雷帕霉素联合ZD55-TRAIL病毒对肿瘤抑制及其机制探讨

溶瘤腺病毒的肿瘤靶向性研究一直是一个热点。目前已有商业化的ONYX-015、H101溶瘤腺病毒。在此基础上,科学家又进一步发展形成基因-病毒治疗方案,如文中应用的ZD55-TRAIL病毒。本研究利用刘新垣实验室提供的携带TRAIL(TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,TNF相关的凋亡诱导配体)的溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-TRAIL联合雷帕霉素杀伤肿瘤     

盐酸阿霉素增强溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-TRAIL抑制肝癌细胞生长的研究

盐酸阿霉素(DOX)作为一种抗肿瘤抗生素,通过抑制癌细胞遗传物质的合成,对多种肿瘤均有杀伤作用,然而,其单独作用疗效有限,且加大剂量时其副作用较强。目前,携带抗癌基因的溶瘤腺病毒在肿瘤治疗中的作用日渐显现,溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-Trail联合DOX治疗肝癌的研究鲜有报道。通过MTT和结晶紫染色试验检测DOX药物处理对肝癌细胞系Bel-7404存活率的变化情况;Hoechst33342染色和流式细胞术检测肝癌细胞的凋亡;Western blot检测Trail蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白的表达;免疫荧光和流式细胞术检测凋亡相关受体表达的情况。结果显示,ZD55-Trail与DOX联合使用能够有效抑制肝癌细胞增长并诱导其凋亡,并且联合处理能增加Trail受体DR4和DR5的表达。初步探讨了DOX与ZD55-Trail两者协同诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的机制,为利用ZD55-Trail与DOX联合治疗肝癌提供依据。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA联合溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL-24诱导SW480细胞凋亡

研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA联合溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL-24对结肠癌SW480细胞的体外杀伤作用。采用MTT法、结晶紫实验检测NSAHA、ZD55-IL-24以及二者联合使用对结肠癌细胞株SW480及人正常肺上皮细胞株Beas-2B的增殖抑制作用;利用Hoechst33342染色对经各种处理的细胞进行凋亡形态学观察,采用流式细胞术对凋亡进行量化;通过Westernblot法在蛋白水平上检测sw480细胞中IL-24的表达情况。结果显示SAHA与ZD55-IL-24联合处理对SW480的增殖抑制作用明显优于两者单独使用。10MoI病毒ZD55-IL-24与0．5gmol／LSAHA联合作用4天,SW480细胞存活率仅为12％,明显低于10MOI病毒单独处理组细胞的存活率（40％,P〈O．05）。然而,正常细胞对于联合给药显示出良好的耐受性。Hoechst33342染色和流式细胞术结果也表明联合处理组的sw480细胞凋亡特征更明显。此外,IL-24在ZD55-IL-24病毒单独感染组及病毒与药物联合组的SW480细胞中均能有效表达。     

携带TRAIL的溶瘤腺病毒联合LiCl对癌细胞的生长抑制效应

研究糖原合成激酶3的抑制剂LiCl联合携带TRA／L基因的溶瘤腺病毒Ad．sp—ElA—E1B（△55kDa）．TRAIL—Flag（Ad．sp—TRAIL—Flag）对癌细胞的体外杀伤作用。采用MTT法检测癌症特异性病毒Ad．sp—TRAIL—Flag联合药物LiCl对三种癌症细胞株的生长抑制作用;通过结晶紫实验进一步检测联合用药的杀伤效果：进而通过Western blot实验检测联合作用对癌细胞中TRAIL蛋白表达的影响,最后通过流式细胞仪检测其对癌细胞的凋亡作用。结果显示,LiCl联合Ad．sp—TRAIL．Flag的处理对癌细胞的增殖抑制作用明显优于两者单独使用。Western blot实验证明,LiCl可提高溶瘤腺病毒Ad．sp—TRAIL—FIag处理后TRAIL蛋白的表达水平,从而增强了溶瘤腺病毒Ad．sp—TRAIL—Flag通过乃己4儿的信号通路的杀伤效果。     

溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24联合雷帕霉素协同抑制Hep3B细胞生长的研究

PI3K/AKT/m TOR信号通路的激活能引发人体细胞发生癌变,哺乳动物靶标m TOR作为PI3K/AKT信号通路下游的一个效应分子,被视为针对肿瘤发生和形成的关键治疗靶点,因此阻断该信号通路的相关靶点可以作为恶性肿瘤治疗的一个策略。白细胞介素24(interleukin 24,IL24)是一个选择性诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的重要抑癌基因。该研究分别利用MTT法和实时无标记细胞功能分析仪检测携带IL24基因的溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24与m TOR抑制剂雷帕霉素(rapamycin)单独或联合作用对多种肝癌细胞的体外杀伤效果;倒置显微镜分别观察ZD55-IL24、雷帕霉素单独作用及两者联合作用引起的细胞形态学变化;Hoechst 33342、流式细胞术和TUNEL染色检测各处理组细胞的凋亡情况;Western blot检测IL24、AKT以及凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白质水平。结果显示,溶瘤腺病毒ZD55-IL24与雷帕霉素联合作用较两者单独作用更显著地抑制了肝癌细胞Hep3B的生长并诱导了肝癌细胞的凋亡;此外,两者联合作用更有效地上调了肝癌细胞Hep3B中的细胞因子IL24和促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达,同时下调了PI3K/AKT/m TOR信号通路关键蛋白AKT和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达。该研究结果表明,雷帕霉素很可能在一定程度上促进了ZD55-IL24病毒介导的IL24表达而增强对肝癌细胞的杀伤作用,进而为肝癌治疗研究提供了一条新型有效的方案。     

MTERF2在人子宫颈癌细胞株中的表达及对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:线粒体转录终止因子2(MTERF2)是线粒体类核的重要组成成分,且参与线粒体基因的表达调控。本研究旨在阐明MTERF2基因在体外培养的人类正常子宫颈上皮细胞株和子宫颈癌细胞株中的表达情况,并进一步探讨MTERF2对子宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:采用qRT-PCR和Western印迹检测正常子宫颈上皮细胞株(End1/E6E7)和子宫颈癌细胞株(HeLa、SiHa、C-33A、C4-1、CaSki)中MTERF2 mRNA及其蛋白质的表达情况;分别构建MTERF2稳定过表达或下调表达的子宫颈癌HeLa细胞株,通过XTT实验、细胞划痕实验、Transwell迁移实验、Transwell侵袭实验、克隆形成实验和流式细胞术等方法观察MTERF2基因过表达或表达下调对子宫颈癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。结果:MTERF2蛋白及mRNA在子宫颈癌细胞株中的表达水平均低于正常宫颈上皮细胞株。与对照组相比,稳定过表达MTERF2的子宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖能力下降,同时子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的克隆形成能力、迁移能力和侵袭能力均显著下降;细胞周期出现G1/S期阻滞,周期蛋白D1和pRb蛋白的表达水平明显下降。下调MTERF2表达的子宫颈癌HeLa细胞的增殖能力、克隆形成能力、迁移能力和侵袭能力均有所增强,且未出现细胞周期阻滞。此外,稳定过表达或下调MTERF2表达对子宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡均没有显著影响。结论:MTERF2基因在子宫颈癌细胞株中的表达水平低于正常子宫颈上皮细胞株,且负调控子宫颈癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,提示其可能在子宫颈癌发生发展中发挥类似抑癌基因的作用。     

溶瘤腺病毒ZD55对类肝癌干细胞的抑制效应

溶瘤腺病毒能够靶向和杀死癌症干细胞,被认为是一种很有前景的抗癌药物.已有研究表明,溶瘤腺病毒ZD55能够靶向肝癌,并且表现出明显的细胞毒性效应.然而,其对肝癌干细胞是否具有同样地杀伤效力仍需进一步探讨.利用悬浮培养富集类肝癌干细胞,并验证其肝癌干细胞的特征.进一步通过MTT、结晶紫染色、Hoechst染色、Western blot和流式细胞术等检测ZD55对类肝癌干细胞的细胞存活率、凋亡诱导和病理效应等.结果发现,悬浮培养的类肝癌干细胞具有自我更新和分化能力、高表达干细胞相关转录因子(如NANOG和OCT4)、处于静息状态和具有耐药性等特性,溶瘤腺病毒处理后表现出明显的细胞毒性效应和杀伤特性,类肝癌干细胞的最低生存率仅为26.7%.ZD55能够非常明显地诱导类肝癌干细胞凋亡,其凋亡率最高达到60%.因此,ZD55可能会成为靶向肝癌干细胞的一种很有前景的治疗药物,对肝癌的临床治疗具有一定的应用价值.     

溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD联合阿霉素抑制肝癌细胞HepG2生长

目的:研究溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD与阿霉素联合使用对肝癌细胞HepG2生长的影响。方法:MTT法检测经CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD与阿霉素联合处理后HepG2细胞生存率的变化,Hoechst33342染色及流式细胞术检测联合处理诱导细胞凋亡时细胞形态变化及凋亡细胞数量,Western印迹检测联合处理所引发的凋亡通路。结果:MTT实验显示,联合使用CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD和阿霉素能更有效地抑制HepG2细胞的生长,且阿霉素与CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD是协同作用;Hochest染色实验和流式细胞术实验结果均显示联合使用CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD和阿霉素增强了诱导细胞凋亡的作用;Western印迹表明CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD和阿霉素联合使用激活了Caspase细胞凋亡途径。结论:阿霉素能促进溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD的复制,联合阿霉素和溶瘤腺病毒CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD可更有效激活Caspase细胞凋亡通路,抑制肝癌细胞HepG2生长。     

乳酸菌发酵液联合瑞琳他抗对HeLa细胞活性及HPV18病毒载量影响的实验

研究乳酸菌发酵液联合瑞琳他抗对宫颈癌细胞系HeLa细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移及HPV18 DNA病毒载量的影响,为2种药物联合治疗HPV感染提供新的选择。

采用CCK8法检测不同浓度的单药、组合药对HeLa细胞增殖变化的影响,得出乳酸菌发酵液联合瑞琳他抗对HeLa细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）;采用流式细胞术、Transwell实验和杂交捕获—化学发光法（DH3）分别检测乳酸菌发酵液联合瑞琳他抗对HeLa细胞凋亡、细胞迁移、HPV18 DNA病毒载量的影响。

通过CCK-8法检测乳酸菌发酵液IC₅₀为5.5×10⁸ CFU/mL,瑞琳他抗IC₅₀为160 mg/mL。增殖实验结果显示作用48 h后,单药组均对HeLa细胞抑制生长作用明显,且乳酸菌发酵液+瑞琳他抗组对细胞的抑制作用强于瑞琳他抗组（F=164.810,P＜0.05）;流式细胞术检测发现单药组均可诱导HeLa细胞凋亡,乳酸菌发酵液+瑞琳他抗组对细胞的凋亡作用增加且大于瑞林他抗组（F=83.823,P＜0.05）;Transwell实验发现单药组均可抑制细胞迁移,乳酸菌发酵液+瑞琳他抗组对细胞迁移的抑制作用大于瑞林他抗组（F=492.242,P＜0.05）;DH3法显示单药组均可明显下调HeLa细胞HPV18 DNA病毒载量,乳酸菌发酵液+瑞琳他抗组对细胞HPV18 DNA病毒载量的作用大于瑞林他抗组（F=284.769,P＜0.05）。

乳酸菌发酵液联合瑞琳他抗对抑制HeLa细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞迁移和下调细胞HPV18 DNA病毒载量的作用优于瑞琳他抗,为临床治疗HPV感染提供了实验依据和借鉴。

     

携带TSLC1基因的双靶向溶瘤腺病毒联合阿霉素对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的杀伤作用

研究携带TSLC1基因的溶瘤腺病毒(Ad.sp-E1A(24)-TSLC1)联合化疗药物阿霉素(adriamycin,ADM)对SMMC-7721肝癌细胞的体外杀伤作用。实时定量PCR检测TSLC1在不同肝细胞中的表达情况;用荧光显微镜观察阿霉素、Ad.sp-E1A(24)-TSLC1单独作用和两者联合作用的细胞形态学的变化;采用MTT法、结晶紫染色、Hoechst33342染色检测各处理组细胞的存活率和凋亡水平情况;通过Western blot检测TSLC1和E1A蛋白水平的表达。结果表明,联合应用Ad.sp-E1A(24)-TSLC1和阿霉素的细胞凋亡现象比单独作用的效果显著,表明阿霉素能够增强携带TSLC1基因的溶瘤腺病毒对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的杀伤作用,为肝癌治疗的临床应用奠定一定基础。     

Synergistic induction of tumor cell death by combining cisplatin with an oncolytic adenovirus carrying TRAIL

Chemoresistance and side effects are considered as the major obstacles in cisplatin-based chemotherapy of various human malignant tumors. Conjugation with cancer-specific apoptotic stimuli TRAIL or typical viro-agent ONYX-015 has been extensively investigated to enhance the antitumor activity of cisplatin. In this study, we presented a novel chemo-gene-virotherapeutic strategy to further improve the toxic effects in cancer cells and reduce the damage in normal cells. Here, an oncolytic adenoviral vector (ZD55), with a deletion of E1B 55-kDa gene, was employed to express the therapeutic TRAIL gene by constructing a recombinant virus ZD55-TRAIL. Exogenous gene delivery efficacy was determined by both in vitro and in vivo experiments and enhanced cytotoxicity of combined treatment of ZD55-TRAIL with cisplatin was evaluated in several cancer cell lines. Moreover, negative effects on normal cells have been tested in both L-02 and MRC-5 cell lines by MTT assay and apoptotic cell staining. According to our observation, combination of ZD55-TRAIL with cisplatin exhibited an apparent synergistic cytotoxicity in cancer cells, yet significantly abolished the negative toxicity in normal cells by reducing the dosage. Thus, a novel chemo-gene-virotherapeutic strategy for cancer therapy was proposed.     

Synergistic antitumor effect of TRAIL and IL-24 with complete eradication of hepatoma in the CTGVT-DG strategy

The ZD55-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and ZD55-interleukin (IL)-24 were constructed by inserting TRAIL or IL-24 gene separately into the oncolytic adenovirus named ZD55 (with adenovirus E1B-55kD deletion). The resulting ZD55-TRAIL and ZD55-IL-24 were used in combination to treat xenograft tumors in nude mice model. The results showed that it can not only completely eliminate BEL7404 hepatoma xenograft but also have excellent antitumor effect against gaster, lung, prostate, and breast carcinomas. It was also found that ZD55-TRAIL could not only suppress the tumor growth promoting effect by ZD55-IL-24 at lower dosage, but also substantially reduce the cancer cell viability in their combined use. This is because ZD55-IL-24 and ZD55-TRAIL could mutually enhance each other's antitumor effect greatly. All these findings conspicuously showed the synergistic antitumor effect of TRAIL and IL-24, which is also the reason for the antitumor effect by the combined use of TRAIL and IL-24 in vitro and also in vivo.     

Interferon-β-armed oncolytic adenovirus induces both apoptosis and necroptosis in cancer cells

Interferon-β (IFN-β) has been widely used in cancer therapy, but the clinical trial results are generally disappointing. Our previous studies have shown that an oncolytic adenovirus carrying IFN-β (ZD55-IFN-β) exhibits significant anti-tumor activities. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here we showed that ZD55-IFN-β infection-induced S-phase cell cycle arrest in a p53-dependent manner by activating the ataxia telangiectasia mutated-dependent DNA damage pathway. In addition, ZD55-IFN-β infection could initiate both caspase-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis in cancer cells. More importantly, ZD55-IFN-β showed a synergistic effect on cancer cells when combined with doxorubicin. These results suggest that the combination of ZD55-IFN-β with doxorubicin may represent a promising clinical strategy in cancer therapy.     

Dichloroacetate (DCA) enhances tumor cell death in combination with oncolytic adenovirus armed with MDA-7/IL-24

Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a metabolic modulator for the treatment of lactic acidosis and inherited mitochondrial diseases. A recent study showed that DCA treatment could induce apoptosis in many kinds of tumor cell lines via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway while sparing normal cells. ONYX-015 (dl 1520) is one of the oncolytic adenoviruses developed by the deletion of E1B-55kD gene of type 5 adenoviral DNA, and it replicates efficiently and selectively in tumor cells. ZD55-IL-24, an E1B-55kD deleted oncolytic adenovirus carrying interleukin-24 (IL-24, also called melanoma differentiation associated gene-7), had showed potent antitumor efficacy in a variety of tumor cells and exerted no apparent toxicity on normal cells. Given both the good therapeutic effect and low toxicity of these agents, here we investigated whether DCA in combination with ZD55-IL-24 or ONYX-015 could have more efficient antitumor activity in vitro experiments. Therefore, we tested the cytotoxicity of combination therapy in normal hepatic cells L-02 and QSG-7701 using the MTT assay. Our results showed that DCA combined with ONYX-015 or ZD55-IL-24 exhibited more potent antitumor activity than DCA or virus alone, and the combination treatment did not have superimposed toxicities in normal cells. Thus, a novel combination therapy associating oncolytic adenoviruses with relatively low toxic drug without severe side effects was proposed.     

Combination therapy Eve and Pac to induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways

This study aimed to investigate the anti-cervical cancer effects of everolimus (Eve) and paclitaxel (Pac) when used alone or in combination. Human cervical cancer cells HeLa and SiHa were divided into four group: Blank control group (control), everolimus group (Eve), paclitaxel group (Pac) and combined therapy group (Eve?+?Pac). The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay and the cell cloning ability was detected by clonegenic assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and their phosphorylated proteins were studied by western blot. The HeLa and SiHa cells proliferation and cloning ability were significantly inhibited in drug treatment groups compared with control group (p?相似文献   

Cancer targeting gene-viro-therapy for pancreatic cancer using oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 in immune-competent mice

Cancer targeting gene-viro-therapy (CTGVT) may prove to be an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC). This study was intended to explore the anti-tumor effect of ZD55-IL-24 (oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 harboring IL-24) on PC in immune-competent mice. The expression of gene harbored by oncolytic adenovirus ZD55 in PC cells was detected by reporter-gene assays. The in vitro anti PC ability of ZD55-IL-24 was tested by MTT, crystal violet staining and apoptosis assays. The in vivo anti PC effect of ZD55-IL-24 was further observed in an immune-competent mice model by detecting anti-tumor immunity and induction of apoptosis. The expression of gene harbored by ZD55 in PC cells was significantly higher than that harbored by the replicated-deficient adenovirus, and the amount of gene expression was time-dependent and dose-dependent. Both ZD55-IL-24 and ZD55 inhibited PC cells growth, but the anti-tumor effect of ZD55-IL-24 was significantly stronger than that of ZD55, and the ability of ZD55-IL-24 in inducing PC apoptosis was significantly stronger than that of ZD55. The tumor-forming rate of group ZD55-IL-24 was the lowest, and the tumor-growing rate was also significantly lower than that of group ZD55 in immune-competent PC models. Moreover, ZD55-IL-24 mediated more anti-cancer immunity effects by induction of stronger T-lymphocytes response to PC cells, higher levels of γ-IFN and IL-6 cytokines. ZD55-IL-24-mediated CTGVT could inhibit PC growth not only by inducing oncolysis and apoptosis but enhancing the anti-cancer immune effects by inducing T cell response to PC and up-regulating γ-IFN and IL-6 cytokine in immune-competent mice. This may serve as a candidate therapeutic approach for the treatment of PC.     

The effect of ZD1839 (Iressa), an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin, on apoptosis in SCC-15 cells

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ZD1839 on growth and apoptosis in SCC-15 (a human head and neck cancer cell line) lone, or in combination with cisplatin. High expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor has been implicated in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck. ZD1839 ('Iressa') is an orally active, selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks signal transduction pathways implicated in proliferation and survival of cancer cells, and other host-dependent processes promoting cancer growth. Here, growth arrest was observed with 3.64 microm ZD1839. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (sMTT) viability assay revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the percentage of surviving cells upon treatment with ZD1839 and cisplatin compared with cisplatin or ZD1839 on their own. Combined therapy of 3.64 microm ZD1839 for 24 h, prior to administration of 100 microm cisplatin, significantly (P < 0.001) and additively increased the cytotoxicity effect of cisplatin. p53-independent apoptosis was seen with cisplatin treatment, a novel finding. These data support the use of ZD1839 in anti-cancer therapy, and particularly in combination therapy. Cisplatin may induce p53-independent apoptosis. Over-expression of Bcl-2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumour cell lines is unlikely to be a general mechanism to protect these cells from apoptosis.     

藻蓝蛋白联合全反式维甲酸对HeLa细胞生长抑制作用的研究(英文)

目的:探讨全反式维甲酸和藻蓝蛋白单独及联合用药对HeLa细胞生长的影响,并揭示两者联合用药对细胞周期和细胞凋亡影响的分子机制。方法:MTT法检测全反式维甲酸和藻蓝蛋白单独及联合用药对HeLa细胞生长的影响,原位杂交法检测用药前后细胞内CDK-4基因mRNA的表达情况,免疫组化法检测用药前后bcl-2基因的表达情况,TUNEL法检测用药前后细胞凋亡情况。结果:全反式维甲酸和藻蓝蛋白均具有抑制HeLa细胞生长的作用,当达到相同的抑制率时,联合藻蓝蛋白使用可以显著降低全反式维甲酸的使用剂量从而达到降低毒副作用的目的。两者联合用药可以显著降低CDK-4的表达量从而对HeLa细胞的细胞周期产生影响。两者联合用药可以显著下调bcl-2的表达水平从而引发细胞凋亡。结论:通过联合藻蓝蛋白,可以显著降低全反式维甲酸的使用剂量从而降低毒副作用。全反式维甲酸和藻蓝蛋白联合用药抑制HeLa细胞生长的分子机制可能是通过抑制CDK-4和bcl-2的表达来影响细胞周期并最终导致细胞凋亡。