嗜热栖热菌HB 8耐热α-葡萄糖苷酶的提纯和性质

嗜热栖热菌HB 8(Thermus thermophilus<.I> H8 8 )的耐热α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-glucosidaseEC．.2.1.20)经硫酸铵分步沉淀、DEAE-纤维素柱层析和垂直板制备凝胶电泳提纯,经盘状凝胶电泳鉴定为单一区带,比活提高17倍。酶作用最适温度80℃,最适pH5．8,分子量67000,等电点Pl为4.5。该酶能够水解对硝基酚α--D-葡萄糖苷(PNPG)、蔗糖和麦芽糖,但不水解纤维二糖、蜜二糖、可溶性淀粉。酶作用于PNPG的米氏常数(Km)为0.4mmol／L,最大反应速度Vmax为0.29umol·nmin-1·mg-1。金属离子Mg2+、Mn2+、Ca2+和Ba2+对酶有激活怍用,Hg2+和Cu2+有强烈抑制作用。酶表现出极好的热稳定性,在90℃保温10小时后,仍保留90％的原始酶活力,在95℃的失活半寿期(t1/2)为108分钟．经蛋白质侧链化学修饰研究表明,羧基和组氨酸残基为其表现话力所必需。     

嗜热栖热菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因的表达及酶学性质研究

用PCR方法从嗜热栖热菌(Thermus thermophilus)HB27中扩增出编码α-葡萄糖苷酶基因hbg,将其克隆到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)表达载体pET28a( )上,电击转化E.coliBL21(DE3),获得高效表达hbg基因的大肠杆菌重组菌。重组菌经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测表达蛋白相对分子质量约为59kD,与预期分子量相符。经镍柱和阴离子交换柱纯化的重组表达的α-葡萄糖苷酶HBG最适温度为95℃,最适pH值为5.0。     

嗜热厌氧乙醇杆菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因的表达及酶学性质的研究

用PCR方法从嗜热厌氧乙醇杆菌(Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus)JW200中扩增出编码a-葡萄糖苷酶的基因,将其克隆到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)表达载体pTrc99A上并获得表达a-葡萄糖苷酶的大肠杆菌重组菌。重组菌经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测出蛋白相对分子量约89kDa,经阴离子交换层析和凝胶层析纯化后的a-葡萄糖苷酶最适反应温度为70℃,最适反应pH为5～5.5,且在pH 5.5～6.5之间有较高的稳定性。重组a-葡萄糖苷酶在70℃下105 min后酶活仍达到80%。     

黑曲霉β—葡萄糖苷酶的提纯与性质

从黑曲霉Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ发酵液中分离提纯了β－葡萄糖苷酶。提纯步骤通过（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４分级沉淀,ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－５０和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００等三步纯化,得到凝胶电泳均一的β－葡萄糖苷酶。     

嗜热古菌Thermofilum adornatum来源的高温热激活β-葡萄糖苷酶TaBgl3的原核表达及酶学性质研究

【目的】β-葡萄糖苷酶，又称β-D-葡萄糖苷水解酶，属于纤维素酶类，是一种降解纤维素的关键限速酶。来源于嗜热古菌的β-葡萄糖苷酶已被广泛验证具有酸性高温等特性，已成为高温酶的研究热点之一。本文对尚未报道的来源于嗜热古菌中一种热丝菌（Thermofilum adornatum）的GH3家族的葡萄糖苷酶，进行了原核表达和酶学性质测定，以期找到更优的β-葡萄糖苷酶。【方法】从NCBI数据库中获得了嗜热古菌（T.adornatum）来源的GH3氨基酸序列，构建重组质粒p ET-30a（+）-TaBgl3，并在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli） BL21（DE3）感受态细胞中诱导表达重组蛋白；采用磁珠纯化，研究其酶学性质。【结果】重组蛋白TaBgl3的分子量为77.0 kDa；酶学性质结果表明，其最适反应条件为80°C和pH 5.0，在70°C保温处理1–4 h，对TaBgl3的酶活力有促进作用，在最适温度80°C处理2 h后，其激活作用更加明显，能提高40%以上的酶活；其在pH 5.0–8.0下37°C保温1 h，仍具有60%以上的活性；底物为对硝基苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（p NP...     

从嗜热栖热菌中提取超氧物歧化酶的研究

嗜热栖热菌(Thermus thermophilus)ATCC 27634是一种适于75—80℃高温中生长的微生物。该菌超氧物歧化酶为一胞内酶,分子量为80000,由181个氨基酸组成。本试验对其发酵、破菌、Rnasel酶解、硫酸铵盐析、滤除小分子物质、上DE-32Ⅰ、DE-32Ⅱ柱分离等条件进行了一系列研究,提取到了热稳定性较商的Mn²⁺-SOD,比活力为3000u/mg,回收率达78.0%。     

嗜热淀粉芽孢杆菌来源β-葡萄糖苷酶的重组表达与酶学性质

【背景】β-葡萄糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.21,β-glucosidase),是纤维素分解酶系中的重要组成部分,目前工业上应用的β-葡萄糖苷酶多数来源于植物和真菌,来源于细菌的较少,且应用中还存在酶活力偏低、热稳定性差、反应条件适用范围窄、酶活力易受产物反馈抑制等问题,增加了经济成本。嗜热微生物具有特殊的遗传信息资源,极有可能从中挖掘到酶学性质优良的新型β-葡萄糖苷酶,从而解决工业难题。【目的】从嗜热淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thermoamylovorans)基因组中挖掘新型β-葡萄糖苷酶基因,通过基因重组、异源表达和蛋白纯化技术制备新型β-葡萄糖苷酶,并探究其酶学性质,为新型β-葡萄糖苷酶在纤维素水解等领域的应用奠定基础。【方法】人工合成新型β-葡萄糖苷酶基因bgl52,构建重组表达质粒pET22b-bgl52,并用电脉冲法转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中实现可溶性表达,利用Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化得到高纯度的β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl52。【结果】实现重组表达质粒pET22b-bgl52在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的可溶性表达,并获得β-葡萄糖苷酶Bgl52纯蛋白,蛋白分子量...     

嗜热古菌Infirmifilum uzonense来源的双功能高温β-葡萄糖苷酶IuBgl3的原核表达及酶学性质分析

β-葡萄糖苷酶在食品、医药、生物质转化等领域具有重要的应用价值,因此发掘适应性强、性质优良的β-葡萄糖苷酶是国内外研究热点。本研究从嗜热古菌Infirmifilum uzonense中成功克隆出一个GH3家族的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因,命名为Iubgl3。基因序列分析显示Iubgl3全长为2109bp,编码702个氨基酸,理论分子量为77.0kDa。将该基因在大肠杆菌中进行克隆表达并对纯化后的IuBgl3进行酶学性质研究。结果显示,重组酶IuBgl3最适pH5.0,最适温度85℃。该酶具有良好的热稳定性,80℃处理2h后仍能保持85%以上的酶活力。其具有优良的pH稳定性,在pH4.0−11.0范围内处理1h,仍维持85%以上的酶活力。通过底物特异性测定发现,该酶对对硝基苯-β-d-吡喃葡萄糖苷(p-nitrophenylβ-d-glucoside,pNPG)和对硝基苯-β-d-吡喃木糖苷(p-nitrophenyl β-d-xylopyranoside,pNPX)均有很高的水解能力,是典型的双功能酶。以pNPG为底物时的动力学参数K_m和V_max分别为0.38mmol和248.55μmol/(mg·min),催化效率k_cat/K_m=6149.20s⁻¹mmol⁻¹。大多数金属离子对IuBgl3的酶活力没有显著影响,SDS可导致酶完全失活,而EDTA却能提高30%的酶活力。本研究丰富了高温古菌GH3家族的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因,获得了一个稳定性优良的高温酸性双功能酶,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8

Thermostable aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific to Val, Ile, Met and Glu were purified from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. As for the subunit compositions and molecular weights, these four aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are similar to the corresponding enzymes from E. coli and B. stearothermophilus. Val-tRNA, Ile-tRNA and Met-tRNA synthetases from T. thermophilus have two tightly bound zinc ions, whereas Glu-tRNA synthetase does not. The amino acid compositions and secondary structures of Val-tRNA, Ile-tRNA and Met-tRNA synthetases are quite similar to one another. The conformational transition involving the anticodon of E. coli tRNAGlu as complexed with Glu-tRNA synthetase from T. thermophilus is necessary for the aminoacylation activity.     

Cytochrome oxidase from an extreme thermophile. Thermus thermophilus HB8

The cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) of $\text{Thermus}\text{thermophilus}$ HB8 was isolated from the membrane fraction, and was highly purified. The oxidase contained heme $\text{a}$ and heme $\text{c}$ as the prosthetic groups. The purified preparation showed a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and three major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 52,000, 37,000 and 29,000 were observed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme reacted rapidly with $\text{T}\text{.}\text{thermophilus}$ cytochrome c-552. The oxidation of $\text{T}\text{.}\text{thermophilus}$ cytochrome $\text{c}$-555,549 by the enzyme was very slow, and was stimulated by the addition of cytochrome $\text{c}$-552. The enzyme was highly stable to heat.     

C-type cytochromes isloated from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8.

Two cytochromes of the C-type, c-554 and c-549, were isolated from the soluble fraction of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. Highly purified cytochrome c-554 had absorption maxima at 554, 522, and 417 nm in the reduced state, and at 410 nm in the oxidized state. The alpha-band of the reduced state resembled that of "split-alpha" cytochromes. The isoelectric point was at pH 4.9, and the molecular weight was about 29,000. Cytochrome c-549, partially purified, had absorption maxima a6 549,520, and 416 nm in the reduced form, and at 408 nm in the oxidized form. The molecular weight was about 25,000. Both were slowly auto-oxidizable, and did not combine with CO.     

Purification and some properties of cytochrome c-552 from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8.

A c-type cytochrome, cytochrome c-552, from a soluble fraction of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was highly purified and its properties investigated. The absorption peaks were at 552, 522, and 417 nm in the reduced form, and at 408 nm in the oxidized form. The isoelectric point was at PH 10.8, the midpoint redox potential was about +0.23 V, and the molecular weight was about 15,000. The cytochrome c-552 was highly thermoresistant. The cytochrome reacted rapidly with pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase [EC 1.9.3.2], but slowly with bovine cytochrome oxidase [EC 1.9.3.1], yeast cytochrome c peroxidase [EC 1.11.1.5], or Nitrosomonas europaea hydroxylamine-cytochrome c reductase [EC 1.7.3.4].     

Nucleotide sequence of formylmethionine tRNA from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8.

The nucleotide sequence of formylmethionine tRNA from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was determined by a combination of classical methods using unlabeled samples to determine the sequences of the oligonucleotides of RNase T1 and RNase A digests and a rapid sequencing gel technique using 5'-32P labeled samples to determine overlapping sequences. Formylmethionine tRNA from T. thermophilus is composed of two species, tRNAf1Met and tRNAf2Met. Their nucleotide sequences are almost identical, and are also almost identical with that of E. coli tRNAfMet, except for slight modifications and replacements. Both species have modifications at three points which do not exist in E. coli tRNAfMet: 2'-O-methylation at G19, N-1-methylation at A59 and 2-thiolation at T55. Moreover U51 in E. coli tRNAfMet is replaced by C51 in both species, so that a G-C pair is formed between this C51 and G65. tRNAf2Met has a reversed G-C pair at positions 52 and 64 compared with those in tRNAf1Met and E. coli tRNAfMet. Other regions are mostly the same as those in all prokaryotic initiator tRNAs so far reported. The thermostability of these thermophile initiator tRNAs is discussed in relation to their unique modifications.     

Energy conservation in the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB8

Whole cells of the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB8 contained a membrane-bound respiratory chain (comprised of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, menaquinone, and cytochromes b, c, aa₃, o), which exhibited a maximumH⁺/O quotient of approximately 8 g-ion H⁺·g-atom O^-1 for the oxidation of endogenous substrates. Whole cell respiration at 70° at the expense of endogenous substrates or ascorbate-TMPD generated a transmembrane protonmotive force (p) of up to 197 mV and an intracellular phosphorylation poteintial (Gp), measured under similar conditions, of approximately 43.9 kJ·mol^-1.The measured Gp/p ratio thus indicated anH⁺/ATP quotient of approximately 2.3 g-ion H⁺·mole ATP^-1. Glucose-limited continuous cultures of T. thermophilus at 60°, 70° and 78.5° exhibited extremely low moler growth yields (Y _O2 ^max 27.6 g cells·mol O ₂ ^-1 ; Y _glucose ^max 64.4 g cells ·mol glucose^-1) compared with mesophilic bacteria of similar respiratory chain composition and proton translocation efficiency. These low yields are probably at least partly explained by the extremely high permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane to H⁺, which thus causes the cells to respire rapidly in order to maintain the protonmotive force at a level commensurate with cell growth.Abbreviations TPMP⁺ triphenylmethylphosphonium cation - FCCP carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxy phenythydrazone - TMPD N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine     

Purification and properties of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus strain HB 8.

1. D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from an extreme thermophile, T. thermophilus strain HB8, was purified and crystallized. 2. The enzyme was found to possess remarkable heat stability, being slowly inactivated at 90 degrees C. 3. Basic kinetic constants and pH profile are reported. The enzyme was activated 25-fold by 90 mM NH4Cl, and also by ethanol up to 5-fold at 30 degrees C. 4. The enzyme was found to be far more resistant to urea or sodium dodecylsulfate than the rabbit enzyme. 5. The enzyme was shown to be a tetramer of molecular weight 130000--135000. Amino acid composition analysis revealed no unusual features. Circular dichroic spectra suggested that the contents of the ordered structure of the thermophile enzyme are similar to those of the rabbit enzyme. 6. The other catalytic properties of the thermophile enzyme are discussed in comparison with those of the enzymes from other sources.     

Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage infectious to an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8.

A bacteriophage (phiYS40) infectious to an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was isolated and characterized. phiYS40 grows over the temperature range of 56 to 78 C, and the optimum growth temperature is about 65 C. The phage had a latent period of 80 min and a burst size of about 80 at 65 C. The phage has a hexagonal head 0.125 mum in diameter, a tail 0.178 mum long and 0.027 mum wide, a base plate and tail fibers. The phage is thermostable in broth but rather unstable in a buffer containing 10 mM Tris, 10 mM MgCl2, pH 7.5. The addition of Casamino Acids (1 percent), polypeptone (0.8 percent), yeast extract (0.4 percent), NaCl (0.1 M) or spermidine (1 mM) to the buffer restores the thermostability of phiYS40 to the same degree as in broth. The phage is also thermostable in water of the hot spring from which this phage was isolated. The nucleic acid of PhiYS40 is a double-stranded DNA and has a molecular weight of 1.36 X 10-8. The guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA was determined to be about 35 percent from chemical determinations, buoyant density (1.693 g/cm-3 in CsCl), and melting temperature (83.5 C in 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.015 M sodium citrate).     

Functions of isolated domains of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8

Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS, 2 X 75 kDa) was purified to homogeneity from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. The polypeptide chain of MetRS was cleaved by limited digestion with trypsin into four domains: T1 (29 kDa), T2 (23 kDa), T3 (14.5 kDa), and T4 (7.5 kDa), which were aligned in that order. MetRS was also cleaved into similar fragments with a variety of other proteases. Domains T1, T2, T3, and T4 were isolated by column chromatography. "Tandem domain" T1-T2 (56 kDa) is fully active in the aminoacylation of tRNA and is further cleaved with trypsin into domains T1 and T2. Domain T1 is the smallest aminoacylation unit so far reported. Domain T2 (enzymatically inactive) interacts with tRNAMetf, as found by UV-induced cross-linking. Isolated domain T3 forms a dimer and is responsible for the dimer assembly of two protomers in MetRS. Domain T4 is a flexible tail of MetRS. These domains, in particular T1 and T2, will be important for detailed structure analyses in relation to aminoacylation activity.