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1.
A liquid culture protocol was developed to regenerate shoots from cotyledons of germinating seeds of jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Reproducibility of the protocol was tested in three genotypes of jute. Highest bud differentiation rates into normal
shoots (via shoot-forming explants) were obtained on modified Murashige and Skoog's liquid medium containing 2.7 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 4.4 μM benzylaminopurine. Regenerated shoots were excised, and the best root formation could be induced in medium with 2.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid and 1.5% sucrose. Bud primordia were formed directly on the cut surface of the cotyledons. Scanning
electron micrographs and histological studies confirmed the organogenic nature of the regenerated shoots. The physical condition
of the culture medium and the age of the explants played crucial roles in the induction of shoot development using shoots;
2-day-old explants being optimal. Approximately 70% of the shoots were successfully established in soil after hardening.
Received: 20 October 1997 / Revision received: 4 October 1998 / Accepted: 27 October 1998 相似文献
2.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: High lignin content of lignocellulose jute fibre does not favour its utilization in making finer fabrics and other value-added products. To aid the development of low-lignin jute fibre, this study aimed to identify a phloem fibre mutant with reduced lignin. METHODS: An x-ray-induced mutant line (CMU) of jute (Corchorus capsularis) was morphologically evaluated and the accession (CMU 013) with the most undulated phenotype was compared with its normal parent (JRC 212) for its growth, secondary fibre development and lignification of the fibre cell wall. KEY RESULTS: The normal and mutant plants showed similar leaf photosynthetic rates. The mutant grew more slowly, had shorter internodes and yielded much less fibre after retting. The fibre of the mutant contained 50 % less lignin but comparatively more cellulose than that of the normal type. Differentiation of primary and secondary vascular tissues throughout the CMU 013 stem was regular but it did not have secondary phloem fibre bundles as in JRC 212. Instead, a few thin-walled, less lignified fibre cells formed uni- or biseriate radial rows within the phloem wedges of the middle stem. The lower and earliest developed part of the mutant stem had no lignified fibre cells. This developmental deficiency in lignification of fibre cells was correlated to a similar deficiency in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, but not peroxidase activity, in the bark tissue along the stem axis. In spite of severe reduction in lignin synthesis in the phloem cells this mutant functioned normally and bred true. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the observations made, the mutant is designated as deficient lignified phloem fibre (dlpf). This mutant may be utilized to engineer low-lignin jute fibre strains and may also serve as a model to study the positional information that coordinates secondary wall thickening of fibre cells. 相似文献
3.
Bharadwaj Pushyami M. R. Beena M. K. Sinha P. B. Kirti 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2011,20(1):39-46
Jute is a crop of commercial importance that is widely cultivated for its bast fiber production but susceptible to many diseases that results in major economic loss. New genes can be introduced into this plant through Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation for its genetic improvement, which is dependent on the availability of suitable in vitro techniques. An efficient regeneration system has been developed for in vitro culture of jute (Corchorus capsularis) from the distal cut ends of cotyledonary petioles. High frequency shoot regeneration was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient agar medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA, 0.5 mg/l BAP and 36 g/l sucrose. On transfer to soil, the regenerated plantlets survived and appeared to be morphologically similar to the normal seed-grown plants. They developed pods and set fertile seeds. Histological analysis revealed de novo origin of shoot buds in the in vitro cultured cotyledonary petioles. Parameters affecting transformation were optimized by assaying GUS activity in these regenerable tissues after cocultivation with Agrobacteria. These tissues appear to be susceptible for infection and transformation by Agrobacterium carrying uid (GUS INT) and nptII genes, as well as shoot multiplication. The cells at the cut end of the petioles were found competent to take up the DNA, which was monitored by transient GUS gene expression. EHA105 at 0.3 O.D and LBA4404 at 0.5 O.D were found to be compatible in giving optimal levels of transient GUS expression. 相似文献
4.
Summary The observations on the effect of urea application on the germination and yield of jute under two different soil conditions are reported. 相似文献
5.
- 1.A number of varieties of cultivated juteGorchorus oHtorius L. andG. capsularis L. were tested in artificially created drought, waterlogging and control conditions. 相似文献
6.
7.
G. C. Mitra 《Genetica》1977,47(1):71-72
A perfectly monofactorially segregating male sterility mutant in jute, associated with a morphological marker (ribbon leaf, rl) was found to form a pleiotropic complex with several undesirable characters, which make it unsuitable for hybrid breeding, in spite of unimpaired viability. It is improbable that the unfavorable characters can be made harmless by selection for compensating genes. 相似文献
8.
D. C. Joshua C. R. Bhatia 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,82(2):254-255
Summary Reproductive effort (RE) of a day-length neutral mutant TCJ-5, its parent, and two other cultivars of jute (Corchorus capsularis) was estimated as reproductive biomass/aerial biomass. Plant height at flowering and aerial biomass were significantly higher in the mutant, while the reproductive biomass at 55 days after flowering was statistically equal. Therefore, the estimated RE was significantly lower in the mutant compared to the parent and other cultivars. The lower RE of the mutant was due to delayed initiation of flowering and additional vegetative growth in this period. The results show alteration of RE by a recessive mutation. 相似文献
9.
10.
Stimulation of shoot regeneration from jute cotyledons cultured with non-ionic surfactants and relationship to physico-chemical properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The effects have been studied of the non-ionic surfactants, Plutonic F-68, Tween 20 or Triton X-100, on shoot regeneration from cultured jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) cotyledons with attached petioles. This group of non-ionic surfactants was selected in order to determine a possible relationship between the physico-chemical properties of individual compounds and their observable effects on plant morphogenesis in cultured jute cotyledons. Supplementation of culture medium with 0.001–0.5% (w/v) Pluronic F-68 increased the mean percentage of cotyledons producing shoots and the mean number of shoots/cotyledon, with maximal responses at 0.5% (w/v). By contrast, Tween 20 produced maximal effects at 0.001% (v/v), with inhibition of shoot formation at 0.5% (v/v). In both cases, phenotypically normal plants were recovered which could be grown to maturity. Culture of cotyledons with 0.001% (v/v) Triton X-100 similarly increased both the percentage of cotyledons producing shoots and the number of shoots/cotyledon. However, these shoots did not develop into mature plants. Additionally, shoots did not regenerate from cotyledons cultured with Triton at 0.01–0.5% (v/v). These results demonstrate mat there is an apparent relationship between the hydrophilic-hydrophobic (HLB) balance of surfactants which determine their cell permeabilising properties and consequently, their effects on morphogenesis.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) 相似文献
11.
Summary Protoplasts of Panax ginseng were isolated from embryos obtained from the 4-year old embryogenic cell line KCTC PCL 49031 which was derived from a zygotic embryo. High protoplast yields of 22–25 × 106 protoplast / g tissue were obtained following 5–6 h digestion with 2% Cellulysin, 1% Pectinase and 1% Macerasae in half strength Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 12% mannitol. A plating density of 1×105 protoplasts /ml was found optimal for protoplast culture. An initial division frequency of 10% was obtained in an agarosegelled defined medium. Myo-inositol (6%) was found to be the most suitable osmoticum. Somatic embryos were formed from protoplast derived embryogenic callus, which regenerated into plantlets.Abbreviations NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Kn
kinetin
- BA
benzyladenine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium 相似文献
12.
Transgenic hairy root system is important in several recalcitrant plants, where Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant transformation and generation of transgenic plants are problematic. Jute (Corchorus spp.), the major fibre crop in Indian subcontinent, is one of those recalcitrant plants where in vitro tissue culture has
provided a little success, and hence, Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation remains to be a challenging proposition in this crop. In the present work, a system of transgenic
hairy roots in Corchorus capsularis L. has been developed through genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes harbouring two plasmids, i.e. the natural Ri plasmid and a recombinant binary vector derived from the disarmed Ti plasmid
of A. tumefaciens. Our findings indicate that the system is relatively easy to establish and reproducible. Molecular analysis of the independent
lines of transgenic hairy roots revealed the transfer of relevant transgenes from both the T-DNA parts into the plant genome,
indicating the co-transformation nature of the event. High level expression and activity of the gusA reporter gene advocate that the transgenic hairy root system, thus developed, could be applicable as gene expression system
in general and for root functional genomics in particular. Furthermore, these transgenic hairy roots can be used in future
as explants for plantlet regeneration to obtain stable transgenic jute plants. 相似文献
13.
14.
W. C. Chang Y. I. Hsing 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1980,57(3):133-135
Summary Callus culture was initiated from expiants of mature root tissues of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on MS medium enriched with 2,4-D. The ageing callus produced numerous embryoids in this medium. Reculture of these embryoids in media (1/2 MS or B5) supplemented with benzyladenine and gibberellic acid resulted in profuse plantlet regeneration. 相似文献
15.
Protoplasts have been isolated from three tuber-bearing Solanum species, S. hjertingii, S. polyadenium and S. capsicibaccatum, that are sexually incompatible with S. tuberosum, but possess potentially useful characters. For isolating protoplasts from leaves of in vitro shoot cultures of S. hjertingii and S. capsicibaccatum growth was improved by including silver thiosulfate in the medium. However, for S. polyadenium, leaves of pot-grown plants were the best source for protoplasts. Following protoplast division and culture, plants were regenerated from protoplasts of each of the species. The pattern of chromosome variation in regenerants was similar to that observed for other diploid and tetraploid Solanum species. The results indicate that it should be possible to introduce the potentially useful germplasm from these wild species into somatic hybrids with S. tuberosum by protoplast fusion.Abbreviations STS
silver thiosulfate
- BAP
benzylaminopurine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid 相似文献
16.
Chinmay Biswas Piyali Dey Subrata Satpathy 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(13):1600-1602
Xanthomonas campestris pv. capsularii causing blight on jute (Corchorus capsularis) leaves was reported for the first time in India. The symptom of the disease initially observed was appearance of small angular brown leaf spots and later as blighted areas on leaf lamina. The disease-causing pathogen was isolated and identified on the basis of its colony morphology, PCR, sequencing and subsequent BLASTn analysis. 相似文献
17.
Protoplasts isolated from young, unexpanded leaves of the wild lettuce species, Lactuca saligna, divided to give colonies, when plated at low density in KP8 medium solidified with 1% (w/v) agarose. Sustained colony development was dependent upon the incorporation of the bead culture approach. Plant regeneration, via organogenesis, followed the transfer of colonies firstly to K8 medium and then to M/S medium supplemented with IAA and 6-BAP, both solidified with 1% (w/v) agarose. Excised shoots were rooted on agar-solidified M/S medium lacking phytohormones. The potential of this species as a source of race-non-specific mildew resistance for transfer into lettuce (L. sativa) via somatic hybridisation is discussed.Abbreviations 6-BAP
6-benzylamine purine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- M/S
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- fwt
fresh weight 相似文献
18.
Plant regeneration from seeds responds to phylogenetic relatedness and local adaptation in Mediterranean Romulea (Iridaceae) species
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Seed germination is the most important transitional event between early stages in the life cycle of spermatophytes and understanding it is crucial to understand plant adaptation and evolution. However, so far seed germination of phylogenetically closely related species has been poorly investigated. To test the hypothises that phylogenetically related plant species have similar seed ecophysiological traits thereby reflecting certain habitat conditions as a result of local adaptation , we studied seed dormancy and germination in seven Mediterranean species in the genus Romulea (Iridaceae). Both the across‐species model and the model accounting for shared evolutionary history showed that cool temperatures (≤ 15°C) were the main factor that promoted seed germination. The absence of embryo growth before radicle emergence is consistent with a prompt germination response at cool temperatures. The range of temperature conditions for germination became wider after a period of warm stratification, denoting a weak primary dormancy. Altogether these results indicate that the studied species exhibit a Mediterranean germination syndrome, but with species‐specific germination requirements clustered in a way that follows the phylogenetic relatedness among those species. In addition, species with heavier seeds from humid habitats showed a wider range of conditions for germination at dispersal time than species from dry habitats possessing lighter seeds. We conclude that while phylogenetically related species showed very similar germination requirements, there are subtle ecologically meaningful differences, confirming the onset of adaptation to local ecological factors mediated by species relatedness. 相似文献
19.
Heloniopsis orientalis (Liliaceae) is an important horticultural crop native to Korea. Under natural conditions, germination is poor and plant growth
is delayed. Therefore, we have developed a vegetative propagation method to produce plants with vigorous growth characteristics
via tissue culture. Leaf tissues were cultured on MS basal media supplemented with growth regulators 2,4-D, TDZ, BA, or zeatin.
The regenerated shoots were then initiated directly from leaf expiants on an MS medium containing either 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D
or 0.1 to 3.0 mg/L BA. Healthy plantlets with adventitious roots were formed on the medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BA.
TDZ triggered callus initiation without caulogenesis or rhizogenesis, and callus formation was better on the half-strength
MS medium than on the full-strength medium. After the plants were acclimatized for one month at 4°C, they were successfully
transferred to soil. In addition, we used LM and SEM to investigate shoot morphogenesis at various stages of differentiation. 相似文献
20.
Xiang Liu Chun-Miao Feng Robert Franks Rongda Qu De-Yu Xie Qiu-Yun Jenny Xiang 《Plant cell reports》2013,32(1):77-87