固氮螺菌(Azospirillum.brasilenseYu-62)中固氮酶活性的氨关闭现象

固氮螺菌(A.brasilense)Yu-62在以谷氨酸为氮源好气液体培养条件下,氨离子使固氮酶迅速失活,Western blotting实验证明这种失活的分子基础是固氮酶铁蛋白一亚基被修饰.测定加NH_4~ 后细胞内α-ketoglutarte和glutamine的含量.α-ketoglutarate/glutamine比值在加NH_4~ 后瞬间下降然后上升,而细胞内ATP/ADP的比值没有明显变化.谷氨酸合成酶的抑制剂azaserine使固氮酶失活.Western blotting实验表明这种失活的分子基础也是固氮酶铁蛋白一亚基被修饰.测定加azaserine后细胞内α-ketoglutarate及glutamine比值的变化以及外源α-ketoglutarate及glutamine对细胞固氮活性的影响,表明细胞内一些小分子化合物的变化可能是作用于固氮酶活性氨关闭的重要因素.     

固氮螺菌(Azospirillum.brasilenseYu-62)中固氮酶活性的氨关闭现象

固氮螺菌(A.brasilense)Yu-62在以谷氨酸为氮源好气液体培养条件下,氨离子使固氮酶迅速失活,Western blotting实验证明这种失活的分子基础是固氮酶铁蛋白一亚基被修饰.测定加NH_4^+后细胞内α-ketoglutarte和glutamine的含量.α-ketoglutarate/glutamine比值在加NH_4^+后瞬间下降然后上升,而细胞内ATP/ADP的比值没有明显变化.谷氨酸合成酶的抑制剂azaserine使固氮酶失活.Western blotting实验表明这种失活的分子基础也是固氮酶铁蛋白一亚基被修饰.测定加azaserine后细胞内α-ketoglutarate及glutamine比值的变化以及外源α-ketoglutarate及glutamine对细胞固氮活性的影响,表明细胞内一些小分子化合物的变化可能是作用于固氮酶活性氨关闭的重要因素.     

固氮螺菌(Azospirillum.brasilenseYu-62)中固氮酶活性的氨关闭现象

固氮螺菌(A.brasilense)Yu-62在以谷氨酸为氮源好气液体培养条件下,氨离子使固氮酶迅速失活,Western blotting实验证明这种失活的分子基础是固氮酶铁蛋白一亚基被修饰.测定加NH_4~+后细胞内α-ketoglutarte和glutamine的含量.α-ketoglutarate/glutamine比值在加NH_4~+后瞬间下降然后上升,而细胞内ATP/ADP的比值没有明显变化.谷氨酸合成酶的抑制剂azaserine使固氮酶失活.Western blotting实验表明这种失活的分子基础也是固氮酶铁蛋白一亚基被修饰.测定加azaserine后细胞内α-ketoglutarate及glutamine比值的变化以及外源α-ketoglutarate及glutamine对细胞固氮活性的影响,表明细胞内一些小分子化合物的变化可能是作用于固氮酶活性氨关闭的重要因素.     

氧对固氮螺菌(Azospirillum brasilense)Yu 62固氮酶活性的调节作用

本文研究了在好气条件下,在以谷氨酸为氮源的液体培养基中,固氮螺菌(Azospirllumbrasilense)Yu62固氮酶形成的条件及溶氧压对固氮酶活性的影响。厌氧使整体细胞固氮酶迅速失活;而见氧后固氮酶又重新恢复活性。Western blotting实验证实,这种可逆失活的分子基础,是由于固氮酶铁蛋白-亚基被修饰和去修饰。呼吸抑制剂KCN对固氮酶活性的抑制,亦是由于固氮酶铁蛋白被修饰。因此推论细胞内的能量状态可能是启动固氮酶活化酶系统的重要信号。谷氨酰胺合成酶的抑制剂MSX不能去除厌氧和KCN引起的抑制作用。结果表明：固氮酶活性的NH+4和厌氧关闭可能通过不同的机制起作用。     

固氮蓝藻与棕色固氮菌固氮酶组分的交叉互补功能

本文报告了藻菌之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补试验。初步结果证明：固氮蓝藻(Anabaena azotica水生686)的钼铁蛋白与棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)的铁蛋白之间存在着明显的互补功能。但这种蓝藻的铁蛋白在非细胞形态下很不稳定,易于失活。本实验为不同生理类型和不同进化程度的固氮生物之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补研究提供了新的资料。     

渗透胁迫下蓝藻固氮的氧稳定性研究

在聚乙二醇（PEG）的影响下．蓝藻固氮活性下降,对氧的不稳定性增大。PEG浓度愈高,固氮活性及其对氧的稳定性愈小。暗处理、光合抑制剂、N2和厌氧环境加剧氧对受渗透胁迫蓝藻固氮酶活的抑制,而CO2、蔗糖、分子氢以及N2和CO2的加合则使之减轻。     

固氮蓝藻与棕色固氮菌固氮酶组分的交叉互补功能

本文报告了藻菌之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补试验。初步结果证明:固氮蓝藻(Anabacnaazotica水生686)的钼铁蛋白与棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)的铁蛋白之间存在着明显的互补功能。但这种蓝藻的铁蛋白在非细胞形态下很不稳定,易于失活。本实验为不同生理类型和不同进化程度的固氮生物之间固氮酶组分的交叉互补研究提供了新的资料。       

肺炎克氏杆菌的nifA基因产物在巴西固氮螺菌中的功效

通过三亲本杂交将质粒pCK3{携带改变了启动子的肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneuma-niae)nifA 基因]引入巴西固氮螺菌(Azospirillum brasilense)Yu62菌株中,由此获得的转移接合子巴西固氮螺菌Yu62-4菌株在6．0 mmol/L以上NH+4浓度下,能表现出微弱的固氮酶活性(相当于无NH+4时活性的0．3-0．5％),而野生型Yu62则全部丧失固氮酶活性。固氯酶的丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和铁蛋白的免疫杂交实验表明,转移接合子Yu62-4在高NH+4(50mmol／L)下,虽有铁蛋白合成,但合成量比无NH+4时少得多,而且有一部分铁蛋白未被共价修饰;野生型菌株Yu62在此NH+4浓度下无铁蛋白合成。实验结果表明：外源(来自肺炎克氏杆菌)的基因产物在巴西固氮螺菌Yu62中不能有效地解除NH+4对该菌固氮酶合成的阻遏作用。本文分析了出现这种现象的原因。     

几种固氮蓝藻的固氮酶活性及其某些特性

对三种固氮蓝藻：固氮鱼腥藻(水生686)、柱孢鱼腥藻和鱼腥藻7120的整细胞及无细胞抽提液的固氮酶活性,进行了比较研究。水生686的整细胞酶活虽然不低(51．9毫米乙烯峰高／光密度／30分),仅次于柱孢鱼腥藻,但其无细胞抽提液的酶活却最低。这可能与它含有大量藻胶有关。研究了Mn^ 、Fe^ 对蓝藻固氮酶的作用,以及测定其在不同酶浓度下的反应动力学表明：柱孢鱼腥藻中不存在象深红螺菌中所看到的那种激活因子。用甲苯-乙醇溶液处理藻细胞,对固氮酶作原位测定,探索了它的氧损伤及氧保护机理。     

巴西固氮螺菌中PⅡ和Pz在固氮调节中的不同使用

在巴西固氮螺菌（Azospirillum brasilense)中,glnB和glnZ是两个高度同源基因,分别位于3.7kgb/EcoRI PstI和3.7kb/SalI的两个不同的染色体片段上。用卡那霉素盒（Km^r-cas-sette)插入法,对glnB和glnZ分别进行定位诱变,并获得相应的突变株,即glnB^-和glnZ^-。研究表明,glnB^-突变株丧失固氮酶活性,表现为Nif^-,glnZ^-象野生型菌株一样具有固氮酶活性。为了进一步研究这两个基因的功能,将glnB和glnZ分别构建在pVK100载体上形成重组质粒pVK-Ⅱ和pVK-Z,对glnB^-和glnZ^-突变株进行互补实验,进一步证明了glnB与固氮酶活直接相关性,而glnZ无此作用。同时,通过三亲接合法将pVK-Ⅱ和pVK-Z分别转移到巴西固氮螺菌野生型Yu62和具有一定抗铵能力的draT^-突变株中,使glnB和glnZ的拷贝数增加,进一步比较它们的固氮酶活性。结果表明多拷贝的glnB基因,能显著提高固氮酶活性,而多拷贝的glnZ对固氮酶活性无影响。同时,将pVK-Ⅱ和pVK-Z分别转移到nifA^-突变株中,结果表明glnB和glnZ均不能恢复nifA^-的固氮酶活性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.