荧光探针在光动力疗法亚细胞损伤位点研究中的应用

目的：应用荧光探针在光动力疗法研究中检测亚细胞损伤位点。方法：传代培养鼠肺毛细血管内皮细胞,将血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)与内皮细胞共同孵育24小时后,加入线粒体探针Bhodamine-123、内质网探针DioC6(3)和溶酶体探针Lucifer yellow分别对细胞器染色。首先采用激光共聚焦显微镜对光敏剂进行亚细胞定位。应用荧光显微镜汞灯照射激发光敏剂的光动力效应,加入ROS探针H2DCF-DA检测产生的单线态氧。分别在激发前后采集Pdloclamine-123、Lucifer yellow和DioC6(3)的荧光图像。结果：线粒体探针Phodamine-123的荧光图像在光动力损伤前后差异显著,原有形态特点发生明显改变;Phodamine-123在光动力损伤后再分布于细胞核区。结论：血卟啉单甲醚介导的光动力效应导致亚细胞水平多位点损伤,线粒体和核膜可能是PDT敏感位点;荧光探针标记检测光动力损伤亚细胞位点方法简便可靠。     

ZnPcS2P2-based photodynamic therapy induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in K562 cells

Mitochondria play a key role in the regulation of apoptosis induced by numerous antitumor chemotherapeutic and other toxic agents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exerts significant cellular killing efficacy through either an apoptotic or necrotic cell death pathway. This study investigated the mechanism underlying the killing effects of a novel amphipathic photosensitizer [di-sulfonated di-phthalimidomethy lphthalocyanine zinc (ZnPcS2P2)]-mediated photodynamic therapy (ZnPcS2P2-PDT) on K562 cells. Apoptosis was evident in the post-PDT cells through the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and DNA fragmentation assay. After ZnPcS2P2-PDT, K562 cells underwent mitochondria-dependent apoptosis as evidenced by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (A~m) reduction, indicating the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). The activities of protease from the caspase family and caspase-3 were also significantly elevated. Furthermore, ZnPcS2P2-PDT down-regulated the expression of chimaeric Bcr-Abl oncoprotein, which is the molecular hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).     

脂氧素对K562和HL-60白血病细胞增殖和凋亡的影响(英文)

炎症在肿瘤的发生发展过程中扮演重要角色,脂氧素是一类重要的内源性抗炎介质。但是迄今为止,脂氧素对肿瘤的影响报道极少。为此,本文研究了脂氧素对HL-60和K562白血病细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。体外培养白血病细胞株HL-60和K562,Western印迹和实时荧光定量PCR检测脂氧素受体的表达情况;CCK-8法(cell counting kit-8 assay)检测HL-60和K562的增殖能力;PI染色后利用流式细胞仪进行细胞周期分析;膜联蛋白V试剂盒检测脂氧素对细胞凋亡的影响。实验结果表明脂氧素抑制HL-60和K562白血病细胞增殖(P0.05);脂氧素处理组S期细胞比例明显减少而G_0/G_1期细胞比例增加;脂氧素还可以诱导HL-60和K562白血病细胞凋亡。由此可见,脂氧素抑制HL-60和K562白血病细胞增殖,其机制可能与诱导白血病细胞G_0/G_1期阻滞和细胞凋亡有关。     

ZnPcH1介导的光动力疗法对K562细胞的作用及其机制研究

探讨新型光敏剂ZnPcH1介导的光动力疗法对K562细胞的杀伤效应及其杀伤机制.应用MTT比色法检测光动力疗法对K562细胞增殖能力的影响;采用AO/EB荧光染色法、DNA片段化分析、TUNNEL、AnnexinV-FTTC/PI双染法等检测ZnPcH1-PDT诱导K562细胞的死亡方式;以RT-PCR法检测ZnPcH...     

ALA-PDT对多种白血病细胞破坏作用的实验研究

目的:本研究主要观察相同条件的5 氨基乙酰丙酸的光动力疗法(ALA PDT)对不同种类的白血病细胞株生存率的影响,以及细胞死亡类型的差异。方法:选择5种白血病细胞(K562、HL60、U937、MOLT 4和6T CEM)进行比较。用MTT法检测细胞的存活率,用AnnexinV FITC PI双染法检测细胞不同死亡类型的比例。结果:不同细胞对相同条件的ALA PDT的敏感程度不同,依次为U937相似文献   

DLK1基因在急性白血病细胞系中的表达及其意义

目的:研究急性白血病细胞系DLK1基因的表达水平在红系分化中的作用.方法:采用RT-PCR、Western bitting时白血病细胞系K562、HL-60进行DLK1水平的检测.培养K562细胞,用氯化高铁血红素(hemin)诱导其分化,观察DLK1在红系分化中的变化.结果:K562细胞DLK1mRNA、蛋白水平存在明显表达,HL-60细胞DLK1则不表达.通过RT-PCR检测了hemin诱导K562细胞向红系分化过程中各时间点DLK1mRNA的变化,显示随着K562向红系分化,DLK1mRNA的水平逐渐下降.结论:K562细胞表达DLK1,HL-60不表达DLK1.DLK1基因可能参与K562细胞向红系分化的过程,可能抑制其分化.     

三套荧光显微成像系统在光敏剂亚细胞定位研究中的应用比较

目的：对三套荧光显微成像系统在国产新型光敏剂HMME亚细胞定位研究中的应用特点及适用范围进行了比较与评价。方法：分别应用LSCM、CCD、ICCD荧光显微成像系统,选择特异性细胞器荧光探针Rhodamine-123、DIOC6(3)标记细胞内线粒体和内质网。采用细胞器-细胞荧光强度比值法,对HMME进行单细胞内分布的定性与定量研究。结果：LSCM和CCD成像系统能采集到浓度达到160μg／ml时的HMME的荧光图像,获得荧光探针图像信息显示所标记的细胞内线粒体和内质网平均荧光强度比值(J1/J2值)都明显高于细胞内J1/J2值。而ICCD成像系统只需HMME浓度为5μg/ml,荧光图像特点都呈胞浆中荧光强度较高且分布不均,细胞核区荧光较弱的中空现象。ICCD系统对细胞器探针荧光图像在空间分辨上不理想。结论：LSCM与CCD成像系统限于其探测灵敏度,对于弱荧光性光敏剂,适用于其高孵育浓度条件下的亚细胞定位研究。二者获得的结果相一致：孵育24h,HMME在鼠肺内皮细胞线粒体和内质网有分布而几乎不进入细胞核。ICCD成像系统可不受孵育浓度条件的限制,实现光敏剂极微弱荧光的有效探测,但空间分辨率较低。     

光动力过程中线粒体膜电位和细胞存活关系

以1-anilionaphthalene-8-sulfonate(ANS)作荧光探针,通过其荧光光谱研究了苯硫基酞菁锌PcS)、苯硫基铝酞菁(AIPcS)和烷氧基铝酞菁(AIPc)这三种金属酞菁配合物作为光敏剂的光动力作用对癌细胞线粒体膜表面电位的影响．研究表明,光动力作用后线粒体膜表面电位降低,表面电荷数面密度增加．ZnPcS的影响最大,这与酶联免疫检测光动力作用后对癌细胞的杀伤效果相一致,提示细胞线粒体膜可能是金属酞菁配合物在光动力过程中的作用位点。通过比较细胞线粒体膜表面电位以及表面电荷数面密度与细胞存活之间的关系,阐述了光动力作用的物理学机制．同时,由于线粒体膜电位与细胞凋亡的密切关系,金属酞菁配合物对线粒体膜表面电位的影响提供了一个衡量药物疗效的判据。     

青蒿素诱导人白血病细胞K562凋亡的线粒体机制

目的:探讨青蒿素诱导人白血病细胞K562凋亡的线粒体机制.方法:用青蒿素处理K562细胞.通过MTT比色法检别细胞增殖抑制的效果;荧光显微镜观察细胞的凋亡;流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)进行细胞周期分析;Western-blotting测定药物作用前后线粒体、细胞浆细胞色素C的表达.结果:青蒿素抑制K562细胞的增殖,IC5D为1.5× 10-5mol·L-1;Hoechst33342/PI双荧光染色可观察到明显的核浓缩、凝集等细胞凋亡表现;流式细胞仪检测G2期细胞比例增高,S期减少;Western-blotting检测药物处理细胞后线粒体细胞色素C表达水平下调,细胞浆出现明显细胞色素C蛋白条带.结论:青蒿素可能通过线粒体细胞色素C途径诱导K562细胞凋亡.     

钙信号在光动力疗法中的产生及作用

光动力疗法是基于光敏剂选择性地积聚在肿瘤组织中,肿瘤接受光照后凋亡或坏死的一种细胞毒性治疗方法.光敏剂的亚细胞定位决定了细胞光敏损伤的初始位置,线粒体、内质网、细胞膜、溶酶体,细胞骨架等均可成为光敏损伤的靶点.细胞内Ca2 作为一个广泛意义上的信号分子,参与了多种信号转导途径,在光动力疗法诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡过程中起了重要作用.从光动力疗法造成的亚细胞损伤出发,探讨了光动力疗法中钙信号的产生机制,并简要介绍了钙信号在光动力疗法诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡中的作用机制.     

7-Hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Carcinoma and Leukemia Cells Independently of p53

7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) is a more selective protein kinase C inhibitor than staurosporine. UCN-01 exhibits antitumor activity in experimental tumor models and is presently in clinical trials. Our study reveals that human myeloblastic leukemia HL60 and K562 and colon carcinoma HT29 cells undergo internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis after UCN-01 treatment. These three cell lines lack functional p53, and K562 and HT29 cells are usually resistant to apoptosis. DNA fragmentation in HT29 and K562 cells occurred after 1 day of treatment while it took less than 4 h in HL60 cells. Cycloheximide prevented UCN-01-induced DNA fragmentation in HT-29 cells, but not in HL60 and K562 cells, suggesting that macromolecular synthesis is selectively required for apoptotic DNA fragmentation in HT29 cells. UCN-01-induced DNA fragmentation was preceded by activation of cyclin B1/cdc2 kinase. Further studies in HL60 cells showed that UCN-01-induced apoptosis was associated with degradation of CPP32, PARP, and lamin B and that the inhibitor of caspases (ICE/CED-3 cysteine proteases), Z-VAD-FMK, and the serine protease inhibitor, DCI, protected HL60 cells from UCN-01-induced DNA fragmentation. However, only DCI and TPCK, but not Z-VAD-FMK, inhibited DNA fragmentation in the HL60 cell-free system, suggesting that serine protease(s) may play a role in the execution phase of apoptosis in HL60 cells treated with UCN-01. Z-VAD-FMK and DCI also inhibited apoptosis in HT29 cells. These data demonstrate that the protein kinase C inhibitor and antitumor agent, UCN-01 is a potent apoptosis inducer in cell lines that are usually resistant to apoptosis and lack p53 and that caspases and probably serine proteases are activated during UCN-01-induced apoptosis.     

新疆医科大学基础医学院组织胚胎学教研室

目的:观察国人胚胎三叉神经节细胞分化及发育过程。方法:取水囊引产18-36周国人胎儿三叉神经节,HE染色及透射电镜观察。结果:18-20周胎儿三叉神经节神经元排列紧密,胞质少,可见到数量不多的线粒体,且其内几乎看不到嵴,其它细胞器少。25周时,线粒体嵴变长,粗面内质网雏形出现,有纵形小管出现;27周时可观察到成熟的高尔基复合体,32周后,线粒体、粗面内质网等细胞器发育趋于成熟。到33周电镜下可见溶酶体;36周时细胞内各种细胞器结构和功能基本完善。结论:人胚胎三叉神经节细胞发育过程中随胎龄增加,其结构和功能逐步完善,32～36周(8～9月)是细胞的分化发育重要时期。     

Differentiation of Mouse and Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells Induced by an Antitumor Antibiotic,Ascofuranone

Mouse myeloid leukemia cells, M1, were induced to differentiate into phagocytes by treatment with ascofuranone (AF). AF also induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells and human erythroid leukemia K562 cells into granulocytes and erythrocytes, as detected by nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity and benzidine staining, respectively.

The antibiotic enhanced acetate incorporation of K562 cells. The increase was not observed with the cells of HL60 and two human B lymphoma lines, Daudi and Raji. The increase was diminished by the addition of a glycolysis inhibitor, deoxyglucose. Inhibitors of respiration, antimycin and sodium azide, also enhanced acetate incorporation of K562 cells specifically, which was diminished by the addition of deoxyglucose. Furthermore, antimycin induced differentiation of K562 and HL60 cells. These results suggest a possible relationship between cell differentiation and inhibition of respiration.     

Brefeldin A Is a Potent Inducer of Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells Independently of p53

Brefeldin A (BFA) is a natural product that affects the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus and is in development for cancer chemotherapy. We observed that a wide range of cancer cells could undergo DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis after BFA treatment. This DNA fragmentation was induced within 15 h in HL60 leukemia cells and after 48 h in K562 leukemia and HT-29 colon carcinoma cells with BFA concentrations as low as 0.1 μM.The DNA fragmentation had the typical internucleosomal pattern in HL60 and HT-29 cells. Apoptotic cells were also detected by microscopy. BFA-induced apoptosis is p53-independent as HL60 and K562 cells are p53 null and HT-29 are p53 mutant cells. BFA could potentiate UCN-01 and staurosporine-induced DNA fragmentation in HL60 cells. Cyclin B1/Cdc2 kinase activity decreased after BFA treatment in HL60 cells, indicating that BFA-induced DNA fragmentation was independent of a cyclin B1/Cdc2 kinase upregulation pathway. Cycloheximide could not prevent BFA-induced DNA fragmentation in HL60 cells, suggesting that protein synthesis is not needed for HL60 cells to undergo apoptosis. On the contrary, cycloheximide blocked BFA-induced DNA fragmentation in HT-29 cells, indicating that apoptosis in HT-29 cells requires macromolecular synthesis. Cell-free system experiments suggested that cytosolic proteins play an important role in triggering DNA fragmentation during apoptosis induced by BFA. Our results show that transduction signaling pathways play central roles in apoptotic regulation.     

Polyamines, PI(4,5)P2, and actin polymerization

Spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD) activate isolated phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases (PI(4)P5K), enzymes that convert phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). PI(4,5)P2 formation is known to be involved in cellular actin reorganization and motility, functions that are also influenced by polyamines. It has not been proven that endogenous polyamines can control inositol phospholipid metabolism. We evoked large decreases in SPD and putrescine (PUT) contents in HL60 cells, using the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), which resulted in decreases in PI(4,5)P2 content per cell and inositol phosphate formation to 76.9 +/- 3.5% and 81.5 +/- 4.0% of control, respectively. Accurately reversing DFMO-evoked decreases in SPD content by incubating cells with exogenous SPD for 20 min rescued these decreases. DFMO treatment and SPD rescues also changed the ratio of total cellular PI(4,5)P2 to PIP suggesting involvement of a SPD-sensitive PI(4)P5K. PUT and SPM were not involved in DFMO-evoked changes in cellular PI(4,5)P2 contents. In DFMO-treated HL60 cells, the percent of total actin content that was filamentous was decreased to 59.1 +/- 5.8% of that measured in paired control HL60 cells, a finding that was rescued following reversal of DFMO-evoked decreases in SPD and PI(4,5)P2 contents. In slowly proliferating DMSO-differentiated HL60 cells, inositol phospholipid metabolism was uncoupled from SPD control. We conclude: in rapidly proliferating HL60 cells, but not in slowly proliferating differentiated HL60 cells, there are endogenous SPD-sensitive PI(4,5)P2 pools, probably formed via SPD-sensitive PI(4)P5K, that likely control actin polymerization.