化疗联合DC和CIK方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨化疗联合树突状细胞（DC）和细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（ELK）方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法：随机选取2008年10月份．2011年02月份因非小细胞肺癌就诊于我院进行治疗的患者120例,随机分为治疗组60例患者（采用化疗联合树突状细胞（DC）和细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK方案治疗）,对照组60例患者（采用常规化疗）,统计两组患者的治疗效果以及生活质量情况,并对结果进行统计分析。结果：治疗组患者治疗总有效率为68．4％,生活质量提高率为88．4％,明显好于与对照组,经统计分析,P〈0．05,差异存在显著性。结论：化疗联合树突状细胞（DC）和细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）方案治疗非小细胞肺癌能够显著改善患者的生活质量,是治疗非小细胞肺癌的有效方法。     

DC 与CIK细胞治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病的近期临床观察

目的：评估自体DC与CIK 细胞治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病的近期疗效与安全性。方法：给予20 例难治复发急性髓细 胞白血病患者树突状细胞(DC)与细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)治疗,20 例难治复发的应用同样化疗方案的急性髓细胞白血病 患者做为对照组;治疗后4 周观察两组患者临床疗效和生存质量(KPS)评分,DC 与CIK 细胞治疗前和治疗后1 周检测T细胞亚 群(CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3+CD56+)和细胞因子(IL-12、IL-2、IL-7、IFN-酌及TNF-琢)水平的变化。结果：①DC 与CIK 细胞 治疗组有效率和KPS评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),所有患者的不良反应轻微,均可耐受。②DC 与CIK 细胞治疗后1 周,患者T 细胞亚群百分比和细胞因子含量较治疗前均明显升高,其中CD3+、CD3+CD56+及IL-12、IL-7 明显升高(P<0.05)。结论：DC与CIK 细胞免疫治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病安全有效。     

DCs-CIK细胞免疫治疗联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的:探讨树突状细胞(DCs)和细胞因子诱导的杀伤(CIK)细胞免疫治疗联合化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗效果。方法:将我院2012年2月到2014年2月就诊的72例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为对照组(n=36,单纯化疗组)和实验组(n=36,DCs-CIK细胞免疫联合化疗组)。比较两组患者治疗后的疗效、治疗前后免疫功能,并运用Kamofsky(KPS)评分来评估两组患者治疗后生活质量的改善情况。结果:实验组的疾病控制率(DCR)77.78%显著高于对照组的52.78%(P0.05)。治疗后实验组患者外周血CD3+、CD8+及NK细胞所占的比值较治疗前均上升显著(P0.05);治疗后对照组患者外周血CD3+、CD8+及NK细胞所占的比值较治疗前下降显著(P0.05)。治疗后实验组KPS评分提高率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:DCs-CIK细胞免疫联合化疗能够提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的DCR,且显著改善患者的免疫功能和生活质量。     

DC与CIK细胞治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病的近期临床观察

目的：评估自体DC与CIK细胞治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病的近期疗效与安全性。方法：给予20例难治复发急性髓细胞白血病患者树突状细胞（DC）与细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）治疗,20例难治复发的应用同样化疗方案的急性髓细胞白血病患者做为对照组;治疗后4周观察两组患者临床疗效和生存质量（KVS）评分,DC与CIK细胞治疗前和治疗后1周检测T细胞亚群（CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋、CD3＋CD56＋）和细胞因子（IL-12、IL-2、IL-7、IFN-γ及TNF—α）水平的变化。结果：（1）DC与CIK细胞治疗组有效率和KPS评分明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,所有患者的不良反应轻微,均可耐受。（2）DC与CIK细胞治疗后1周,患者T细胞亚群百分比和细胞因子含量较治疗前均明显升高,其中CD3＋、CD3＋CD56＋及IL-12、IL-7明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论：DC与CIK细胞免疫治疗难治复发急性髓细胞白血病安全有效。     

DCIK细胞用于肺癌临床免疫治疗

观察细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK 细胞)和同源树突状细胞(DC)共培养后,共培养细胞树突状细胞调节的细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(DCIK 细胞)体外细胞毒活性,并观察DCIK细胞治疗肺癌的近期临床疗效、免疫学活性及副反应.收录 12例确诊肺癌经标准治疗方案治疗的患者,取外周血分离单个核细胞(PBMC),体外诱导出DC和CIK细胞共培养后,观察DCIK细胞表型,用MTT法测体外细胞毒活性;当效靶比为20∶1、10∶1时,DCIK细胞体外细胞毒活性杀伤率分别为55%、46.2%.所有患者均接受一定剂量的 DCIK细胞过继免疫治疗,观察其近期临床疗效、免疫反应、不良反应.12例患者中完全缓解 1例,部分缓解4例,病情稳定1例,近期有效率为41.6%,疾病控制率为50%,病情进展共6例,其中死亡2例.与DCIK细胞回输前相比,患者CD4 、CD8 、CD56 均有明显的升高(P＜0.05),这表示可以诱导患者产生特异性的免疫反应.除两例患者出现一过性的发热外,其余患者基本无不良反应.DCIK细胞在肺癌免疫治疗中能诱导机体产生特异性的免疫反应,亦是新的杀伤肿瘤细胞的效应细胞,有较好的临床疗效.     

树突状细胞与CIK细胞共培养诱生的DCCIK细胞群对肿瘤的杀伤作用

由树突状细胞(DC)与细胞因子诱导的同源杀伤细胞(CIK)的共培养诱生的细胞群(DCCIK)对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性的研究。DCCIK细胞体外杀伤肿瘤靶细胞A549(MTT法),效靶比为10∶1、5∶1时杀伤率分别为61%、52%。DCCIK细胞诱导培养3周后,效靶比为10∶1、5∶1时杀伤率分别为64%和56%。数据亦表明DCCIK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤优于CIK细胞。动物体内实验分荷瘤A549、BEL7404和A375三组,每组分(A)DCCIK 化疗、(B)单用化疗。治疗20天、35天后测量各组肿瘤消失率。结果显示:DCCIK 化疗的抑瘤效果明显好于单纯化疗。提示DCCIK细胞有临床应用前景。     

树突细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞对急性白血病细胞的体外杀伤作用

目的:研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)与同源树突状细胞(DC)共培养后CIK细胞的表型、增殖活性的变化,及抗急性白血病细胞活性.方法:正常人外周血单个核细胞诱导DC和CIK细胞,将DC与CIK共培养,以CIK细胞单独培养为对照.用台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数,MTT法测定杀伤活性,流式细胞术分析免疫表型.结果:DC-CIK细胞增殖能力明显高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05); DC、CIK细胞共培养后,CD3+ CD8+、CD3+ CD56+双阳性细胞比率较同条件下CIK细胞组显著增多(P＜0.05);在2.5∶1-20∶1的效靶比范围内,DC-CIK共培养物对AML细胞的杀伤率显著高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05),且杀伤率与效靶比呈正相关.结论:DC-CIK细胞的增殖能力、对AML细胞的杀伤活性均高于CIK细胞,为DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗提供了实验和理论依据.     

DC-CIK治疗大肠癌的研究进展

大肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率和死亡率均较高。过继免疫治疗是当今肿瘤治疗的热点,已逐步成为一些肿瘤的首选治疗方法。树突状细胞(DC)是目前已知功能最强大的抗原呈递细胞,具有呈递肿瘤抗原和抵制肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸及刺激T淋巴细胞产生免疫应答的作用。细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)由多种细胞因子诱导而成,具有T淋巴细胞及NK细胞抗肿瘤作用的特点。DC和CIK细胞有效结合可以同时促进DC细胞的增殖和免疫功能及加强CIK细胞的抗肿瘤作用。本文就近年来国内外应用DC-CIK治疗大肠癌的研究进展进行综述。     

DC-CIK细胞的生物学活性及体外抗血液肿瘤研究

目的:研究细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)与树突状细胞(DC)共培养后的体外增殖能力、免疫表型变化、分泌细胞因子水平以及对K562、K562/ADM细胞毒作用的影响.方法:正常人外周血单个核细胞诱导DC和CIK细胞,将DC与CIK共培养,以CIK细胞单独培养为对照.用台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数,MTT法测定杀伤活性,流式细胞术分析免疫表型,ELISA双抗体夹心法检测分泌干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)的水平.结果:DC-CIK细胞增殖能力明显高于CIK细胞(P＜0.05);DC、CIK细胞共培养后,CD3+ CD8+、CD3+ CD56+双阳性细胞比率较同条件下CIK细胞组显著增多(P＜0.05);共培养3d,DC-CIK细胞上清液中IL-12、INF-7的分泌量均比CIK细胞单独培养的分泌量高(P＜0.01,P＜ 0.05);在2.5∶1-20∶1的效靶比范围内,DC-CIK共培养物对K562和K562/ADM的杀伤活性均高于单纯CIK细胞组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),且杀伤率与效靶比呈正相关.结论:DC-CIK细胞的增殖能力、分泌细胞因子水平、对K562和K562/ADM的杀伤活性均高于CIK细胞,为DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗提供了实验和理论依据.     

过继免疫治疗中DC-CIK的研究进展

目前,免疫细胞生物学和免疫分子生物学发展迅猛,由于其具备低毒性和高效率的特性,肿瘤免疫治疗在恶性肿瘤治疗中所起的作用引起了学者们的广泛关注,其中细胞介导的过继免疫治疗为当前研究的热点之一。过继免疫治疗(adoptive cellular immunotherapy,ACI)是目前恶性肿瘤治疗的新方向,它通过向细胞免疫功能低下者回输具有抗肿瘤活性的免疫细胞,直接杀伤或间接杀伤肿瘤细胞,使其获得抗肿瘤免疫力。树突状细胞(Dendritic cell DC)是专职抗原递呈细胞(antigen presenting cell APC)之一,在机体免疫应答的启始、调节、维持中发挥核心作用。细胞因子诱导的杀伤(cytokine induced killer CIK)细胞具有高效的MHC非限制性溶瘤活性,具有极其广泛的杀瘤范围。近年来,国内外大量研究表明,联合培养的DC-CIK抗肿瘤活性提升明显,患者预后生存期延长,效果显著。本文就DC与CIK生物学特点及抗肿瘤作用予以简要综述。     

体细胞重编程逆转为干细胞的研究进展

目前细胞和发育生物学上的研究成果为生物医学研究提供了广泛的前景.将完全分化的细胞重编程,不经过胚胎逆转为多能干细胞状态,这点燃了再生医学应用的新希望,这一成果从法律、道德、伦理等不同方面被人们所接受.通过体细胞克隆胚胎获得干细胞所面临的破坏胚胎的伦理限制,促使研究者去寻求将分化细胞重编程逆转为干细胞的新方法.主要论述了体细胞重编程的原理、过程及不经过胚胎逆转为多能干细胞的方法.     

Dermal mesenchymal stem cells promoted adhesion and migration of endothelial cells by integrin in psoriasis

The unusual dilatation of dermal capillaries and angiogenesis played important roles in psoriasis. Some genes and proteins of dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) from psoriasis are abnormal and related to the function of endothelial cells (ECs). The present study was aimed to evaluate whether psoriatic DMSCs could affect adhesion and migration of ECs through neovascularization-related integrins in psoriasis. Human DMSCs, collected from psoriasis lesions and healthy skin, respectively, were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression levels of three integrins, that is, αvβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1 in HUVECs were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The adhesion and migration of HUVECs were detected by adhesion assay and migration assay. The results showed that in psoriasis group, the expression of αVβ3 and α5β1 of HUVECs markedly increased 2.50- and 3.71-fold in messenger RNA levels, and significantly increased 1.63- and 1.92-fold in protein levels, comparing to healthy control group (all p < .05). But β5 was not significantly different between the two groups (p > .05). In addition, compared with control, psoriatic DMSCs promoted HUVECs adhesion by 1.62-fold and migration by 2.91-fold (all p < .05). In conclusion, psoriatic DMSCs impact HUVECs adhesion and migration by upregulating the expression of integrins αVβ3 and α5β1.     

The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by mechanical stress or/and co-culture system

Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cells is regulated by many factors. Mechanical stress affects the healing and remodeling process of ACL after surgery in important ways. Besides, co-culture system had also showed the promise to induce MSCs toward different kinds of cells on current research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gene expression of ACL cells' major extracellular matrix (ECM) component molecules of MSCs under three induction groups. In addition, to follow our previous study, cell electrophoresis technique and mRNA level gene expression of MSC protein were also used to analyze the differentiation of MSCs. The results reveal that specific regulatory signals which released from ACL cells appear to be responsible for supporting the selective differentiation toward ligament cells in co-culture system and mechanical stress promotes the secretion of key ligament ECM components. Therefore, the combined regulation could assist the development of healing and remolding of ACL tissue engineering. Furthermore, this study also verifies that cell electrophoresis could be used in investigation of cell differentiation. Importantly, analysis of the data suggests the feasibility of utilizing MSCs in clinical applications for repairing or regenerating ACL tissue.     

mESC衍生内皮祖细胞定向分化为血管内皮细胞促伤口愈合

缺血性功能障碍是重要的全球健康问题。血管内皮细胞 (vascular endothelial cell, VEC) 在血管生成和创面修复中发挥关键作用,血管重建不足可导致慢性不愈合伤口。因此,了解有效的血管内皮细胞生成策略有助于受损组织中的血管再生。胚胎干细胞 (embryonic stem cell, ESC) 在组织的内皮化研究中应用广泛。内皮祖细胞 (endothelial progenitor cell, EPC) 是血管内皮细胞发育中不可或缺的部分。本研究目的在于找到一种小鼠胚胎干细胞 (mouse embryonic stem cell, mESC) 衍生为内皮祖细胞的快速、易筛选且高重复性的方法,并从内皮祖细胞定向分化中获得存活率高和功能性好的血管内皮细胞。结果表明,胚胎干细胞通过10 ng/mL VEGF和5 ng/mL bFGF定向诱导分化为增殖能力强的“铺路石”样祖细胞。同时,差异贴壁法有助于EPC的筛选。而EPC可诱导3 d的祖细胞高表达CD133和CD34(相对表达量分别为0.88 ± 0.04和2.12 ± 0.02);采用acctuse酶消化祖细胞,并在50 ng/mL VEGF和25 ng/mL bFGF的条件下诱导7 d分化为血管内皮样细胞,该细胞不仅高表达内皮细胞标志基因CD31、CD144、LAMA5、Tek、KDR和vWF,高表达标志蛋白CD31、CD144、LAMA5(相对表达量分别为1.07 ± 0.03、0.60 ± 0.02和0.70 ± 0.02),而且具有良好的迁移、成管和Weibel Palade (W-P) 小体形成能力。随后,将PBS、EPC和VEC分别应用于大小相同的创面治疗,EPC和VEC均能加快组织愈合程度(相对愈合率分别为78.93 ± 75.35%、95.57 ± 83.73%和100.00 ± 0.00%),VEC明显增强了伤口的血管生成能力和炎症反应。该研究初步证实,mESC衍生的EPC定向诱导7 d后可分化为血管内皮细胞。此内皮细胞具有较好的组织修复功能,干细胞促进血管生成的生理途径有望成为组织重塑的新靶点。     

Transfer cells and solute uptake in minor veins of Pisum sativum leaves

Morphometric and physiological studies were conducted to determine whether the wall ingrowths of transfer cells in the minor-vein phloem of Pisum sativum L. leaves increase the capacity of the cells for solute influx. Size and number of wall ingrowths are positively correlated to the photon flux density (PFD) at which the plants are grown. An analysis of plasmodesmatal frequencies indicated that numerous plasmodesmata are present at all interfaces except those between the sieveelement-transfer-cell complex (SE-TCC) and surrounding cells where plasmodesmata are present but few in number. Flux of exogenous sucrose into the SE-TCC was estimated from kinetic profiles of net sucrose influx into leaf discs, quantitative autoradiography, and measurements of sucrose translocation. Flux based both on the saturable (carrier-mediated) and the linear components of influx was 47% greater in leaves of plants grown at high PFD (1000 mol·m^–2·s^–1) than those grown in low PFD (200 mol·m^–2·s^–1) and was paralleled by a 47% increase in SE-TCC plasmalemma surface area. Flux of endogenous photosynthate across the SE-TCC plasmalemma was calculated from carbon balance and morphometric data. The increase in flux in high-light leaves over that in low-light leaves can be explained on the basis of an increase in plasmalemma surface area. In intact leaves, a standing osmotic gradient may facilitate transport of solute into transfer cells with extensive wall elaborations.Abbreviations LPI leaf plastochron index - PCMBS p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid - PFD(s) photon flux density (densities) - SE-TCC sieve-element-transfer-cell complex This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant DCB-9104159, U.S. Department of Agriculture Competitive Grant 90000854, and Hatch funds.     

Endothelial and cancer cells interact with mesenchymal stem cells via both microparticles and secreted factors

Tightly associated with blood vessels in their perivascular niche, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) closely interact with endothelial cells (ECs). MSCs also home to tumours and interact with cancer cells (CCs). Microparticles (MPs) are cell‐derived vesicles released into the extracellular environment along with secreted factors. MPs are capable of intercellular signalling and, as biomolecular shuttles, transfer proteins and RNA from one cell to another. Here, we characterize interactions among ECs, CCs and MSCs via MPs and secreted factors in vitro. MPs and non‐MP secreted factors (Sup) were isolated from serum‐free medium conditioned by human microvascular ECs (HMEC‐1) or by the CC line HT1080. Fluorescently labelled MPs were prepared from cells treated with membrane dyes, and cytosolic GFP‐containing MPs were isolated from cells transduced with CMV‐GFP lentivirus. MSCs were treated with MPs, Sup, or vehicle controls, and analysed for MP uptake, proliferation, migration, activation of intracellular signalling pathways and cytokine release. Fluorescently labelled MPs fused with MSCs, transferring the fluorescent dyes to the MSC surface. GFP was transferred to and retained in MSCs incubated with GFP‐MPs, but not free GFP. Thus, only MP‐associated cellular proteins were taken up and retained by MSCs, suggesting that MP biomolecules, but not secreted factors, are shuttled to MSCs. MP and Sup treatment significantly increased MSC proliferation, migration, and MMP‐1, MMP‐3, CCL‐2/MCP‐1 and IL‐6 secretion compared with vehicle controls. MSCs treated with Sup and MPs also exhibited activated NF‐κB signalling. Taken together, these results suggest that MPs act to regulate MSC functions through several mechanisms.     

Gene regulatory networks in embryonic stem cells and brain development

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are endowed with the ability to generate multiple cell lineages and carry great therapeutic potentials in regenerative medicine. Future application of ESCs in human health and diseases will embark on the delineation of molecular mechanisms that define the biology of ESCs. Here, we discuss how the finite ESC components mediate the intriguing task of brain development and exhibit biomedical potentials to cure diverse neurological disorders. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:182–191, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

胸腺髓质上皮细胞干细胞对胸腺发育的影响

来源于胸腺双能祖细胞的胸腺髓质上皮细胞干细胞(medullary thymic epithelial cell stem cells, mTECSCs),在胸腺发育过程中的胚胎早期阶段既可能发生分化,又可能在胎儿出生后维持胸腺髓质上皮细胞(medullary thymic epithelial cells, mTECs)的再生,充分发挥组织干细胞的功能,确保终身外周血中央型记忆T细胞自身耐受。mTECSCs对胸腺的发育起着重要的作用和影响,得到很多学者的关注。现就mTECSCs对胸腺功能、生理性退化及胸腺衰老和免疫稳态等发育过程中的作用和影响作一概述,并探讨其在胸腺相关疾病治疗方面的潜在价值。