植醇与寡糖对红花悬浮培养细胞的生长及α-生育酚积累的效应

在红花细胞悬浮培养基中加入α-生育酚的前体植醇能显著增加α-生育酚的积累,较高浓度的植醇(50～100 ppm)能同时促进细胞的生长。在培养基中加入抗氧剂角鲨烯也能提高α-生育酚的积累。诱导因子寡糖对细胞的生长和α-生育酚含量均有提高作用,其中以寡糖F_(11)效果较佳。悬浮细胞培养基中同时加入15ppm的寡糖F_(11),75ppm的植醇和100 ppm的角鲨烯,细胞生长速率可提高23.81％,α-生育酚含量及产率分别比对照提高2.8倍和3.6倍。     

人参寡糖素M对红花培养细胞生长与α-生育酚形成的影响

人参寡糖素M能提高红花(Carthamus tinctorius)培养细胞的生长速率和培养细胞中代谢产物α-生育酚的含量。其最适作用浓度在愈伤组织培养中为5mg/L。在红花细胞悬浮培养加入人参寡糖素M1d后,培养细胞中α-生育酚的含量即提高,但由于累积效应,因而于细胞接种当天同时加入人参寡糖素M对细胞生长和α-生育酚含量的提高效果较好。加入人参寡糖素M可缩短红花悬浮培养细胞生长的延缓期,并于指数生长期作用最明显;另外可使细胞生长及α-生育酚积累同时提前达到最高值,因而缩短了细胞收获时间。     

人参寡糖素对三七悬浮培养细胞生长的效应

从人参培养细胞的细胞壁中分离纯化到不同分子量的单体人参寡糖素。试验结果表明命名为人参寡糖素Ⅶ和人参寡糖素Ⅷ的两种寡糖素对三七悬浮培养细胞的生长具有明显的促进作用,其增长率分别为１９．３４％和１０．５８％,人参寡糖素Ⅶ的适宜浓度为５—１０ｍｇ／ｌ。在高浓度下（大于２５ｍｇ／ｌ）稍抑制培养细胞生长。在细胞培养２２天（指数生长期）后．加入１０ｍｇ／ｌ的人参寡糖素Ⅶ．然后再培养２天。其生长速率即提高,加入人参寡糖素Ⅷ后．缩短了三七细胞悬浮培养生长的延缓期．提前进入对数生长期和指数生长期,并在对数生长期和指数生长期作用最明显,因而最终收获时培养细胞的产率增加。     

寡糖素对红花及三七培养细胞的生理作用

三种寡糖素,即来自人参(Panax ginseng)培养细胞的人参寡糖素、红花(Carthamus tinctorius)培养细胞的红花寡糖素、黑节草(Dendrobium candidum)植物的黑节草寡糖素对红花及三七 (Panax notoginseng)的培养细胞的生长及代谢产物的含量均有显著的促进作用。寡糖素可耐高温高压(121℃、1.2bs／cm2)灭菌15分钟而不失活,其对植物培养细胞的影响与利用过滤方法灭菌的效果相似。红花寡糖素对红花悬浮培养细胞作用的适宜浓度是5-10mg/L,而在愈伤组织中为15mg/L,在三七培养细胞进入生长旺盛(培养至22天)时加入黑节草寡糖素,再培养2天后其生长即提高。黑节草寡糖素均能缩短红花及三七培养细胞生长的延缓期,提前进入对数生长期及指数生长期。并且使红花培养细胞中a-生育酚在细胞生长最活跃的指数生长期大量积累,最终增加了培养细胞及代谢产物的产率。     

红花愈伤组织诱导、生长及其α-生育酚的产生

通过TLC和HPLC初步分析和鉴定,证明从红花(Carthamus tinctorius)无菌苗的胚根、胚轴及子叶和花蕾中诱导出的愈伤组织均具有合成α-生育酚的能力。其中以胚轴的愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞的生长速率及α-生育酚的含量较高,分别达到0.35、0.39克干重/升·天和0.62、2.28毫克/100克干重样品。对红花细胞生长较适宜的培养基为MC培养基。培养基中附加10％椰子汁或0.1％酪蛋白氨基酸可使细胞生长显著提高,分别达到0.45和0.41克干重/升·天。     

真菌诱导子对悬浮培养西洋参细胞的生理效应

报道了不同真菌诱导子对悬浮培养的西洋参（Ｐａｎａｘｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｆｏｌｉｕｍ）细胞生长、皂甙和多糖合成,以及细胞内和培养液中过氧化物酶活性的生理效应。悬浮培养的西洋参细胞经刺盘孢菌（Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｎｉｃｏｌｔｉａｎａｅ）丝体诱导子处理后,总皂甙产率可由对照的２９６ｍｇ／Ｌ增加到６７９ｍｇ／Ｌ（约占细胞干重的（１６．３％）,比对照提高约１．３倍,而且总皂甙的８５％排放在培养液中;经黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｒａｎ）诱导子处理后,细胞多糖含量可达到１１．７９％（细胞干重）,比对照增加１倍多。初步纯化的刺盘孢菌丝体诱导子和尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓｕｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）滤液诱导子在诱导处理前期能明显促进西洋参细胞生长,同时细胞内及培养液中过氧化物酶活性显著增加;随时间延长,细胞生长和酶活性逐步受到抑制。     

药用植物人参愈伤组织的诱导培养与悬浮细胞体系建立

人参(Panax ginseng C.A Meyer)是五加科人参属植物,其主要药效活性成分为人参皂苷,具有广泛的药理作用。为建立人参愈伤组织诱导培养体系,以探索实现工程化细胞大规模生产人参皂苷的有效途径。本研究以人参根切片作为外植体,成功诱导出质地松疏、生长迅速、易于分散、启动较早的淡黄色透明状的愈伤组织,建立了适合于长期继代培养的人参细胞系,为深入开展人参干细胞分化及人参皂苷生物合成分子调控研究提供了理想的模型与基础。     

寡糖素对红花及三七培养细胞的生理作用

三种寡糖素,即来自人参（Ｐａｎａｘ ｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ）培养细胞的人参寡糖素、红花（Ｃａｒｔｈａｍｕｓ ｔｉｎｃｔｏｒｉｕｓ）培养细胞的红花寡糖素、黑节草（Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｂｉｕｍ ｃａｎｄｉｄｕｍ）植物的黑节草寡糖素对红花及三七（Ｐａｎａｘ ｎｏｔｏｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ）的培养细胞的生长及代谢产物的含量均有显著的促进作用。寡糖素可耐高温高压（１２１℃、．ｂｓ／ｃｍ＾２）灭菌１５分钟而不失活,其对植物培养细胞的     

诱导物及前体物对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响

未经高温处理的黑曲霉诱导物对香荚兰细胞培养产生香兰素有促进作用;苯丙氨酸有利于香荚兰细胞生长,但对香兰素的合成无影响;阿魏酸则减缓细胞生长,明显促进香兰素的合成,但其浓度不宜高于5mmol/L。     

红花细胞克隆的平板培养

在红花(Cathamus unctorrus)细胞克隆的平板培养中很多因素都能影响其植板率,如培养基的 pH 值,无机盐中的 NH_4NO_3、ZnSO_4、MnSO_4;有机酸中的柠檬酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸及延胡索酸,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸,葡萄糖,椰乳和水解乳蛋白等。向培养基中加入10mg/l 柠檬酸或3mg/l 琥珀酸能显著提高植板率。适量的人参寡糖及黑节草寡糖应用对促进红花细胞克隆生长取得很好效果。常规的高压灭菌最不利于细胞生长,在15磅/cm~2灭菌5分钟效果较好,过滤灭菌效果最好。     

HISTOLOGY AND INHERITANCE OF THE CLOSED FLOWER IN CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS (COMPOSITAE)

Three different closed flower types were identified in safflower and were classified as arrowhead, bar, and cage. Histological observations revealed that the closed flower condition is caused by a differentiation of epidermal cells into papillae that become interdigited. The primary difference between the three types is the length of the fused edge along the petal lobe. The papillae are pointed and have thickened walls of cutin. Reduced seed set results from changes in the internal environment during microsporogenesis. The expression of each closed flower type is governed by a single gene; the arrowhead, bar, and cage types have, respectively, the genotypes arar, baba, and coca.     

CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT IN THE GERMINATING SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS) COTYLEDON

Proplastids in the mesophyll cells of the cotyledons of mature seeds of safflower are irregular in shape and compressed in narrow corners between the large inclusion bodies, oil vacuoles and protein bodies. The proplastids contain a few irregular internal membranes. During dark germination, sheets or sac-like membranes are produced by the activity of the inner component of the proplastid envelope. These continuous membranes become reticulate and aggregate to the center of the proplastid to form after seven days' germination a quasicrystalline prolamellar body. The membranes are at first irregularly arranged and are of two sorts: those found in the interior of the developing prolamellar body, composed of laterally connected spherical profiles, and those on the periphery of the prolamellar body, which are continuous smooth sheets. The prolamellar body in these dark-germinated proplastids reverts after 3 hr of illumination to the irregularly arranged membranous structure of the 5-day dark germination stage. After 6 hr of illumination membranes grow from the prolamellar body forming concentric loops which, in cross section, appear as concentric circles. These membranes must be nested semi-spheroids. Small grana appear immediately on these looped membranes close to the prolamellar body. With further illumination additional grana develop along the looped membranes in close proximity to the slowly disappearing prolamellar body. Grana increase in size and number along the looped intergranal membranes. The prolamellar body disappears after 15 hr of illumination. The interconnecting fret membranes, sparse at the 15-hr stage, increase and after 24-hr illumination result in the typical grana fretwork system of the mature chloroplast. Membranes are continuously being produced by the invagination of the inner member of the plastid envelope.     

桔青霉诱导子对红豆杉培养细胞中紫杉醇生物合成的影响

在红豆杉培养红胞中,桔青霉诱导子促进紫杉醇的合成。将培养６－７ｄ的桔青霉菌丝体的粗提物,以５０μｇ碳水化合物／ｍｌ培养液的浓度加入到处于指数生长期末期的红豆杉培养细胞中,诱导子促进紫杉醇合成的作用最大。高压灭菌处理２０－９０ｍｉｎ,不影响诱导子的活性。     

生物诱导子在植物细胞培养生产次生产物中的应用

生物诱导子作为一种有效的调控手段,在植物细胞培养中能促进生物碱,皂甙、酚类、萜类、黄酮类等多种次生产物的积累,因而得到广泛应用。     

不同培养基成分在球虫细胞培养中的作用

比较不同基础培养基（α－ＭＥＭ、ＲＰＭＩ１６４０）和培养基的添加成分（胎牛清血、小牛血清、鸡血清和胰岛素）对鸡球虫Ｅ．ｔｅｎｅｌｌａ（ｗｉｓ株）细胞培养的影响结果发现：α－ＭＥＭ优于ＲＰＭＩ１６４０，鸡血清优于国外普遍使用的胎牛血清。胰岛素有促进细胞生长，促进球虫裂殖体和卵囊形成的作用。     

红花胚珠和雌配子体发育

用石蜡切片法研究了红花的大孢子发生和雌配子体发育过程,得到以下结果：（１）胚珠发育为薄珠心类型,倒生胚珠,具单珠被。（２）胚囊发育蓼型。（３）有珠被绒毛层,珠被绒毡层起始于大孢子母细胞时期,单核胚囊阶段高度发育,受精后从合点端逐渐退化。珠孔塞细胞呈毛状。