海枣曲霉β-D-岩藻糖苷酶的研究

虽然芦β-D-岩藻糖苷酶(EC3．2．1,38)已从多种动植物中分离纯化,但因它们的专一性均不高而难以确证。我们从海枣曲霉(Aspergillus phoenicis)培养物中提取,经过PEG6000-磷酸缓冲液双水相分离,相继用DEAE—sepbadev A-50、羟基磷灰石、Sephadex G-100等柱层析分离,获得了凝腔电泳均一的β-D-岩藻糖苷酶,比话力提高500倍。酶反应的最适条件为40℃和pH 6.0,在35℃以下和pH5．5—6.5稳定。凝胶过滤法测分子量为50000—60000,用SDS—PAGE测出分子量为57000。酶的Km值为2.4mmol／L,Vmax为12．8μmol·min-1·mg-1。金属离子Ag+．Hg2+对酶有强抑制作用,巯基乙醇和牛血清清蛋白以及甘油 和多种糖能提高酶活力。化学修饰结果表明,-SH、-COOH基团和组氨酸,色氨酸残基为酶活力所必需。该酶只能水解pNPβ-D-岩藻糖苷,有严格的底物专一性,并能专一地受D-岩藻培和D-岩藻糖酸-r-内酯所抑制,为迄今为止最专一的β-D-岩藻钠苷酶,堪称该酶的典型代表。     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶的纯化及末端序列研究

海枣曲霉麸曲经水浸提、硫酸铵盐析、凝胶过滤、离子交换层析及ＨＰＬＣ分子排阻层析制备了ＰＡＧＥ,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ、ＰＡＧＥ酶谱及ＨＰＬＣ纯的木聚糖酶。     

海枣曲霉糖苷酶类的化学组成

本文测定的海枣曲霉糖苷酶均为糖蛋白,含糖量分别为：地衣多糖酶7.7％,木聚糖酶X-II 5.8％,木聚糖酶X-III 3.3％,β-半乳糖苷酶14．3％,β-葡萄糖苷酶16．1％,β-木糖苷酶15.5％。这几个酶的氨基酸组成有较大差异,但也有共同特点,即都含有较多酸性与羟基氨基酸,含His,Met较少。将这些酶的氨基酸组成作成星状图,结果这些酶的星状图互不相同,只有β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-木糖苷酶的星状图之间有一定的相似性。比较海枣曲霉糖苷酶和其。他来源的糖苷酶的氨基酸组成的星状图。发现不同来源的同一种酶都有不同程度的相似性,且相似程度与产生菌之间的亲缘关系有很大的相关性。     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶降解寡聚木糖的特性

利用滤纸层析或ＡｃｒｙｌｅｘＰ－２凝胶过滤从落叶松木聚糖硫酸水解液中分离纯化子木二糖至木五糖。采用硅胶薄层层析分析底物和产物的方法研究了海枣霉木聚糖酶降解寡聚木糖的特点。此酶作用于寡糖的最适ＰＨ为５．０,终产物为Ｘ和Ｘ２。酶作用于Ｘ３、Ｘ４及Ｘ５的相对初速度分别为１、３４和４００,Ｘ２几乎不被酶解,推断该酶的底物结合部位至少具有５个亚位点,在高底物浓度,低酶量,远离最适ＰＨ以及在反应初期都能检测到     

海枣曲霉β—葡萄糖苷酶的提纯与性质

A beta-glucosidase has been purified to electrophoretically homogeneity from the wheat bran culture of Aspergillus phoenicis by PEG 6000-phosphate biphasic separation, column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and SE-Sephadex C-50. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 degrees C. It was stable in the pH range of 4.0-7.5 and up to 55 degrees C. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Ag+ and Hg2+. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 118000 as determined by SDS-PAGE and 195000 by gradient-PAGE. The isoelectric point was pI 3.95 as determined by PAGIF.     

海枣曲霉β—木糖苷酶的提纯和性质

从海枣曲霉麦麸培养物抽提液中,通过聚乙二醇６０００－磷酸钾缓冲液双水相分离,相继用Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００凝胶过滤、ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－５０离子交换柱层析、羟基磷石吸附层析、ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－５０离子交换层析、ＳＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｃ－５０离子交换层析以及最适温度为６５℃,在ｐＨ３．５－６．５之间稳定,酶保温３０分钟时的半失活温度（ｔ１／２）为６８℃。酶的分子量为９     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶III糖组成及糖肽结合键研究

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶III经PAGE和SDS-PAGE后用Schiff’s试剂染色证明为糖蛋白。经硅胶薄层层析和毛细管气相色谱测定,每分子酶约含4个葡萄糖和1个甘露糖残基。木聚糖酶III经β一消除反应后在241nm处出现一个新的吸收峰。在N2保护下用含NaBH4的NaoH溶液处理后,其Ser和Thr减少,相对应丙氨酸增加,并出现Ⅸ一氨基丁酸。估测酶分子中存在约3个O-糖苷键,糖残基通过O-糖苷键连接于肽链中丝氨酸或苏氨酸上。     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶Ⅲ糖组成及糖肽结合键研究

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶Ⅲ经PAGE和SDS-PAGE后用Schiff’s试剂染色证明为糖蛋白。经硅胶薄层层析和毛细管气相色谱测定,每分子酶约含4个葡萄糖和1个甘露糖残基。 木聚糖酶Ⅲ经β-消除反应后在241nm处出现一个新的吸收峰。在N_2保护下用含NaBH_4的NaOH溶液处理后,其Ser和Thr减少,相对应丙氨酸增加,并出现α-氨基丁酸。估测酶分户中存在约3个O-糖苷键,糖残墓通过O-糖苷键连接于肽链中丝氨酸或苏氨酸上。     

Purification and characterization of a strictly specific beta-D-fucosidase from Aspergillus phoenicis.

Although beta-D-fucosidase (beta-D-fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.38) has been isolated from various sources, all those enzymes were associated with a high activity of beta-D-galactosidase and/or beta-D-glucosidase. We have purified a specific beta-D-fucosidase in electrophoretically homogeneous form from crude extracts of Aspergillus phoenicis by polyethyleneglycol 8000-phosphate buffer aqueous two-phase separation, and successive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, hydroxyapatite, and Sephadex G-100 columns. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 57,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 50,000 to 60,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 6.0 and 40 degrees C; it was stable in the pH range 5.5-6.5 and below 35 degrees C. The Km and the Vmax values for pNP-beta -D-fucoside were 2.4 mM, and 12.8 mumol.min-1.mg-1, respectively. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl group reagents, p-chloromercuribenzoate, n-ethylmaleimide, and iodoacetate. It was also inhibited by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, diethyl pyrocarbonate, and N-bromosuccinimide. Thus, -SH and -COOH groups and histidyl and tryptophyl residues were essential for enzyme activity. The purified beta-D-fucosidase showed high specificity toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucoside. The enzyme was inhibited by D-fucose and D-fucono-gamma-lactone, but not by D-galactose, D-galactono-gamma-lactone, D-glucose, or D-glucono-gamma-lactone; the latter compounds are specific inhibitors of beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucosidase, respectively. Thus, this enzyme is the most strictly specific beta-D-fucosidase when compared with those previously reported.     

Steroid modification with immobilized mycelium of Aspergillus phoenicis

Summary The bioconversion of progesterone by Aspergillus phoenicis has been studied. The metabolism in our conditions of experiment gave five important products. About 10 hours were necessary to obtain the highest concentration of 11--hydroxyprogesterone. During this time, 90% of progesterone were transformed at the optimal pH value 2.5. The transformations were tested using different immobilization methods which merits and limitations will be discussed.     

The production, purification and characterisation of two novel alpha-D-mannosidases from Aspergillus phoenicis

1,6-alpha-D-Mannosidase from Aspergillus phoenicis was purified by anion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocussing and size-exclusion chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was 74 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 81 kDa by native-PAGE. The isoelectric point was 4.6. 1,6-alpha-D-Mannosidase had a temperature optimum of 60 degrees C, a pH optimum of 4.0-4.5, a K(m) of 14 mM with alpha-D-Manp-(1-->6)-D-Manp as substrate. It was strongly inhibited by Mn(2+) and did not need Ca(2+) or any other metal cofactor of those tested. The enzyme cleaves specifically (1-->6)-linked mannobiose and has no activity towards any other linkages, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside or baker's yeast mannan. 1,3(1,6)-alpha-D-Mannosidase from A. phoenicis was purified by anion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocussing and size-exclusion chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was 97 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 110 kDa by native-PAGE. The 1,3(1,6)-alpha-D-mannosidase enzyme existed as two charge isomers or isoforms. The isoelectric points of these were 4.3 and 4.8 by isoelectric focussing. It cleaves alpha-D-Manp-(1-->3)-D-Manp 10 times faster than alpha-D-Manp-(1-->6)-D-Manp, has very low activity towards p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and baker's yeast mannan, and no activity towards alpha-D-Manp-(1-->2)-D-Manp. The activity towards (1-->3)-linked mannobiose is strongly activated by 1mM Ca(2+) and inhibited by 10mM EDTA, while (1-->6)-activity is unaffected, indicating that the two activities may be associated with different polypeptides. It is also possible that one polypeptide may have two active sites catalysing distinct activities.