四种麻蝇早期幼虫形态的扫描电镜观察

对常见麻蝇早期幼虫的形态观察研究有助于蝇类早期幼虫的分类及其所致蝇蛆病的诊断。有关蝇类早期幼虫形态的扫描电镜研究报道很少。菊池滋(1972,1974)及作者先后对肠胃蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、牛皮蝇(Hypoderma bovis)、纹皮蝇(H.1ineatum)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)及7种丽蝇与绿蝇(景涛1985)的早期幼虫与三龄幼虫用扫描电镜作过观察研究。但对麻蝇幼虫的观察至今尚未见详细报道。为此,1981年至1983年对常见4种麻蝇早期幼虫进行了扫描电镜观察。材料与方法标本来源从野外采到怀孕的雌性麻蝇,或用诱蝇笼在旁边开一12×12cm的口,缝…     

太原市常见麻蝇的生态学研究

本文报告1980年3月至1982年5月对太原市常见麻蝇的生态学调查研究结果,共获麻蝇科35种,其中以棕尾别麻蝇、白头亚麻蝇、红尾粪麻蝇、红尾拉蝇、黑尾黑麻蝇及酱亚麻蝇等为当地优势种群。并对优势种群的季节消长、越冬及其幼虫孳生习性分别作了介绍。太原市常见麻蝇活动期限在3月中旬至11月中旬,7、8月份多数种类出现高峰,高峰季节与当地肠道流行病的高峰有关。优势种类主要以蛹期越冬,但急钩亚麻蝇也有幼虫越冬的现象。发现幼虫孳生场所5类:人粪便类、畜粪便类、腐败动物质、腐败植物质及垃圾。文中并对防蝇灭蝇加以讨论。     

黑尾黑麻蝇繁殖习性的研究

传统的蝇类研究仅限在医学昆虫应用方面,随着应用生物学的发展,蝇类已被视为一种重要的资源动物而加以研究和利用。据山东大学生物系李根君l‘］教授研究,以家蝇为例,繁殖速率快,繁殖量大,蛆体内含蛋白质53％,脂肪25％,营养价值高于鱼粉。据在淄博桓台、济南长清等地的实验,用蛆及其制品喂养动物,如对虾、鸡、水貂、鳖等都有良好的效果。此外,蝇类昆虫蛋白的综合利用正引起各国的重视。日本东京大学药学部教授名取俊二从常见的一种麻蝇体液中,成功地提取了凝集素,能干扰哺乳动物体内肿瘤细胞,使之萎缩,甚至消失。该研究开创…     

济南常见蝇类的种类及其季节消长的调查

本文记述了1960年5月至1961年4月在济南市市区及郊区采用臭鱼诱捕及人工不定期采集对蝇类的种类及季节消长的调查结果。济南市蝇类的种类前人先后报告共有22种, 此次调查共发现42种, 其中21种为本地区的首次记录。蝇类季节消长总的情况是:自3—11月份在室外均可捕获到蝇类, 8月为其高峰:最常见种类的高峰如下:大头金蝇、银绿蝇均在8月, 舍蝇在10月, 市蝇为8、10两个月, 格氏丽蝇则在5月。全年诱得的蝇类总数中以大头金蝇为最多(18.06％):银绿蝇次之(16.64％):再次之为舍蝇(15.49％)及市蝇(15.06％)等。不同场所诱得的蝇类中占比例最高的蝇种则各不相同;北郊厕所以大头金蝇为最多(34.6％), 北郊马厩则以舍蝇(30.94％)、市蝇(30.06％)居首位, 市区食堂、酱园及南郊垃圾堆则以银绿蝇为最多(分别为37.54％、27.11％及19.36％)。此外, 对不同场所常见蝇类组成的季节变化本文也进行了分析。     

四川二郎山山区有瓣蝇类调查研究

1980～1990年,采集用网捕法,分类用昆虫学分类原理与方法,调查四川省二郎山山区有瓣蝇类种类及其相关情况.结果 显示,二郎山山区蝇类有307种,隶属8科25亚科93属.其中特有种有197种,占已知种的64.16%,发现二郎山新纪录种132种,占已知种的42.99%;区系成分分析表明,二郎山山区有瓣蝇类以东洋区成分为主.成蝇年周期中的密度高峰在5月和6月,优势种为紫兰优毛蝇、家蝇和反吐丽蝇;发现黄粪蝇、密胡邻种蝇和黑尾黑麻蝇幼虫可在大雪覆盖下的孳生地过冬.本研究对二郎山山区有瓣蝇类的区系组成和分布等相关特点有了初步了解;但二郎山为横断山脉一部分,地形地貌相当复杂,是最具生物多样性地区之一,尚需深入研究.     

mtDNA中COⅠ分子标记在常见食尸性蝇类鉴定中的应用

死后不同时间,在尸体上出现不同种类食尸性蝇类的演替规律,可用于准确推断死亡时间。传统上仅依据蝇类形态学特征来判断种属,但由于蝇类的形态结构复杂和种间形态差异微小等特点,对蝇类尤其是对蝇类幼虫的种属鉴别很难。因此应用分子生物学方法对食尸性蝇类及其幼虫进行种属鉴定非常重要。本研究主要是利用此方法对我国西部部分地区常见双翅目食尸性蝇类包括：开普黑蝇、大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇及部分卵,铜绿蝇、棕尾别麻蝇及部分幼虫和蛹的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)上细胞色素氧化酶辅酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)中278 bp的基因序列进行鉴别。除个别蝇类如丝光绿蝇与铜绿蝇外,该方法均能有效地将上述食尸性蝇类鉴定到种属水平。在我国,它将成为法医鉴别食尸性蝇类种属的可靠依据。     

山东邹县贾庄蝇类季节消长和孳生习性的调查

关于山东地区蝇类的调查,济南、青岛等地已有报告。但在农村尚缺如,1961-62年作者在邹县贾庄地区对蝇类的季节消长和兹生习性进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。     

蝇类幼虫的寄生性天敌——赤色大腿小蜂的生物学特性初探

赤色大腿小蜂(Brachymeria pulchripes Holmgren)为丽蝇、金蝇与麻蝇幼虫的寄生性天敌(素木得一,1958;蔡帮华,1984)。对该蜂的生物学探讨有助于蝇类的生物防治。该蜂自从1949年国外报告寄生于丽蝇以来,先后在金蝇及麻蝇蛹内发现,但对其生物学特性研究很少。作者于1982年在蝇类生态调查中,先后发现该蜂在山西分布较广,可寄生于麻蝇、丽蝇等三龄幼虫体内,然后对其某些生物学特性与养殖方法进行了初步的调查与实验。     

四川雅安地区室内蝇类监测简报

1988年至1989年,作者对雅安地区蝇类在年周期中室内数量变化用目测法在100间不同类型的房屋内进行了监测。共监测成蝇标本6714只,隶属3科7属8种。简报如下。1蝇类群落组成所观察6714只标本中,其群落组成(%)从大到小序列依次为:家蝇(84.56)、巨尾阿丽蝇(9.28)、丝光绿蝇(2.98)、大头金蝇(2.28)、厩腐蝇(0.31)、麻蝇(含棕尾别麻蝇、白头亚麻蝇与黑尾黑麻蝇,0.28)、斑蹠黑蝇(0.71)及巴浦绿蝇(0.14)。从上述情况可以看出,家蝇为当地室内绝对优势种。2阳房率及其密度指数所监测7200间住房中,有蝇房间465间,阳房率6.46%,成蝇密度指数为0.93。各该…     

福州地区蝇类调查报告

福州地区的蝇类,最近陈桂光氏(1957)在市区作了初步调查,发现蝇类有13属18种,并报告了蝇类在不同捕集场所的分布与季节消长情况。可是对这个地区的广大郊区的蝇类情况还不了解,为了今后做好“除害灭病”工作,我们进一步在1957年1月至1958年3月间对福州的市区、郊区的蝇类的种别、季节消长、成蝇活动场所、滋生地及冬季活动情况等作了调查。现将结果扼要报导如下,以供灭蝇工作的参考。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.