循证护理在预防老年骨折术后患者便秘中的应用

目的：探讨循证护理（EBN）在预防老年骨折术后便秘中的应用效果。方法：将102例住院治疗的老年骨折患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组应用循证护理的方法及步骤进行护理：找出急需解决的护理问题,在查阅文献的基础上,结合相关调查,找出与老年骨折术后便秘的相关因素,最后在循证支持的基础上,将所获得的实证与临床专业知识和既往经验、患者需求相结合,制定出个性化的护理计划,并实施护理计划。比较两组患者术后便秘的发生率和住院时间等情况。结果：观察组术后便秘的发生率明显低于对照组,且住院时间比对照组明显缩短,两组间比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：循证护理不仅预防和减少了老年骨折患者的术后便秘,而且提高了护理质量,激发了护士对学习、科研、工作的兴趣。     

预见性护理在老年患者下肢骨折术后的应用

目的 探讨预见性护理在老年患者下肢骨折术后的临床价值。方法 选取2021年1～11月在我院行内固定手术治疗的160例下肢骨折老年患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各80例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组给予预见性护理干预,比较两组患者干预后的并发症发生率及护理满意度情况。结果 观察组患者的深静脉血栓形成、肺部感染、术后谵妄、心力衰竭、压疮、便秘的发生率均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组的护理满意度为98.75%,对照组为88.75%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 老年下肢骨折术后实施预见性护理干预能有效降低常见并发症的发生率,促进患者康复,提高护理满意度。     

围术期综合护理干预对老年骨折术后感染的预防作用

目的探讨围术期综合护理干预在老年骨折术后感染的预防作用。方法选取我院外科老年骨折手术患者148例,随机分为对照组和观察组各74例,对照组采用常规护理措施,观察组在对照组基础上给予围术期综合护理干预,比较两组术后感染率及护理满意度情况。结果观察组肺部感染率与尿路感染率明显低于对照组(P0.05),护理满意度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论围术期综合护理干预对老年骨折术后感染的预防作用显著,同时提高了护理质量,值得临床推广应用。     

中西医结合护理对老年骨折患者疼痛及便秘的影响

目的观察中西医结合护理对老年骨折患者疼痛及便秘的影响。方法选取我院收治的老年骨折患者83例,按数字随机法将患者分为观察组和对照组,对照组采取西医常规护理,观察组在此基础上联合采用中医护理,比较两组老年患者疼痛及便秘的情况。结果观察组便秘发生率为9.52%,明显低于对照组的36.59%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者入院第1、2周及出院时疼痛评分明显降低,与入院时比较差异具有显著性(P0.05);而且观察组入院第1、2周疼痛评分降低幅度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中西医结合护理在不同程度上减轻了老年骨折患者的疼痛,减少或消除便秘的效果优于一般护理。     

人性化舒适护理措施在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的应用

目的:探讨人性化舒适护理措施在老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的护理效果。方法:将102例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的老年患者随机分为观察组和对照组各51例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础上加用人性化的舒适护理措施,比较两组患者术后排气时间、下床活动时间及住院天数的差异,比较两组患者护理满意度。结果;观察组患者下床排气时间、下床活动时间及住院天数均显著低于对照组患者(P0.05),患者对护理满意度显著高于对照组患者(P0.05)。结论:人性化舒适护理措施可促进老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后排气,缩短患者术后恢复时间,提高患者护理满意度,临床护理效果十分显著。     

脊柱骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的干预措施

目的:分析综合护理干预对脊柱骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防效果。方法:将120例脊柱骨折患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组进行综合护理干预,比较不同干预措施对患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防效果。结果:观察组DVT发生率为3.33%,对照组为18.33%,观察组干预效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:综合护理干预可有效降低脊柱骨折患者术后DVT的形成,对临床具有指导意义。     

循证医学在预防肛肠手术后排尿障碍中的应用效果分析

目的探讨循证护理在预防肛肠术后排尿障碍中的应用效果。方法选取2013年4月~2015年4月我院收治行肛肠手术患者86例,按护理措施不同分为对照组42例和观察组44例,对照组42例患者实施常规临床护理,观察组给予循证护理干预,观察两组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气及排便时间、住院时间及排尿障碍改善情况。结果实施循证护理干预后,观察组的肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气及排便时间、住院时间均优于对照组(P0.05),而且治疗后排尿障碍恢复有效率优于对照组(P0.05)。结论循证医学护理在肛肠术后患者的应用效果显著,能缩短治疗时间,提高治疗的有效性,值得临床推广应用。     

跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效。方法:选取2016年10月到2017年6月期间川北医学院附属医院收治的86例跟骨骨折患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,两组均为43例。对照组采用外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定进行治疗,观察组采用跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定进行治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、踝-后足功能优良率、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、B?hler角、Gissane角和术后并发症发生率。结果:两组患者的手术时间和骨折愈合时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),而观察组患者的住院时间短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后踝-后足功能优良率高于对照组(P0.05)。在术前和术后12个月时,两组患者的VAS评分、Gissane角、B?hler角比较无统计学差异(P0.05),术后12个月时两组患者的VAS评分均明显低于术前,B?hler角及Gissane角明显高于术前(P0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:跗骨窦入路和外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定均可有效治疗跟骨骨折,但跗骨窦入路可更有效地改善踝-后足功能,且住院时间短、术后并发症发生率更低。     

循证护理预防骨折患者坠积性肺炎发生的效果观察

目的:研究分析骨折患者采用循证护理预防坠积性肺炎发生的临床效果。方法:选取我院2014年11月-2015年11月收治的88例骨折患者按照患者入院就诊对象随机分为实验组(在传统常规护理基础上配合循证护理干预措施)和对照组(仅仅采用常规护理干预措施),对比分析两组患者坠积性肺炎的发生率。结果:循实验组患者中有1例发生坠积性肺炎,对照组患者中有6例发生坠积性肺炎,实验组患者坠积性肺炎发生率(2.3%)明显低于对照组(13.6%),两组差异对比存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:骨折患者采用循证护理干预措施对于预防坠积性肺炎的发生具有良好的预防效果,有利于患者尽早康复。     

快速康复外科在老年结肠癌围手术期护理中的应用

目的:探讨快速康复外科(fast-track surgery,FTS)在老年结肠癌围手术期护理中应用的临床效果。方法:将92例年龄大于65岁的结肠癌患者随机分为FTS组与对照组,分别给予FTS护理措施和传统护理措施,比较2组患者术后恢复情况、营养状况、并发症发生情况等。结果:与传统护理措施相比较,FTS护理组术后患者胃肠道功能恢复时间明显缩短,术后营养状况恢复较快,术后并发症发生率明显降低。FTS护理组老年患者的住院时间和住院费用均较对照组显著降低。结论:FTS应用于老年患者结肠癌围手术期的护理是安全、有效的。其加快了老年患者的术后康复、减轻了患者的痛苦,降低术后并发症的发生,值得推广应用。     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

实物模型在新课程生物中的应用

在实施素质教育的今天,实物模型是新课程生物学教学中极重要的教学工具。因为它能调动学生学习积极性,引导学生主动参与教学活动,对培养学生的学习兴趣和实践能力提高有重要的意义。     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

On the role of the pineal in thermoregulation in the pigeon

Diurnal rhythm in body temperature of pigeons subjected to different experimental conditions (pinealectomized, sham-operated, melatonin-implanted, cold-exposed) was studied under a 12 h light and 12 h dark regimen. The body temperature of pigeons during photophase was higher than that during scotophase in the normal as well as every treatment group studied. Pinealectomized pigeons showed higher body temperature in the photophase as well as scotophase, than that of the normal and sham-operated birds when examined 2 or 3 weeks following the post-surgical acclimatization to 25 or 3 degrees C. However, subcutaneous implantation of melatonin pellets into pinealectomized pigeons nullified or even reversed the hyperthermic effect of pinealectomy. Exposure of pigeons to--18 degrees C for 280 min during photophase as well as scotophase, produced a marked drop in body temperature in pinealectomized, sham-operated and normal pigeons. The pinealectomized pigeons exhibited a higher body temperature than that of the sham-operated and normal ones when exposed to--18 degrees C during the photophase, but not during the scotophase. It was concluded that while the pineal is not necessary for maintaining the daily thermal rhythm in the avian body, it has a thermoregulatory role, in that it prevents rise in body temperature in warm (25 degrees C) acclimatized and chronic cold (3 degrees C) exposed birds. In acute short-term cold (--18 degrees C) exposure however, the temperature regulatory role of the pineal was not effective during the scotophase.     

Diapause termination in the olive psyllid Euphyllura phillyreae, in the field and in the laboratory

Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster (Homoptera: Aphalaridae) which infests olive trees in Greece, is monovoltine and has an aestival-autumnal-hibernal reproductive dormancy as an adult which starts in June. Adult females collected periodically from June through February were maintained for 4 weeks at 12L:12D and 20° L:18° D, then the stage of ovarian development was recorded.In the field, diapause was terminated between mid December and early January. Subsequently, the insects remain in reproductive quiescence until February or early March when environmental conditions allow ovarian development and reproduction.In females collected in June, summerlike laboratory conditions, followed by winterlike, and then by springlike conditions were effective for diapause termination. Springlike conditions alone, or preceded by only summerlike or only by winterlike conditions were not effective. In females collected in August the requirement for summerlike conditions was much less or nil.

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Résumé Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster qui s'attaque sur l'olivier en Grèce, est une espèce oligophage, monovoltine, qui a une dormance reproductive aestivo-autumno-hivernale au stade adulte, qui commence en juin.Des femelles adultes ont été ramassées par les arbres périodiquement de juin au février et maintenues pendant 4 semaines à 12L:12D et 20° L:18° D. Après cette période, le stade du développement des ovaires a été le critère de la termination de leur diapause. La diapause fut considéré comme terminée quand au moins 50% des femelles avaient leurs ovaires au stade III ou même plus avancées.La diapause fut terminé entre mi-decembre et début janvier. En suite, les insectes restent à une quiescence reproductive jusqu'au février ou début de mars, lorsque les conditions environmentales permettent le développement des ovaires et la reproduction.Des femelles ramassées en juin et en août ont été soumises à certaines conditions de photopériode et de temperature en laboratoire, pour faire terminer leur diapause. Pour celles ramassées en juin, qui étaient au commencement de leur diapause, des conditions semblables à l'été, suivies par des conditions semblables à l'hiver et puis par des conditions semblables au printemps furent effectives pour la termination de la diapause. Seules des conditions semblables au printemps, ou précédées par des conditions semblables seulement à l'été, ou seulement à l'hiver, ne furent pas effectives. Pour les femelles ramassées en août, le besoin pour des conditions semblables à l'été fut beaucoup moin ou nul.