DIADEM--a system for the interactive data acquisition and processing in an analytical laboratory.

A conversational program for the acquisition of experimental data in a multi-user, multi-instrument computer system is described. It assists the researcher when recording on-time data. Due to the simple structure of the dialogue, no special knowledge of computer handling is required by the experimenter. Whereas the experimental methods are versatile, a uniform concept of the dialogue and the file structure is realized.     

Automated data processing system at the National Center for Blood Transfusion

1) Data processing of blood unit test result on Groupamatic with manual labelling listings:--according to unit numbers;--according to blood results. 2) Blood donor file (updating):--114 473 donors;--150 characters/standard donors;--250 characters/precious donors. 3) Automatic print-out of:--call-ups;--donor data cards;--national blood donor cards:--diplomas;--red cards of badges;--particular listings of blood donors for medical checking, calling up, selecting units with special characteristics;--general listings. 4) Automatic labelling of blood units, by reading the unit identification number, and by printing out the corresponding labels.     

Impulse data processing system using personal computer

I developed an online impulse data processing system using a personal computer. This system may be useful for studies on any kind of unit activity.     

miRAS: a data processing system for miRNA expression profiling study

Background  

The study of microRNAs (miRNAs) is attracting great considerations. Recent studies revealed that miRNAs play as important regulators of gene expression and some even as cancer players or inhibitors. Many studies try to discover new miRNAs and reveal the miRNA expression profile in cancer using a SAGE-based total RNA clone method. However, the data processing of this method is labor-intensive with several different biological databases and more than ten data processing steps involved.     

Modular PC-based data acquisition and processing system for biological signals]

The data acquisition system described here is designed for biomedical research and permits the recording of up to eight biological signals simultaneously. A personal computer using the Windows 95 operating system is employed for data monitoring, data processing and analysis during experiments. The system has been designed for reliability, economy, flexibility and ease of handling, with the aim of achieving universal application. To avoid interface incompatibility, problems with transfer protocols and the data formats of commercially available products, analog signals are used for further processing. The individual input channels are electrically isolated from one another and the PC to avoid ground loops, and for reasons of safety. An isolated voltage supply is available for pre-amplifiers and bridges. A bandwidth of 0-5 kHz and the maximum sampling rate of 12.5 kHz suffice to pick up higher frequency signals such as EMG and ENG. The modular software and hardware concepts permit the use of almost any desktop or laptop PC as a central processing unit. The PC handless documentation, data acquisition, data analysis and the preparation of publications. If needed, further analytical functions can be added in modular form. Finally, the option of saving data in the ASCII format permits processing of results with such standard software packages as Excel, Access, Matlab and Origin.     

Gifa V. 4: A complete package for NMR data set processing

Summary The Gifa program is designed for processing, displaying and analysing 1D, 2D and 3D NMR data sets. It has been constructed in a modular fashion, based on three independent modules: a set of commands that perform all the basic processing operations such as apodisation functions, a complete set of Fourier Transforms, phasing and baseline correction, peak-picking and line fitting, linear prediction and maximum entropy processing; a set of command language primitives that permit the execution of complex macro commands; and a set of graphic commands that permit to build a complete graphic user interface, allowing the user to interact easily with the program. We have tried to create a versatile program that can be easily extended according to the user's requirements and that is adapted to a novice as well as an experienced user. The program runs on any UNIX computer, with or without graphic display, in interactive or batch mode.     

Liquid-scintillation-spectrometer data processing by desk-top computer

A desk-top computing system has been programmed to store accurately the quench curves necessary for the calculation of total disintegrations/minute (d.p.m.) of samples containing either one or two radioactive isotopes. In producing d.p.m. values background counts are subtracted, and in binary-labelled samples the counts attributable to each radioactive isotope are separated. The programme also relates d.p.m. to the weight, volume and density of the sample. Each variable is easily recalled and adjustments can be made for different batches of samples without reprogramming. Equally easily changes of radioactive isotope, quenching agent, scintillator or window setting can be accommodated. Quadratic equations are used to express the quench curves. Counting efficiencies obtained when the coefficients in the quadratic equations are derived from three carefully chosen points on a quench curve are compared with those obtained when the coefficients are derived by the method of least squares. The results of both mathematical approximations are compared with the efficiencies read by the eye from graphs.     

An off-line data processing system for biochemistry profiling based on a 2K programmable calculator.

An off-line data processing system based on a Hewlett Packard 2K programmable calculator to be used with a biochemistry profiling system is described. The program is in two sections. A Data Acquisition phase calculates results from Auto Analyser II peak heights after corrections for drift and stores them on magnetic tape cassettes. Quality control statistics are produced. A Reporting phase types the profile results on self-adhesive pre-printed labels to be attached to the test-request form and also prepares a laboratory record sheet. The system is routinely used to process up to 2000 peak heights per day. Non-profile heights may also be read using this program.     

Geographical information system parallelization for spatial big data processing: a review

With the increasing interest in large-scale, high-resolution and real-time geographic information system (GIS) applications and spatial big data processing, traditional GIS is not efficient enough to handle the required loads due to limited computational capabilities.Various attempts have been made to adopt high performance computation techniques from different applications, such as designs of advanced architectures, strategies of data partition and direct parallelization method of spatial analysis algorithm, to address such challenges. This paper surveys the current state of parallel GIS with respect to parallel GIS architectures, parallel processing strategies, and relevant topics. We present the general evolution of the GIS architecture which includes main two parallel GIS architectures based on high performance computing cluster and Hadoop cluster. Then we summarize the current spatial data partition strategies, key methods to realize parallel GIS in the view of data decomposition and progress of the special parallel GIS algorithms. We use the parallel processing of GRASS as a case study. We also identify key problems and future potential research directions of parallel GIS.     

Parallel processing data acquisition system for multilaser flow cytometry and cell sorting

This report describes the data acquisition electronics for a flow cytometer. The design differs from most instruments in that the signals from a large number of detectors are processed in parallel. Each of the input channels is capable of autonomously measuring and digitizing the fluorescence signals. The digitized values that belong to one particle are collected by digital circuitry and are presented as a compact data package on a special bus. In addition to the pulse values, the data package contains a time marker, information needed for sort decisions, and an error detection code. Specially designed electronic modules that read the information from the bus can take complex multiparameter sort decisions at a very high speed. All events can also be recorded as data lists by a computer. The lists can be used to reconstruct a sort or analysis run. The raw data lists can also be reduced to kinetic curves and/or (gated) multivariate histograms. As a result of the applied scheme of parallel pulse processing, the dead time of the system is independent of the number of parameters measured and the number and time separation of the excitation beams. The instrument has a cycle time of 5 microseconds, which corresponds to a throughput rate of 2 x 10(5) events/s. At this rate, the incidence of correlation errors is well below 1 in 10(8) analyzed particles. The system has proved to be reliable and convenient to use in a variety of experiments. Its high speed and low error rate make it well suited for high-resolution measurements, rare-event analysis, kinetic measurements, and high-speed cell sorting.     

A quantitative method for evaluating bivariate flow cytometric data obtained using monoclonal antibodies to bromodeoxyuridine.

A method is presented for analyzing data from bivariate analysis of cell populations exposed to bromodeoxyuridine and subsequently examined both for the presence of BrdUrd and for the cellular DNA content. It is shown that certain features may be defined in the bivariate data which are constant independent both of cell type and, within limits, experimental variability. These landmark features include the ratio of red, DNA, fluorescence of G2 + M cells to G1 cells, the ratio of green fluorescence corresponding to the non-specific binding of unlabeled G2 + M cells to unlabeled G1 cells, and the distribution of green fluorescence in unlabeled cells. The landmarks make it possible to standardize rules for establishing the separation line between-labeled and unlabeled cells as required in these experiments to obtain estimates of cytokinetic parameters. Values obtained for the DNA synthesis time and the potential doubling time which result from different decision rules for distinguishing labeled from unlabeled are compared in two murine tumor lines. The potential doubling time, but not the DNA synthesis time is shown to depend sensitively on the separation line. Suggestions are presented for analyzing clinical data with this procedure.