用蛋白质工程方法改变葡萄糖异构酶最适pH和最适温度

用寡核苷酸诱导的定点突变方法构建了葡萄糖异构酶基因的突变体（Ｎ１８４Ｄ和Ａ１９８Ｃ）。含突变体的重组质粒ｐＴＫＤ－ＧＩ１（Ｎ１８４Ｄ）和ｐＴＫＤ－ＧＩ２（Ａ１９８ｃ）在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＫ３８菌株中表达,用ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＦＦ和Ｓｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌ Ｓ－３００ＨＲ柱层析分离纯化突变酶。与野生型葡萄糖异构酶比较实验表明：（１）突变酶Ｎ１８４Ｄ的最适ｐＨ值下降了１个单位;等电点下降了０．６个单位     

氧化HDL_2在大鼠肝窦状隙细胞内代谢

大鼠肝窦状隙细胞培养结果显示：氧化高密度脂蛋白２（ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）对异硫氰酸荧光素（ＦＩＴＣ）荧光标记ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的细胞结合有竞争抑制作用,而ＨＤＬ２则无。细胞内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的荧光强度（ＦＳ）和［３Ｈ］ＣＥ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２（ｒ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）的放射强度分别是内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ＨＤＬ２的４５．５％和ｒＨＤＬ２的６１．４％。内吞ＦＳ主要存在于三氯醋酸（ＴＣＡ）沉淀部分,而放射强度主要存在于ＴＣＡ上清液部分。细胞释放的ＦＳ和放射活性分别是内吞量的６７．７％和１０．９％,且主要存在于ＴＣＡ可沉淀部分。结果提示：（１）大鼠肝窦状隙细胞可能存在着ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ受体,该受体不同于ＨＤＬ受体。（２）ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２在细胞内代谢方式与ＨＤＬ２相似,均没有经历溶酶体分解途径。在细胞内载脂蛋白与胆固醇酯（ＣＥ）组分经历一个解离过程。细胞截留大部分ＣＥ后,将载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）与剩余ＣＥ重组成脂蛋白并以逆向胞饮方式释放到胞外。（３）氧化修饰减弱ＨＤＬ２逆向转运胆固醇能力     

低氧对肺动脉内皮细胞PDGF—B链释放及平滑肌细胞生长的影响

应用蛋白ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ技术检测了低氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＨＥＣＣＭ）和常氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＮＥＣＣＭ）内ＰＤＧＦ相对含量,并利用［３Ｈ］－ＴｄＲ掺入法和流式细胞术观察了ＨＥＣＣＭ和ＮＥＣＣＭ及加入特异ＰＤＧＦ抗体对肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）生长的影响。结果表明,ＨＥＣＣＭ中的ＰＤＧＦ含量明显高于ＮＥＣＣＭ;ＨＥＣＣＭ能明显增强ＰＡＳＭＣ内ＤＮＡ合成,促进ＰＡＳＭＣ从Ｇｏ／Ｇ１期进入Ｓ期;当预先加入ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ链抗体时,则会明显地抑制ＨＥＣＣＭ对ＰＡＳＭＣ的ＤＮＡ合成,阻止ＰＡＳＭＣ从Ｇｏ／Ｇ１期进入Ｓ期。结果提示,低氧时ＰＡＳＭＣ增殖与肺动脉内皮细胞分泌释放ＰＤＧＦ增加有关     

熊猫等动物犬瘟热病毒附着蛋白基因的遗传多样性

为了研究犬瘟热病毒（ｃａｎｉｎｅ ｄｉｓｔｅｍｐｅｒ ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＣＤＶ）大熊猫株、小熊猫株和长春犬株附着蛋白（Ｈ）基因的遗传这异,对Ｈ基因进行了序列测定。上述３个ＣＤＶ毒株的Ｈ基因全长均为１９４６ｂｐ,开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦ）始于２１－２３位的ＡＴＧ,终止于１８４２－１８４４位的ＴＧＡ,编码６０７个氨基酸。与ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中１５个ＣＤＶ株推导的Ｈ蛋白氨基酸序列比较发现,１６个野毒株潜在的Ｈ－联糖基     

抗HBsAg二硫键稳定性Fv抗体（dsFv）基因的构建与表达

采用ＰＣＲ定点突变方法,成功地构建了抗ＨＢｓＡｇｄｓＦｖ抗体的轻、重链突变基因,ＮｄｅＩ和ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切后分别插入ｐＥＴ２０ｂ表达质粒,经测序证明在重链第４４位氨基酸和轻链第１００位氨基酸已突变形成半胱氨酸（Ｃｙｓ）。ＶＨ和ＶＬ重组质粒分别转化到大肠肝菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中,ＩＰＴＧ诱导后,经ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ电泳表明在１２ｋＤ处有包含体蛋白表达,表达蛋白含量分别为２８％和３５％。ＶＨ和ＶＬ包含体蛋白经ＧｕＨＣｌ变性后,等量混合在复性折叠液中结合,形成了一个约２４ｋＤ并有一定活性的ｄｓＦｖ蛋白。抗ＨＢｓＡｇｄｓＦｖ抗体表达及复性的成功,为今后基因工程抗体的研究及应用奠定了基础。     

优化mRNA翻译起始区提高人粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在E．coli中的表达

人粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）是一种重要的造血生长因子．利用基因重组技术构建两个ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ表达菌株,一个为在不改变氨基酸顺序的前提下,对ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区核苷酸顺序进行优化突变（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｍ））,另一个为未突变的对照（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｎ））．经酶切电泳、ＤＮＡ测序、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ等分析鉴定,证明两者均能表达特异性的１４．６ｋＤｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ,但ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｍ）的表达水平较ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｎ）提高了１．２６倍,占菌体总蛋白的１６．９％．ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区二级结构预测分析表明,优化突变后生成自由能ΔＧ从原来的－１０．２提高至－９．４Ｋｃａｌ,ＡＵＧ从部分配对状态变为非配对状态．     

hTGF—α的C结构域半保守残基对其结构与功能的影响

ＥＧＦ家族Ｃ结构域有较高的同源性,其中有一些氨基酸表现为半保守性质。我们应用定点突变法对ｈＴ－ＧＦ－αＣ结构域的半保守残基进行突变,代之以ｈＥＧＦ的相应残基,构建３个突变分子ｈＴＧＦ－αＶ３５、ｈＴＧＦ－αＱ４４和ｈＴＧＦ－αＹ４５Ｒ４６。实验发现ｈＥＧＦ与ＥＧＦ受体的亲和力为ｈＴＧＦ－α的２倍,而３个突变体与ＥＧＦ受体的亲和力分别为ｈＴＧＦ－α的２２％,１３．４％和２５％;ｈＥＧＦ促ＮＲＫ－４９     

传染性法氏囊病病毒中国强毒株A节段cDNA基因的克隆和序列分析

以来自哈尔滨传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ） 强毒株（Ｈａｒｂｉｎ 毒株,Ｈ） 的基因组ＲＮＡ为模板,用反转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ ＰＣＲ） 的方法得到了其Ａ 节段的全长ｃＤＮＡ 片段,分５＇端（１ ６５９ｂｐ） 和３＇端（１ ４４４ｂｐ） 上下两段分别克隆到ｐＧＥＭＢ○Ｒ － Ｔ 载体上,测定了其核苷酸顺序,在长为３ １０１ ｂｐ 中含有两个阅读框ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ ,分别编码１ ０１２ 个氨基酸的前体蛋白（ＶＰ２ － ４ －３） 和１４５ 个氨基酸的ＶＰ５,ＯＲＦＡ１ 和ＯＲＦＡ２ 有部分的重叠。将核苷酸序列及推测出的氨基酸序列与已报道的ＩＢＤＶ 血清Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型毒株的相应序列进行了比较,结果表明：Ｈ 毒株与其它血清Ⅰ型毒株之间,在核苷酸水平上存在２５ｂｐ － ２６７ｂｐ 的差异;在氨基酸水平上存在１７ ～４０ 个氨基酸的差异。在ＶＰ２ － ４ － ３ 内比较显示,Ｈ 毒株与Ｐ２ 、Ｃｕ－ １ 之间氨基酸的差异最小为１ ．７％ ,Ｈ 毒株与ＵＫ６６１ 之间氨基酸的差异最大为３ ．９ ％ 。变异主要发生在ＶＰ２ 的可变区（２０６ － ３５０ 位氨基酸） ,在Ｈ 毒株所特有的１２ 个氨基酸当中,该区就占５ 个,代表１ ．７６ ％ 的变异。ＶＰ４、ＶＰ３ 和ＶＰ５区各有     

优化mRNA翻译起始区提高人粒—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在E.coli…

人粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）是一种重要的造血生长因子。利用基因重组技术构建两个ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ表达菌株,一个为在不改变氨基酸顺序的前提下,对ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区核苷酸顺序进行优化突变（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｍ））,另一个为未突变的对照（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｎ））。经酶切电泳、ＤＮＡ测序、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ等未突变的对照（ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（Ｎ））。经酶切电泳、Ｄ     

u-PA/t-PA嵌合型纤溶酶原激活剂(ut-PA)的构建、表达、纯化和性质研究

将尿激酶原（ｐｒｏ－ＵＫ）ｃＤＮＡ和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）Ａ链ｃＤＮＡ克隆到Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８中,经过二次寡核甘酸诱导的大片段定点删除和一次寡核苷酸诱导的多位点突变,得到ｕ－ＰＡ（Ｌｅｕ１４４－Ｇｌｙ４０８）／ｔ－ＰＡ（Ｓｅｒ１－Ｔｈｒ２６３）（ｕｔ－ＰＡ）融合基因．将ｕｔ－ＰＡ融合基因克隆到表达载体ｐＣＭ－βｎｅｏ中,与ｐＣＭ－ｄｈｆｒ共转染ＣＨＯ／ＤＨＦＲ－细胞,筛选稳定表达株．收集无血清表达上清,经苯甲脒柱纯化得到ｕｔ－ＰＡ纯品,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和纤维蛋白自显影显示ｕｔ－ＰＡ有两种分子量形式,分子量分别为６８ｋＤ和６１ｋＤ．纤维蛋白亲和性试验表明,ＬＵＫ（低分子量尿激酶）对纤维蛋白没有亲和性,而含有ＬＵＫ的ｕｔ－ＰＡ则对纤维蛋白表现出很强的亲和性,但ｕｔ－ＰＡ的亲和性略低于亲本ｔ－ＰＡ．     

Migration cues induce chromatin alterations

Directed cell migration is a property central to multiple basic biological processes. Here, we show that directed cell migration is associated with global changes in the chromatin fiber. Polarized posttranslational changes in histone H1 along with a transient decrease in H1 mobility were detected in cells facing the scratch in a wound healing assay. In parallel to the changes in H1, the levels of the heterochromatin marker histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation were elevated. Interestingly, reduction of the chromatin-binding affinity of H1 altered the cell migration rates. Moreover, migration-associated changes in histone H1 were observed during nuclear motility in the simple multicellular organism Neurospora crassa . Our studies suggest that dynamic reorganization of the chromatin fiber is an early event in the cellular response to migration cues.     

G1 phase-dependent nucleolar accumulation of human histone H1x

Background information: H1 histones are a protein family comprising several subtypes. Although specific functions of the individual subtypes could not be determined so far, differential roles are indicated by varied nuclear distributions as well as differential expression patterns of the H1 subtypes. Although the group of replication‐dependent H1 subtypes is synthesized during S phase, the replacement H1 subtype, H1°, is also expressed in a replication‐independent manner in non‐proliferating cells. Recently we showed, by protein biochemical analysis, that the ubiquitously expressed subtype H1x is enriched in the micrococcal nuclease‐resistant part of chromatin and that, although it shares common features with H1°, its expression is differentially regulated, since, in contrast to H1°, growth arrest or induction of differentiation did not induce an accumulation of H1x. Results: In the present study, we show that H1x exhibits a cell‐cycle‐dependent change of its nuclear distribution. This H1 subtype showed a nucleolar accumulation during the G₁ phase, and it was evenly distributed in the nucleus during S phase and G₂. Immunocytochemical analysis of the intranucleolar distribution of H1x indicated that it is located mainly in the condensed nucleolar chromatin. In addition, we demonstrate that the amount of H1x protein remained nearly unchanged during S phase progression, which is in contrast to the replication‐dependent subtypes. Conclusion: These results suggest that the differential localization of H1x provides a mechanism for a control of H1x activity by means of shuttling between nuclear subcompartments instead of a controlled turnover of the protein.     

Epigenetic marks in melanoma

Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous cancer that comes in different flavors (lentigo maligna melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous/mucosal melanoma and other less common subtypes including malignant cellular blue nevus, desmoplastic melanoma, nevoid melanoma, and animal‐type melanoma) and colors (black/bluish or unpigmented). Pathologists have known for many years that melanoma displays notable changes in the nuclear architecture including thick chromatic rims, presence of mitosis, nuclear grooves, and more. It is now evident from other cancers that such changes reflect not only genomic alterations but also non‐genomic changes in both the structure of DNA and the structure of chromatin to which the DNA is bound (nucleosomes). Although aberrant gene expression resulting from DNA methylation has been known for many years, genome alterations resulting from histone modifications became evident in the current decade. In prostate and other cancers, some histone marks have clinical diagnostic and/or prognostic value. Here, we review the current data on epigenetic research in melanoma skin cancers, discuss ways to modify the epigenetic landscape of melanoma for inhibiting its growth, and propose strategies for identifying novel melanoma markers.     

组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1A在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1A (Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1A,KDM1A)作为组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶(Histonelysine-specificdemethylase)家族的一员,在信号传导、染色体重构、胚胎发育、造血和糖脂代谢等生物学过程中起着重要的作用。近年来的研究及临床证据表明,KDM1A的表达与肿瘤的发生发展密不可分,通过与不同的复合物结合并介导不同的下游信号通路,对多种肿瘤的生长增殖起着关键的调节作用,例如前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌和肝癌等。在大多数情况下,KDM1A在肿瘤的发生发展中扮演着促癌基因角色。文中结合近年来有关文献,阐述了KDM1A在多种肿瘤发生及发展中的研究进展,总结了其作用机制,并对以KDM1A为靶点的抑癌治疗的应用前景进行了展望。