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1.
Asrat Asfaw Matthew W. Blair Conny Almekinders 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,120(1):1-12
The East African highlands are a region of important common bean production and high varietal diversity for the crop. The
objective of this study was to uncover the diversity and population structure of 192 landraces from Ethiopia and Kenya together
with four genepool control genotypes using morphological phenotyping and microsatellite marker genotyping. The germplasm represented
different common bean production ecologies and seed types common in these countries. The landraces showed considerable diversity
that corresponded well to the two recognized genepools (Andean and Mesoamerican) with little introgression between these groups.
Mesoamerican genotypes were predominant in Ethiopia while Andean genotypes were predominant in Kenya. Within each country,
landraces from different collection sites were clustered together indicating potential gene flow between regions within Kenya
or within Ethiopia. Across countries, landraces from the same country of origin tended to cluster together indicating distinct
germplasm at the national level and limited gene flow between the two countries highlighting divided social networks within
the regions and a weak trans-national bean seed exchange especially for landrace varieties. One exception to this may be the
case of small red-seeded beans where informal cross-border grain trade occurs. We also observed that genetic divergence was
slightly higher for the Ethiopian landraces compared to Kenyan landraces and that Mesoamerican genotypes were more diverse
than the Andean genotypes. Common beans in eastern Africa are often cultivated in marginal, risk-prone farming systems and
the observed landrace diversity should provide valuable alleles for adaptation to stressful environments in future breeding
programs in the region. 相似文献
2.
Cortés AJ Chavarro MC Blair MW 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(5):827-845
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have become a genetic technology of choice because of their automation and high
precision of allele calls. In this study, our goal was to develop 94 SNPs and test them across well-chosen common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm. We validated and accessed SNP diversity at 84 gene-based and 10 non-genic loci using KASPar technology in
a panel of 70 genotypes that have been used as parents of mapping populations and have been previously evaluated for SSRs.
SNPs exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, an excess of middle frequency polymorphism, and a within-genepool mismatch
distribution as expected for populations affected by sudden demographic expansions after domestication bottlenecks. This set
of markers was useful for distinguishing Andean and Mesoamerican genotypes but less useful for distinguishing within each
gene pool. In summary, slightly greater polymorphism and race structure was found within the Andean gene pool than within
the Mesoamerican gene pool but polymorphism rate between genotypes was consistent with genepool and race identity. Our survey
results represent a baseline for the choice of SNP markers for future applications because gene-associated SNPs could themselves
be causative SNPs for traits. Finally, we discuss that the ideal genetic marker combination with which to carry out diversity,
mapping and association studies in common bean should consider a mix of both SNP and SSR markers. 相似文献
3.
Oscar E. Checa Matthew W. Blair 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2008,22(2):201-215
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varies in growth habit from aggressive climbing types to bush beans. Growth habit is determined by a combination of factors
including determinate versus indeterminate growth, total plant height, degree of branching and internode length. Together
these factors make up climbing ability. The objective of this research was to determine the quantitative trait loci (QTL)
controlling climbing ability in a F5:8 recombinant inbred line population derived from an inter-gene pool cross of an aggressive indeterminate climbing bean with
type IV growth habit (G2333) by an indeterminate bush bean of type IIb growth habit (G19839). The population was planted in
four randomized complete block design experiments across environments that varied in altitude (from 1,000 to 1,750 masl) and
soil fertility (low versus high phosphorus). QTL were identified for plant height, internode length and number of branches
per plant on a genetic map covering all common bean linkage groups with a total length of 1,175 cM. In addition a scale was
developed to evaluate overall climbing ability and was also used to identify QTL. A total of 7 QTL were found for plant height,
9 for climbing ability, 6 for internode length and 1 for branch number. The largest number and most significant QTL were found
on the lower half of linkage group B04 suggesting a major pleiotropic locus for growth habit traits at this location of the
genome that is distinct from previously characterized genes which control plant morphology of the crop. 相似文献
4.
Elsadr HT Wright LC Pauls KP Bett KE 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(8):1467-1472
Seed coat post harvest darkening (PHD) represents a problem for producers and consumers of several market classes of dry bean.
There are three PHD phenotypes: (1) non-darkening (ND), (2) slow darkening (SD) and (3) regular darkening (RD). The inheritance
of PHD was elucidated by evaluating populations derived from crosses among multiple RD, SD and ND genotypes. Results indicate
that at least two unlinked major genes control the PHD trait in common bean. Recessive epistasis with three phenotypic classes
explains the segregation ratios of populations from crosses between SD and ND parents. One gene, J, is responsible for whether a bean will darken as seeds from plants that are jj do not darken at all. Another gene, sd, influences how quickly a seed coat will darken with sdsd individuals darkening more slowly than those with the dominant Sd allele. 相似文献
5.
Blair MW Buendía HF Giraldo MC Métais I Peltier D 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,118(1):91-103
Polymorphism of microsatellite markers is often associated with the simple sequence repeat motif targeted. AT-rich microsatellites
tend to be highly variable and this appears to be notable, especially in legume genomes. To analyze the value of AT-rich microsatellites
for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), we developed a total of 85 new microsatellite markers, 74 of which targeted ATA or other AT-rich motif loci and 11 of
which were made for GA, CA or CAC motif loci. We evaluated the loci for the level of allelic diversity in comparison to previously
characterized microsatellites using a panel of 18 standard genotypes and genetically mapped any loci polymorphic in the DOR364 × G19833
population. The majority of the microsatellites produced single bands and detected single loci, however, 15 of the AT-rich
microsatellites produced multiple or double banding patterns; while only one of the GA or CA-rich microsatellites did. The
polymorphism information content (PIC) values averaged 0.892 and 0.600 for the AT and ATA motif microsatellites, respectively,
but only 0.140 for the CA-rich microsatellites. GA microsatellites, which had a large average number of repeats, had high
to intermediate PIC, averaging 0.706. A total of 45 loci could be genetically mapped and distribution of the loci across the
genome was skewed towards non-distal locations with a greater prevalence of loci on linkage groups b02, b09 and b11. AT-rich
microsatellites were found to be a useful source of polymorphic markers for mapping and diversity assessment in common bean
that appears to uncover higher diversity than other types of simple sequence repeat markers. 相似文献
6.
In order to assess symbiotic activity (the nodules integrity and the iron use efficiency) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under low iron availability, the growth of plants and nodules, the concentration of leghaemoglobin and malondialdehyde,
and activity of nitrogenase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were analysed in two (contrasting) common bean
varieties subjected to iron deficiency. Results show that nitrogen fixation and leghaemoglobin accumulation decreased at limiting
iron availability while malondialdehyde concentration increased under these conditions. The tolerant variety to iron deficiency,
ARA14, was clearly less affected than the sensitive one, Coco blanc. A significant stimulation of peroxidase (POD) activity
was observed in ARA14 under iron deficiency. At the same conditions, SOD and CAT activities in ARA14 plants were maintained
at high level. It was also found that the iron use efficiency for leghaemoglobin accumulation, SOD, CAT and POD activities
were critical for the protection of symbiotic system against oxidative burst and for the maintaining of an optimal functioning
of N2 fixing system. 相似文献
7.
Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a serious menace to agricultural production worldwide. In order to prevent further damage, it is of paramount important that cost-effective strategies should be developed for their management. Gut bacteria has established diverse relationships with their insect hosts, which could be exploited in pest management programs to improve on control efficiency. In this study, gut bacteria isolates identified by culture dependent technique were incorporated into larval diets in an attempt to understand the roles they play in the development and survival of oriental fruit fly. From our results, the isolated bacteria belonged to four different phyla including the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The response of the fly to different gut isolates varied greatly. Diets enriched with Enterococcus phoeniculicola had lower larval developmental duration, higher pupal weight, and an increased percentage survival. On the other hand, diets supplemented with Lactobacillus lactis had negative effects on B. dorsalis development. This study provides clues on how symbiotic bacteria could be exploited in mass rearing for an efficient implementation of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) in pest management programs. 相似文献
8.
Microsatellite characterization of Andean races of common bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</Emphasis> L.) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Blair MW Díaz JM Hidalgo R Díaz LM Duque MC 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,116(1):29-43
The Andean gene pool of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has high levels of morphological diversity in terms of seed color and size, growth habit and agro-ecological adaptation, but previously was characterized by low levels of molecular marker diversity. Three races have been described within the Andean gene pool: Chile, Nueva Granada and Peru. The objective of this study was to characterize a collection of 123 genotypes representing Andean bean diversity with 33 microsatellite markers that have been useful for characterizing race structure in common beans. The genotypes were from both the primary center of origin as well as secondary centers of diversity to which Andean beans spread and represented all three races of the gene pool. In addition we evaluated a collection of landraces from Colombia to determine if the Nueva Granada and Peru races could be distinguished in genotypes from the northern range of the primary center. Multiple correspondence analyses of the Andean race representatives identified two predominant groups corresponding to the Nueva Granada and Peru races. Some of the Chile race representatives formed a separate group but several that had been defined previously as from this race grouped with the other races. Gene flow was more notable between Nueva Granada and Peru races than between these races and the Chile race. Among the Colombian genotypes, the Nueva Granada and Peru races were identified and introgression between these two races was especially notable. The genetic diversity within the Colombian genotypes was high, reaffirming the importance of this region as an important source of germplasm. Results of this study suggest that the morphological classification of all climbing beans as Peru race genotypes and all bush beans as Nueva Granada race genotypes is erroneous and that growth habit traits have been mixed in both races, requiring a re-adjustment in the concept of morphological races in Andean beans. 相似文献
9.
Pedrosa A Vallejos CE Bachmair A Schweizer D 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(2):205-212
Fluorescent in situ hybridisation of pooled, closely linked RFLP markers was used to integrate the genetic linkage map and the mitotic chromosome map of the common bean. Pooled RFLP probes showed clear and reproducible signals and allowed the assignment of all linkage groups to the chromosomes of two Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars, Saxa and Calima. Low extension values for signals originating from clustered RFLPs suggest that these clones are physically close to each other and that clusters in the genetic map are not a result of suppression of recombination due to the occurrence of chromosome rearrangements. For linkage group K, clustering of markers could be associated with proximity to centromeres. High variation in the number of 45S rDNA loci was observed among cultivars, suggesting that these terminal sites are highly recombinogenic in common bean. 相似文献
10.
Hernán D. López-Marín Idupulapati M. Rao Matthew W. Blair 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(3):449-458
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor of crop production in acid soils, which are found mostly in developing countries
of the tropics and sub-tropics. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is particularly sensitive to Al toxicity; and development of genotypes with better root growth in Al-toxic soils is a
priority. The objectives of the present study were to physiologically assess root architectural traits in a recombinant inbred
line (RIL) population of common bean that contrasts for Al resistance (DOR364 × G19833) and to identify quantitative trait
loci (QTL) controlling root growth under two nutrient solutions, one with 20 μM Al concentration and the other without Al,
both at pH 4.5. A total of 24 QTL were found through composite interval mapping analysis, 9 for traits under Al treatment,
8 for traits under control treatment, and 7 for relative traits. Root characteristics expressed under Al treatment were found
to be under polygenic control, and some QTL were identified at the same location as QTL for tolerance to low phosphorous stress,
thus, suggesting cross-links in genetic control of adaptation of common bean to different abiotic stresses. 相似文献
11.
Bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) is an important seed borne pathogen of French bean. Differential inoculation with bean
common mosaic virus at cotylodonary trifoliate leaf stage and pre-flowering stage of crop growth revealed that cotyledonary
leaf infection favored maximum disease expression. Under immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) the virus particles of filamentous
structure having a diameter of 750 nm (l) and 15 nm (w) were observed. These particles gave positive precipitin tests with
polyclonal antiserum of Potato virus Y. 相似文献
12.
Marie Shoorooei Abdul Hadi Hoseinzadeh Reza Maali-Amiri Hossein Allahyari Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani 《Experimental & applied acarology》2018,74(4):365-381
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus uticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is globally one of the most devastating pests that feed on numerous crops, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of genotype and morphological attributes of common bean on T. uticae. Forty common bean accessions were used to investigate antixenosis and antibiosis through assessing mite feeding preference and reproduction under laboratory conditions. Three resistant (i.e., 56, 63, 238) and two susceptible (i.e., 182, 236) accessions, along with cultivars Naz (resistant) and Akhtar (susceptible), were used in a life-table study. Both antixenosis and antibiosis mechanism were observed in all of the accessions, albeit a negative correlation occurred. Significant differences were observed for all traits of T. urticae: developmental time of immature stages, reproduction, adult longevity and life-table parameters. Based on the intrinsic rate of increase, the accessions 56, 63, 182, 238, and cv. Naz impose high antibiotic effects on T. urticae. Although significant variation existed among accessions for morphological factors, only glandular trichomes correlated with mite fecundity and feeding preference. 相似文献
13.
Paulo Izquierdo Carolina Astudillo Matthew W. Blair Asif M. Iqbal Bodo Raatz Karen A. Cichy 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(8):1645-1658
Key message
Twelve meta-QTL for seed Fe and Zn concentration and/or content were identified from 87 QTL originating from seven population grown in sixteen field trials. These meta-QTL include 2 specific to iron, 2 specific to zinc and 8 that co-localize for iron and zinc concentrations and/or content.Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume for human consumption worldwide and it is an important source of microelements, especially iron and zinc. Bean biofortification breeding programs develop new varieties with high levels of Fe and Zn targeted for countries with human micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification efforts thus far have relied on phenotypic selection of raw seed mineral concentrations in advanced generations. While numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies have been conducted to identify genomic regions associated with increased Fe and Zn concentration in seeds, these results have yet to be employed for marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis from seven QTL studies in Andean and Middle American intra- and inter-gene pool populations to identify the regions in the genome that control the Fe and Zn levels in seeds. Two meta-QTL specific to Fe and two meta-QTL specific to Zn were identified. Additionally, eight Meta QTL that co-localized for Fe and Zn concentration and/or content were identified across seven chromosomes. The Fe and Zn shared meta-QTL could be useful candidates for marker-assisted breeding to simultaneously increase seed Fe and Zn. The physical positions for 12 individual meta-QTL were identified and within five of the meta-QTL, candidate genes were identified from six gene families that have been associated with transport of iron and zinc in plants.14.
Duygu Ates Tansel Kaygisiz Asciogul Seda Nemli Semih Erdogmus Dursun Esiyok Muhammed Bahattin Tanyolac 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2018,38(9):113
In the current study, 173 common bean genotypes from several geographic regions were studied. Days to flowering (DF) was evaluated in two experimental locations in Izmir, Turkey (Bornova and Menemen) in 2 years (2015 and 2016) and was found to range from 30 to 62.7 days with a mean value of 41.5 days. A total of 22,848 SNPs based on diversity array technology were developed, and after filtering, the remaining 20,766 SNP markers were used for calculating linkage disequilibrium. Chromosomes 1–11 contained 1846, 2342, 2184, 1153, 1351, 1520, 1953, 2080, 2065, 1199, and 1511 SNPs, respectively. A total of 1562 SNPs were identified as scaffold markers. The PIC value was 0.25, ranging from 0.005 to 0.500. Common bean accessions were divided into two main subpopulations, namely POP1 (Mesoamerican) and POP2 (Andean). Mixed linear model using the Q + K model showed that three SNPs had a significant association (p?<?0.01) in Bornova in 2015 and seven SNPs had a significant association (p?<?0.01) in the same location in 2016. Five significant associations (p?<?0.01) were identified in 2015 while six (p?<?0.01) were identified in Menemen in 2016. When the data from both locations and both years was combined, six SNPs were significant (p?<?0.01). For DF, 11 putative candidate genes were predicted from the sequences representing homology to linked SNPs. We conclude that the markers, which were significantly associated with the DF of the common bean genotypes in the current study, can be used for marker-assisted selection in plant breeding program of common bean. 相似文献
15.
Blair MW Pedraza F Buendia HF Gaitán-Solís E Beebe SE Gepts P Tohme J 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(8):1362-1374
A total of 150 microsatellite markers developed for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were tested for parental polymorphism and used to determine the positions of 100 genetic loci on an integrated genetic map of the species. The value of these single-copy markers was evident in their ability to link two existing RFLP-based genetic maps with a base map developed for the Mesoamerican × Andean population, DOR364 × G19833. Two types of microsatellites were mapped, based respectively on gene-coding and anonymous genomic-sequences. Gene-based microsatellites proved to be less polymorphic (46.3%) than anonymous genomic microsatellites (64.3%) between the parents of two inter-genepool crosses. The majority of the microsatellites produced single bands and detected single loci, however four of the gene-based and three of the genomic microsatellites produced consistent double or multiple banding patterns and detected more than one locus. Microsatellite loci were found on each of the 11 chromosomes of common bean, the number per chromosome ranging from 5 to 17 with an average of ten microsatellites each. Total map length for the base map was 1,720 cM and the average chromosome length was 156.4 cM, with an average distance between microsatellite loci of 19.5 cM. The development of new microsatellites from sequences in the Genbank database and the implication of these results for genetic mapping, quantitative trait locus analysis and marker-assisted selection in common bean are described.Communicated by H.F. Linskens 相似文献
16.
Matthew W. Blair Lucy M. Díaz Hector F. Buendía Myriam C. Duque 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(6):955-972
Cultivated common bean germplasm is especially diverse due to the parallel domestication of two genepools in the Mesoamerican
and Andean centers of diversity and introgression between these gene pools. Classification into morphological races has helped
to provide a framework for utilization of this cultivated germplasm. Meanwhile, core collections along with molecular markers
are useful tools for organizing and analyzing representative sets of these genotypes. In this study, we evaluated 604 accessions
from the CIAT core germplasm collection representing wide genetic variability from both primary and secondary centers of diversity
with a newly developed, fluorescent microsatellite marker set of 36 genomic and gene-based SSRs to determine molecular diversity
and with seed protein analysis to determine phaseolin alleles. The entire collection could be divided into two genepools and
five predominant races with the division between the Mesoamerica race and the Durango–Jalisco group showing strong support
within the Mesoamerican genepool and the Nueva Granada and Peru races showing less diversity overall and some between-group
admixture within the Andean genepool. The Chile race could not be distinguished within the Andean genepool but there was support
for the Guatemala race within the Mesoamerican genepool and this race was unique in its high level of diversity and distance
from other Mesoamerican races. Based on this population structure, significant associations were found between SSR loci and
seed size characteristics, some on the same linkage group as the phaseolin locus, which previously had been associated with
seed size, or in other regions of the genome. In conclusion, this study has shown that common bean has very significant population
structure that can help guide the construction of genetic crosses that maximize diversity as well as serving as a basis for
additional association studies. 相似文献
17.
Jesús Arellano Sara Isabel Fuentes Patricia Castillo-España Georgina Hernández 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,96(1):11-18
A protocol for in vitro regeneration via indirect organogenesis for Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Negro Jamapa was established. The explants used were apical meristems and cotyledonary nodes dissected from the embryonic
axes of germinating seeds. Several auxin/cytokinin combinations were tested for callus induction. The best callus production
was obtained with medium containing 1.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 2 weeks of growth calli were transferred
to shooting medium containing 22.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Shoots regenerated with a frequency of approximately 0.5 shoots
per callus, and upon transfer to rooting medium these shoots produced roots with 100% efficiency. Histological analyses of
the regeneration process confirmed the indirect organogenesis pattern. Greenhouse grown regenerated plants showed normal development
and were fertile. The protocol was reproducible for other nine P. vulgaris cultivars tested, suggesting a genotype independent procedure. 相似文献
18.
Ana M. González Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona Luis Godoy Antonia Fernández-Lozano A. Paula Rodiño Antonio M. De Ron Rafael Lozano Marta Santalla 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2016,36(12):166
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is an important disease that causes halo blight in common bean. The genetic mechanisms underlying quantitative halo blight resistance are poorly understood in this species, as most disease studies have focused on qualitative resistance. The present work examines the genetic basis of quantitative resistance to the nine halo blight races in different organs (primary and trifoliate leaf, stem and pod) of an Andean recombinant inbred line (RIL) progeny. Using a multi-environment quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach, 76 and 101 main-effect and epistatic QTLs were identified, respectively. Most of the epistatic interactions detected were due to loci without detectable QTL additive main effects. Main and epistatic QTLs detected were mainly consistent across the environment conditions. The homologous genomic regions corresponding to 26 of the 76 main-effect detected QTLs were positive for the presence of resistance-associated gene cluster encoding nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NL) proteins and known defence genes. Main-effect QTLs for resistance to races 3, 4 and 5 in leaf, stem and pod were located on chromosome 2 within a 3.01-Mb region, where a cluster of nine NL genes was detected. The NL gene Phvul.002G323300 is located in this region, which can be considered an important putative candidate gene for the non-organ-specific QTL identified here. The present research provides essential information not only for the better understanding of the plant-pathogen interaction but also for the application of genomic assisted breeding for halo blight resistance in common bean. 相似文献
19.
Abdelaal Shamseldin 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(8):1603-1606
Plasmid profile analysis is useful to characterize Rhizobium strains within the same species. Among the 16 Rhizobium strains examined, 14 had distinct plasmid profiles. The size of plasmids ranged from 40 to 650 kb, and three plasmids of
650, 510 and 390 kb were common to several strains. Plasmid analysis revealed that Rhizobium etli contained a mega-plasmid, similar in size to Rhizobium tropici. All the salt-tolerant strains examined had a plasmid of 250 kb, except for strain EBRI 29. This suggests that this plasmid
may play an important adaptive role under salt stress conditions. 相似文献
20.
Matthew W Blair Sharon JB Knewtson Carolina Astudillo Chee-Ming Li Andrea C Fernandez Michael A Grusak 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):215