兔的一种新病毒 II．一株兔出血症病毒的某些理化性质的研究

采用氯仿、聚乙二醇。硫酸葡聚糖钠盐二相系统和蔗糖密度梯度离心法,从患病兔肝组织中提取、纯化病毒。该病毒粒子无囊膜,呈20面体对称,直径一般为33—37 nm。其三角剖分数T=3,共有32个子粒,每一子粒为中空的、外径为9 nm左右的圆形轮廓。经蔗糖密度梯度离心后,可获得沉降系数为166s的病毒颗粒,这种颗拉具有很强的感染性。经SDS—PAGE测得病毒粒子有四种多肽,分子量分别为66．4k、65．Ok、63．5k、41．Ok。二苯胺试验,吖啶橙染色、甲醛试验及热变性曲线表明,该病毒是单链DNA病毒。电镜下经甲酰胺法展层的病毒核酸呈单链线状,分子量平均为2．1×106道尔顿。此病毒的上述性质类似于细小病毒。 53s中空的圆形子粒,有很强的血凝性,而对照组铁蛋白和同一条件下所制备正常兔肝 成份无凝血特性,说明53s的9nm粒子应为病毒外壳蛋白子粒。     

兔的一种新病毒：...

In the spring 1986, an acute infectious disease occurred in Wuhan Second Producing Medical Manufactory, and the rabbit almost died. We tested the mortal symptom and confirmed rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD) as same as Huang Yinyao report. Hubei Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute appear this RHD also. After we purified virus of above two source by low speed, high speed and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, they can react with antiserum of RHDV from Nanjing Agricultural University in agar gel immunodiffusion tests. These results proved that they belong to the same serotype. Data indicate RHDV have difference morphological superstructure, viral polypeptides and especially RHDV can't react with antiserum of standard Parvovirus of rabbit and so on, so we suggest RHDV is a new virus.     

一种新病毒——兔出血症病毒的鉴定初报

从我国新发生的一种家兔急性败血性传染病死兔内脏抽提物中,观察到典型的病毒粒子,回归兔可引起典型发病,再从病死兔内脏回收到同样病毒,证明该病系病毒性传染病,暂定名为“兔病毒性出血症”,病原暂定为“兔出血症病毒”。经初步鉴定,认为本病毒可能是一种首次发现的新病毒,属双股RNA病毒。但从病毒大小和核酸节段看,又不同于呼肠病毒科。最终归属正在进一步研究。     

兔的一种新病毒 IlI.兔出血症病毒形态的超微结构和抗原性的研究

1986年春,武汉市第二制药厂(WSPMM)试验用家兔突然口鼻渗出鲜血,几乎全部猝死。作者观察了罹病死亡的症状,认为此病例与黄印尧等所报道的相同。湖北省中医药研究院(HTCMI)也发生此病的流行。作者对这两种不同来源的病料,进行相同的处理,提取病毒粗纯物,回接同种动物,可引起同样典型的发病症状。进一步将死亡兔的肝、睥等脏器组织匀浆。经低速、高速、超速和蔗糖密度梯度离心后制样,电镜观察可见典型的病毒柱子。以上两种病毒粒子制备的抗血清和南京农业大学的兔出血症病毒抗原在双扩散沉淀中,产生典型的沉淀反应,说明三种病毒抗原的一致性。但是湖北株、南京农业大学病毒株抗原和日本细小病毒的抗血清,在双扩散反应时均无沉淀反应。湖北株病毒的形态大小、超微结构、外壳蛋白的 多肽和血清学特性,均不同于标准兔细小病毒,可能是一新的病毒。     

用对流电泳提纯兔出血症病毒

兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）在ｐＨ８．６的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,在负极侧有一血凝峰,免疫电镜观察有大硅ＲＨＤＶ颗粒,证实ＲＨＤＶ病毒粒子带正电荷。利用这一特性可用对流电泳提纯病毒。将抗体与病毒颗粒形成的沉淀带切下,作ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ,经免疫转印出现６条区带,其中６０ｋＤ的ＶＰ_１为主要结构多肽。用免疫复合物提取核酸,以狄高辛标记制成探针,能与病毒核酸和克隆的ＲＨＤＶｃＤＮＡ２．２ｋｂ片段和４．８ｋｂ片段杂交,探针灵敏度达ｐｇ水平。能用病毒核酸作模板制备探针,证实ＲＨＤＶ的核酸为ＤＮＡ。     

兔出血症病毒的某些物理化学性质

1984年,江苏无锡地区家兔暴发流行一种新的急性传染病。病死率高于90％,抗菌素治疗无效。随后国内其它一些地区也相继发生。 对病兔的肝、肺悬液做电镜检查,发现了许多近球形的病毒颗粒。用此悬液接种易感     

兔出血症病毒结构多肽分析

粗提病毒经Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ层析后,获得纯化的兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）。提纯病毒经过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ经考马斯亮蓝染色显示Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ和Ｇ７条多肽,凝胶扫描显示Ａ为ＲＨＤＶ主要结构多肽。用多抗和单抗作免疫转印分析,证实Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、和Ｇ为结构多肽,此６条结构多肽间的抗原关系十分密切。     

兔出血症病毒2型理化特性研究

[目的]本研究旨在研究该病毒的理化特性,评价不同处理条件对RHDV2的杀灭效果.[方法]本研究拟对临床疑似RHDV2感染致死的家兔进行RT-PCR鉴定病原,并利用不同pH值、不同温度、常用兽用消毒剂、不同浓度甲醛处理RHDV2,通过PMA-RT-qPCR对病毒理化特性进行研究.[结果]经RT-PCR检测与测序分析,确诊...     

Detection and preliminary characterization of a new rabbit calicivirus related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus but nonpathogenic.

A new rabbit calicivirus related to the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was identified. The new virus contains significant differences from the previously characterized RHDV isolates in terms of pathogenicity, viral titer, tropism, and primary sequence of the structural protein. Cross-protection experiments, antigenic data, and sequence comparisons demonstrate that the new virus is more closely related to RHDV than to the European brown hare syndrome virus, another member of the caliciviruses of the lagomorph group. The existence of a nonpathogenic calicivirus, which we propose to name rabbit calicivirus (RCV), provides an explanation for the early discrepancies found in the course of serological surveys of the rabbit population in European countries.     

Processing of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus polyprotein.

Expression of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) cDNAs in vitro with rabbit reticulocyte lysates and in Escherichia coli have been used to study the proteolytic processing of RHDV polyprotein encoded by ORF1. An epitope tag was used for monitoring the gene products by a specific antibody. We have identified four gene products with molecular masses of 80, 43, 73, and 60 kDa, from the amino to the carboxy terminus of the polyprotein. The amino-terminal sequences of the 43- and 73-kDa products were determined and indicated that RHDV 3C proteinase cleaved Glu-Gly peptide bonds.     

一株兔出血症病毒2型毒株的分离鉴定

[背景]我国于2020年4月突发兔出血症病毒2型(Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2,RHDV2)疫情,严重威胁兔养殖业和生态平衡,而且目前国内对RHDV2的病原学以及遗传特征等基础研究匮乏.[目的]分离鉴定RHDV2毒株,对分离株进行全基因测序与遗传进化分析.[方法]对成都某兔场疑似...     

Identification and characterization of the virus causing rabbit hemorrhagic disease.

Liver tissue from animals that died of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) was used to identify the causative agent. After extraction of liver homogenates and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, distinct bands were obtained. The respective gradient fractions reacted positively in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as in hemagglutination assays and were infective for rabbits. These fractions contained virions which had a diameter of 40 nm and resembled morphologically those of the family Caliciviridae. By immunoblotting, a major structural protein with a molecular weight of 60,000 was identified. Highly pure RNA of about 8 kilobases was isolated from virions. Labeled cDNA synthesized from virion RNA detected two RNAs of 8 and 2 kilobases in Northern (RNA) blots of liver RNA from animals infected with RHD virus. Finally, isolated virion RNA injected into the liver of rabbits produced a disease with clinical symptoms and pathological findings typical of RHD. We conclude that a calicivirus represents the causative agent of RHD.     

Protection against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease with recombinant myxoma viruses expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein.

Two myxoma virus-rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) recombinant viruses were constructed with the SG33 strain of myxoma virus to protect rabbits against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease. These recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). The recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic, as revealed by its reaction in immunoprecipitation with antibodies raised against RHDV. Both recombinant viruses induced high levels of RHDV- and myxoma virus-specific antibodies in rabbits after immunization. Inoculations by the intradermal route protected animals against virulent RHDV and myxoma virus challenges.     

猪瘟病毒在PK细胞和MPK细胞中繁殖过程的研究

以猪瘟病毒疫苗Ｔｈｉｖｅｒｖａｌ株（Ｔ株）为实验材料,研究该病毒株在ＰＫ１５细胞中增殖的基本特性与规律。在ＰＫ１５细胞中,猪瘟病毒Ｔ株在感染后１２ｈ即可检测到子代病毒粒子。接毒后４８ｈ,几乎所有的细胞都被病毒感染;到６０ｈ,释放到培养液中有活性的病毒粒子达到最高峰,为１０７ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ。培养液中的病毒粒子在３７℃半寿期只有３个小时。同时,建立了ＭＰＫ细胞ＣＳＦＶＴ株的感染模式,其ＣＳＦＶ的滴度可达１０８ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ。在此基础上,用抗ＣＳＦＶ包膜蛋白Ｅ２和非结构蛋白ｐ１２０的单克隆抗体显示了病毒在细胞中增殖的部位,进而应用电镜技术观察到成熟的病毒粒子及可能处在不同发育阶段的子代病毒粒子     

Purification and some properties of a new strain of cowpea mild mottle virus in Israel*

The virus responsible for tomato pale chlorosis disease in Israel was purified from Nicotiana glutinosa plants. Purified virus contained a single stranded RN A of mol. wt 2.5 × 10⁶ and a single coat protein subunit of mol. wt 31 000. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunoelectron microscopy decoration test demonstrated a serological relationship with cowpea mild mottle virus (CMMV). Based on the present study and previously reported data the virus was identified as a new strain of CMMV designated CMMV/I.     

Identification and characterization of a 3C-like protease from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, a calicivirus.

Expression studies conducted in vitro and in Escherichia coli led to the identification of a protease from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The gene coding for this protease was found to be located in the central part of the genome preceding the putative RNA polymerase gene. It was demonstrated that the protease specifically cuts RHDV polyprotein substrates both in cis and in trans. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the RHDV protease closely resembles the 3C proteases of picornaviruses with respect to the amino acids directly involved in the catalytic activity as well as to the role played by histidine as part of the substrate binding pocket.