggests the Shanwang area was a forest biotope during the Miocene, and indicates an obviously "Transitional Zone" between the modem Oriental Region and the Palearctic Region.     

NEW FOSSIL LACEWINGS AND ANTLIONS (INSECTA, NEUROPTERA) FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS CRATO FORMATION OF BRAZIL

Abstract:  Remarkable new fossil taxa of Neuroptera from the laminated limestone of the Crato Formation, north-east Brazil, are described: Nuddsia longiantennata gen. et sp. nov. (Osmylidae, Gumillinae), the first fossil record of this family from South America, Parapalaeoleon magnus gen. et sp. nov. (Palaeoleontidae), and Triangulochrysopa formosa sp. nov. (Mesochrysopidae). A diagnosis of Gumillinae is provided; Epiosmylidae is considered to be a synonym of this subfamily. A revised diagnosis of Palaeoleontidae is provided, based on a new interpretation of venational characters evident on the exceptionally well-preserved specimen of P. magnus ; vein homologies are determined and the fusion of MP and CuA is discussed. The genus Triangulochrysopa has been known previously only from the Lower Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain.     

Reproductive structures of Rhamnaceae from the Cerro del Pueblo (Late Cretaceous, Coahuila) and Coatzingo (Oligocene, Puebla) Formations, Mexico

Recently discovered fossil flowers from the Cretaceous Cerro del Pueblo and flowers and fruits from the Oligocene Coatzingo Formations are assigned to the Rhamnaceae. The Cretaceous flower, Coahuilanthus belindae Calvillo-Canadell and Cevallos-Ferriz, gen. et sp. nov., is actinomorphic with fused perianth parts forming a slightly campanulate to cupulate floral cup, with sepals slightly keeled and spatulate clawed petals. The Oligocene fossils include Nahinda axamilpensis Calvillo-Canadell and Cevallos-Ferriz, gen. et sp. nov. (characterized by its campanulate bisexual flower with stamens opposite, adnate to and enfolded by petals; and with the ovary ripening into a drupe), and a winged fruit assigned to Ventilago engoto Calvillo-Canadell and Cevallos-Ferriz, sp. nov. The flowers and drupe features indicate closer affinity to Zizipheae and/or Rhamneae, while the single samaroid fruit suggests the presence of Ventilagineae. However, the unique character combination in the fossil flowers precludes placing them in extant genera. Nevertheless, the history of the family is long and can be traced back to the Campanian. A detailed phylogenetic revision of the group that uses morphological characters from both extant and fossil plants is needed to better understand the significance of these records as well as other important fossils of the family.     

Some Fossil Plants from Gutian Formation of Lianyang,Guangdong Province and Their Significance

This paper deals with the fossil plants from Gutian Formation in Lianyang, Guangdong, totaling 14 genera and 18 species. They are: Paracalamites sp., Annularia pinglogensis (Sze) Gu et Zhi, Lobatannularia cathaysiana Yao, L. Multifolia Kon’on et Asama, L. sp., Schizoneura wangtangiana sp. nov., Pecopteris hemitelioides Brongn., P. valida sp. nov., Cladophlebis vavia sp. nov., Danaeites guangdongensis sp. nov., Ptychocarpus unauriculatus sp. nov., Odontopteris plicatoides sp. nov., Neuropteridiopsis longovata gen. et sp. nov., Compsopteris contracta Gu et Zhi, Gigantonoclea crassa sp. nov., Gigantopteris ?nicotianaefolia Schenk, G. parvipinnulata sp. nov. and Rhipidopsis sp. Among them one new genus, 9 new spp. and 2 undetermined spp. are described. According to the fusulinids lived in the late Early Permian era are descovered at the top of this Formation, the geological era of present flora must not be later than late Early Permian. Therefore, the geological era of Gutian Formation are certain to be the Late Early Permian.