丛枝菌根真菌对玉米和棉花内源激素的影响

在温室盆栽条件下研究了丛枝菌根（Ａｒｂｕｓｃｕｌａｒ ｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａｓ,ＡＭ）真菌：Ｇｉｇａｓｐｏｒａ ｒｏｓｅａ Ｎｉｃｏｌ．＆ Ｓｃｈｅｎｃｋ、Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ（Ｎｉｃｏｌ．＆ Ｇｅｒｄ．）Ｇｅｒｄｅｍａｎｎ ＆ Ｔｒａｐｐｅ和Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍｅ （Ｋａｒｓｔｅｎ）Ｂｅｒｃｈ对玉米和棉花植株内源激素的影响。结果表明,ＡＭ真菌在正常供水和干旱条件下均能显著提高     

苗期高温处理对黄瓜衰老和性别分化及激素含量的影响

黄瓜品系新泰密刺、EP－6、XC-1苗期高温处理后植株衰老进程加,给花分化受抑,3个品系中EP－6雌花分化对高温不敏感,XC－1高温下较抗衰老。茎中精胺含量较低和乙烯释放量较高的植株衰老进程加速,腐胺和GA3含量较高的植株雄花分化加快。     

烯效唑浸种对玉米幼苗生长和内源激素含量的影响

烯效唑浸种对玉米苗期叶片和叶鞘伸长生长有抑制作用,且抑制效应随烯效唑浓度的增大而增强,但植株粗壮,叶宽和茎基宽增加,根系增多,根长增加.烯效唑浸种的玉米幼苗中LAA和GA3含量下降,叶鞘中尤为明显;ZT含量则是地上部提高,根中下降,ABA含量提高,植株各器官中(IAA GA3)/ABA比值均下降,IAA/GA3比值均升高,IAA/ZT和GA3/ZT比值则是地上部降低,根中升高.     

光质对设施葡萄叶片衰老与内源激素含量的影响

以设施延迟栽培条件下叶片衰老速度不同的意大利和无核白鸡心2个葡萄品种为试材,分别进行补充红光和蓝光处理,研究不同光质对叶片衰老过程中叶绿素含量、净光合速率和内源激素含量的影响.结果表明: 与未补光对照相比,红光能够显著提高叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,降低了内源赤霉素(GA₃)含量,但明显减缓了脱落酸(ABA)含量的增加和玉米素核苷(ZR)总含量的减少,从而显著提高了(GA₃+ZR)/ABA值,延缓叶片衰老.叶片衰老前期,蓝光处理叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和(GA₃+ZR)/ABA值均低于对照,加速了植株的衰老进程;但在叶片衰老后期,蓝光处理叶绿素含量、净光合速率和(GA₃+ZR)/ABA值逐渐高于对照,在一定程度上延缓了叶片衰老.植物内源激素生长素(IAA)则表现出叶片衰老前期促进叶片生长发育、叶片衰老后期加速衰老的双重作用.意大利叶片衰老速度较无核白鸡心慢.在本试验条件下,红光处理效果最好,有效延缓了叶片衰老进程,延长了叶片的生理功能期.     

土壤干旱条件下氮素营养对玉米内源激素含量影响

在田间持水量分别保持于35％、55％和75％±5％的土壤水分条件下,利用盆栽实验研究了土壤干旱和氮素营养对玉米内源激素和气孔导度的影响．结果表明,土壤干旱下氮素营养明显降低了玉米根系木质部汁液ABA浓度,而正常供水下施氮处理间则无显著差异(施氮处理仍较低),同时测定的叶片ABA浓度则呈相反的变化趋势,表现为干旱下施氮处理要高于不施氮处理;施氮处理木质部汁液中ZRs浓度应低于相应的不施氮处理,在调控气孔行为方面并未表现拮抗ABA作用;3种土壤水分条件下,施氮玉米叶片的气孔导度均高于不施氮处理,与木质部汁液ABA浓度呈负相关,说明施氮处理较低的根源ABA浓度是导致其气孔导度较大的主要原因．     

平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片内源激素的变化

对平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片甲醇提取物进行IAA、ZR、GA₃、ABA的分离、纯化和测定。结果发现,所测的几种激素均表现出明显的变化规律,其中IAA和GA₃在花芽分化期含量逐渐下降,且在分化临界期出现一低峰,而ZR和ABA则完全相反。同时经比较分析得出ABA/GA₃, ABA/IAA,ZR/GA₃,ZR/IAA也表现明显的变化规律,即比值总体趋势是逐渐提高,且均在分化临界期含量出现一飞跃,显然ABA/GA3,ABA/IAA,ZR/GA₃,ZR/IAA在平阴玫瑰的花芽分化过程中起着重要的调控作用,由此推测,增加植物体内的ABA、ZR的含量或降低IAA、GA₃的含量,都可以促进玫瑰的花芽分化;反之则抑制其花芽分化。     

4PU—30对水稻叶片衰老与内源激素的调控

４ＰＵ－３０能显著地延缓水稻叶片衰老。根据叶片衰老过程中内源激素含量的变化,可明确减缓水稻叶片衰老期间内源ＡＢＡ含量的增加和内源ＺＲＳ,ＧＡＳ和ＩＡＡ含量的减少,使叶片中保持有较低水平的ＡＢＡ与较高水平的ＺＲｓ,ＧＡｓ和ＩＡＡ,是４ＰＵ－３０延缓水稻叶片衰老的主要调控机理。     

低钾胁迫对不同基因型水稻苗期根系生长和内源激素含量的影响

以2个耐低钾基因型水稻N18、N19和2个低钾敏感基因型水稻N27、N28为材料,采用溶液培养试验,研究低钾胁迫对其苗期根系生长和内源激素含量的影响。结果表明,低钾胁迫下,水稻根长、地上部干重和根干重均降低,但N18和N19显著高于N27和N28。低钾胁迫使4个基因型水稻的根冠比增大,而各基因型之间差异不显著。低钾胁迫下,水稻根中IAA、GA₁和ZR含量均减少,ABA含量增加;N18、N19根中IAA、GA₁和ZR含量都高于N27、N28。此外,低钾胁迫使水稻根中IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA、GA₁/ABA值降低,但N18、N19的上述比值高于N27、N28。     

4PU-30对水稻叶片衰老与内源激素的调控

4PU－30能显著地延缓水稻叶片衰老。根据叶片衰老过程中内源激素含量的变化,可明确减缓水稻叶片衰老期间内源ABA含量的增加和内源ZRs、GAs和IAA含量的减少,使叶片中保持有较低水平的ABA与较高水平的ZRs、GAs和IAA,是4PU－30延缓水稻叶片衰老的主要调控机理。     

不同氮营养下炭疽病菌侵染对菜心叶片内源激素的影响

研究了6种不同氮营养水平下炭疽病菌对菜心叶片乙烯释放量、脱落酸(ABA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量的影响及其与抗病性的关系.结果表明,在感病过程中,所有氮营养处理乙烯释放量呈单峰曲线变化,并在接种后的第4天至第6天达到峰值,适宜氮、低氮营养比高氮或不施肥可抑制乙烯产生和ABA的合成,维持体内乙烯、ABA的稳定.适宜氮、低氮处理感病后IAA含量一直上升,而高氮或不施肥处理的IAA呈单峰曲线变化,并在接种后4～6d达到峰值,随着致病时间的延长,适宜氮、低氮营养比高氮或不施肥可提高炭疽病菌对IAA的诱导.表明氮营养炭疽病内源激素之间存在密切的关系,维持植株体内的激素平衡是提高植株耐病的机理之一.     

钼,硼对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化及体内保护系统的影响

以３个大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍａｘ Ｌ．）品种（“浙春３号”、“浙春２号”和“３８１１”）为材料,设置不同的钼、硼水平,研究了３个生育期（五叶期、初花期和盛荚期）大豆叶片膜脂过氧化及体内保护系统的变化。结果表明：在低钼、低硼胁迫下,大豆叶片的质膜透性（ＭＰ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和脯氨酸（Ｐｔｏ）的含量、多酚氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）和抗坏血酸氧化酶（ＡＯ）的活笥增加,抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（     

钼、硼对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化及体内保护系统的影响

The study deals with the changes of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system with different supplementation of molybdenum (Mo) and/or boron (B) concentration in soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves at three developmental stages (5-trifoliate stage, initiation of flowering, and peak podsetting stage) in three pot-grown soybean varieties (“Zhechun No.3”, “Zhechun No.2”, “3811”). The control plants under low Mo and low B exhibited an increasing of membrane permeability (MP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) contents, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate oxidase (AO) activities and a decrease of ascorbate (AsA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (AP) and catalase (CAT) activities. Application of Mo or B alone raised the ability of anti-oxidant of soybean leaves. The results indicated that the anti-oxidant enzymes (including SOD, POD, CAT and AP) related closely to anti-oxidant compounds (including AsA and Pro). There was some difference between the effects of Mo and B on the anti-oxidant, and a synergetic effect was observed between Mo and B. Some genetic variation in the responses to Mo and B was found among the three soybean varieties which was related to the activities of the total anti-oxidant systems.     

大豆叶片中G6P脱氢酶抑制蛋白的纯化与鉴定

G6P脱氢酶(G6PDH)是氧化的戊糖磷酯途径中的第一个酶,它广泛存在于C_3、C_4、CAM植物和藻类植物体中(Herbert等1979)。在叶绿体和细胞质中都有分布。前人对该酶有较多研究(Dennis 和 Miernyk1982,Fickenscher 和 Scheibe 1986,     

石杉碱甲对氧自由基的影响

目的:研究石杉碱甲对氧自由基的影响,探讨石杉碱甲抗老年性痴呆的机制.方法:按50 mg/kg·d给大鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖6周后,按石杉碱甲0.1mg/kg·d、0.2mg/kg·d给药2周,检测血清和脑组织中SOD活力和MDA含量.结果:石杉碱甲能明显提高大鼠血清和脑组织中SOD的活力,同时降低MDA的含量.结论:加快氧自由基的清除、减少自由基损伤是石杉碱甲抗老年性痴呆的机制之一.     

The Effects of Free Radicals on Cobalamin and Iron

The aim of this communication is to show the means by which free radicals could deleteriously alter the metabolism of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and iron in their attempt to protect the body against neoplasia or inflammation and in doing so, create the anaemia of chronic disease.     

Effects of Free Radicals on the Fluidity of Myocardial Membranes

Free radicals, including superoxide anions (O₂^?_?), hydroxyl radical (HO'), and hypohalite radical (OCl'), as well as oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), have been indicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury. In this report, we compared the integrity of the myocardial membrane when exposed to these free radicals/oxidants. Isolated rat heart membrane preparations were exposed to chemically generated free radicals with or without their respective scavengers. Membrane fluidity was monitored by fluorescence polarization using the diphenylhexatriene probe, as well as by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-n-oxyl as the spin labeling agent. HO', H₂O₂, and OCl' + HOCl increased the fluorescence polarization (FP) and microvis-cosity significantly by 1.7-fold, 1.8-fold, and 1.7-fold, respectively, as compared to an only 1.2– fold increase in FP by O₂^?_? O₂^?_? did not alter the fatty acid profiles of the membrane phospholipids. However, HO' and H₂O₂ reduced the arachidonic acid contents in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). These radicals also stimulated the lipid peroxidation by several-fold, while that by O₂^?_? was only insignificant. These results suggest that HO' and H₂O₂ decreased the membrane fluidity and induced lipid peroxidation by releasing the arachidonic acid from PC, PE. and PI.     

Mefluidide对玉米叶片线粒体膜脂组成的影响及其与抗冷力的关系

Mcfluidide叶面喷洒处理玉米幼苗,常温下可提高叶片线粒体膜脂中磷脂酰胆碱含量和脂肪酸中亚油酸含量,降低棕榈酸含量。当处理和未处理幼苗在5℃低温下生长6d期间,两者的磷脂酰胆碱含量均随低温时间的延长而递减,但处理苗的含量一直高于对照苗的含量。对照苗的亚油酸含量亦随低温时间的延长而递减,处理苗的亚油酸含量则在6d低温期间基本保持稳定,且一直高于对照。对照苗的棕榈酸含量随低温时间延长而递增,处理苗表现为短期低温棕榈酸含量降低,长期低温含量增加,但仍较对照为低,因而处理苗的脂肪酸不饱和度和亚油酸/棕榈酸比值始终高于对照苗。     

自由基与软骨基质胶原蛋白类型改变

本文利用ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,定量研究了体外培养的软骨细胞和软骨组织基质中Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的含量。结果表明氧自由基（·Ｏ－２和·ＯＨ）和具有自由基性质的物质（黄腐酸,镰刀菌毒素）可使软骨细胞合成,分泌异常的非Ⅱ型的胶原蛋白,同时,硒化合物可明显地抑制此种效应。     

Effects of Free Radical Scavengers on Stress Ethylene in Soybean Leaves Hypersensitively Reacting to Tobacco Necrosis Virus

The hypersensitive reaction of soybean cuttings to tobacco necrosisvirus is characterized by a large stimulation of stress ethyleneinvolving a marked accumulation of free 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid (ACC) and a moderate increase in ethylene-forming enzyme(EFE) activity. The scavengers of hydroxyl radicals (OH^{dot})sodium benzoate, sodium formate, mannitol and dimethylsulphoxide,did not affect stress ethylene biosynthesis. Propyl gallate,an inhibitor of lipoxygenase enzymes, substantially reducedthe release of stress ethylene from hypersensitive leaves. Thisreduction was not attributable to an inhibitory effect on EFEactivity, but to a strong reduction of free ACC accumulationin leaf tissues. The results suggest that OH^{dot} and the lipoxygenasesystem are not involved in stress ethylene produced during thehypersensitive reaction of soybean to this virus. Glycine max Merr, soybean, ethylene, free radicals, hypersensitivity, tobacco necrosis virus