PDGF—D和VEGF在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及其意义

目的：检测宫颈鳞癌组织中血小板源性生长因子D（PDGF—D）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达,探讨二者在宫颈癌变过程中的作用及意义,为探讨宫颈鳞癌的发病机制和宫颈鳞癌的早期治疗提供理论依据。方法：采用免疫组织化学（sP法）检测40例宫颈鳞癌和10例正常宫颈组织中PDGF—D和VEGF蛋白的表达,分析两者之间的相关性及其与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果：宫颈鳞癌组织中PDGF—D和VEGF蛋白的表达显著高于正常宫颈组织（P〈0．05）;PDGF—D和VEGF的表达与宫颈鳞癌的分化程度及淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）;与年龄及临床分期无关（P〉0．05）。Spearman相关分析发现PDGF—D与VEGF表达程度呈正相关（r=0．346,P〈0．05）。结论：1．PDGF—D和VEGF在宫颈鳞癌组织中特异性高表达,可能在宫颈鳞癌的发生、发展与转移中起着重要作用。2．PDGF-D和VEGF表达与宫颈鳞癌的分化程度及淋巴结转移有关,与年龄及临床分期无关,提示它们可能在宫颈鳞癌的浸润和转移及预后方面有重要的监测意义。3．PDGF-D和VEGF在宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达呈正相关,提示两者起着相互促进的作用,对PDGF—D和VEGF的联合检查,为临床实际应用提供了参考。     

HIF-2α、VEGF在子宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测宫颈鳞癌组织及正常宫颈组织中HIF-2α、VEGF基因与蛋白的表达情况,探讨其在子宫颈鳞癌的临床意义。方法随机选取64例子宫颈鳞癌组织和22例正常宫颈组织,收集年龄、FIGO分期和淋巴结转移等临床相关指标,采用实时荧光定量PCR法及免疫组织化学法(Elivision法)检测各组织中HIF-2α、VEGF的表达。结果实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明HIF-2α、VEGF mRNA表达较正常宫颈组织显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且二者mRNA水平呈正相关(r=0.778,P0.001)。免疫组织化学法结果表明HIF-2α、VEGF蛋白在宫颈组织中的阳性表达率分别为宫颈鳞癌组93.8%、正常宫颈组18.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义,且HIF-2α与VEGF呈显著相关(r=0.514,P0.05)。HIF-2α、VEGF的mRNA表达均与年龄无关,但与FIGO分期、淋巴结转移关系密切(P0.05),FIGO分期高、有淋巴结转移的子宫颈癌组织HIF-2α、VEGFmRNA表达水平均相应对照组升高。结论与正常宫颈组织相比,HIF-2α、VEGF mRNA和蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中均呈高表达。     

食管鳞状细胞癌中HDGF、VEGF表达与微血管形成的关系

目的:研究食管鳞状细胞癌中肝癌衍生生长因子(HDGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及其与微血管形成的关系。方法:通过免疫组化SABC法检测和比较68例食管鳞癌、20例切缘正常组织中HDGF、VEGF的表达和CD34标记的微血管密度(MVD),分析HDGF和VEGF表达之间的关系及其与食管鳞癌患者临床病理因素和食管癌组织MVD值的关系。结果:食管鳞癌组织中HDGF(63.2%)和VEGF(72.1%)的阳性表达率均明显高于切缘正常粘膜组织(15.0%、20.0%)(P0.05),食管鳞癌组织和切缘正常粘膜组织中的MVD值分别为35.48±5.75和13.50±2.1(P0.05)。食管鳞癌组织HDGF的阳性表达率仅与其临床分期明显相关(P0.05),而VEGF的阳性表达率与其淋巴结转移、临床分期均显著相关(P0.05),二者在食管鳞癌组织中的表达呈显著正相关(P0.05)。食管鳞癌组织中HDGF、VEGF阳性表达组MVD值均明显高于HDGF、VEGF阴性表达组(P0.05)。结论:HDGF可能通过诱导VEGF的产生,从而促进血管生成,参与食管鳞癌的发生、发展及转移。     

Survivin、bFGF、VEGF在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系研究

目的:研究存活素(Survivin)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:选择2015年1月-2017年12月期间武汉大学人民医院收治的宫颈癌患者95例为宫颈癌组,宫颈上皮内瘤变患者70例为宫颈上皮内瘤变组,取同期在我院进行治疗的宫颈炎患者50例纳入对照组。采集三组患者的宫颈组织标本,采用免疫组化SP法对各组织标本中的Survivin、bFGF、VEGF的阳性率、表达水平进行检测,并分析Survivin、bFGF、VEGF与宫颈癌临床病理特征的关系以及各指标表达水平的相关性。结果:宫颈癌组、宫颈上皮内瘤变组的Survivin、bFGF、VEGF的阳性表达率、表达水平均高于对照组,且宫颈癌组高于宫颈上皮内瘤变组(P0.05)。Survivin、bFGF、VEGF的表达与宫颈癌患者的年龄、病理类型、分化程度无关(P0.05),而与宫颈癌肿瘤的分期、淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,Survivin、bFGF、VEGF三者间的表达水平两两呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:Survivin、bFGF、VEGF的表达水平与宫颈癌的发生、发展有密切关联,并且三种指标间呈明显的正相关性,可能对于宫颈癌肿瘤组织的浸润、转移、分期发挥协同作用。     

乳腺导管原位癌和浸润性导管癌中MMP-7、VEGF及E-cad的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)和浸润性导管癌(IDC)中基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及钙黏附素E(E-cad)的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2012年1月-2017年8月期间鄂东医疗集团黄石市中心医院乳甲外科的DCIS石蜡包埋标本(DCIS组)59例,IDC石蜡包埋标本(IDC组)32例,另选取同时期正常乳腺组织标本20例为对照组,检测各组MMP-7、VEGF及E-cad的表达情况,并分析MMP-7、VEGF及E-cad的阳性表达率与DCIS、IDC患者临床病理特征的关系,采用Pearson相关性分析MMP-7、VEGF与E-cad之间的相关性。结果:DCIS组、IDC组的MMP-7、VEGF阳性表达率高于对照组,E-cad的强阳性表达率低于对照组(P0.05),DCIS组与IDC组之间的MMP-7、VEGF、E-cad阳性表达率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-7、VEGF及E-cad的阳性表达率均与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小无关(P0.05),临床分期为Ⅱ-Ⅲ期、中/低分化程度、有淋巴结转移患者的MMP-7、VEGF的阳性表达率高于临床分期为Ⅰ期、高分化程度、无淋巴结转移患者(P0.05),中/低分化程度、有淋巴结转移患者的E-cad的阳性表达率低于高分化程度、无淋巴结转移患者(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,MMP-7与VEGF存在正相关关系(r=0.362,P=0.038),MMP-7、VEGF均与E-cad无显著相关性(r=0.071、0.024,P=0.057、0.089)。结论:DCIS和IDC中MMP-7、VEGF表达较高,E-cad表达较低,且与患者临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关,临床上可以通过检查MMP-7、VEGF、E-cad的表达来评估乳腺癌的发生及发展。     

TGF-beta2 和TGFbetaRⅡ在外阴鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨外阴鳞癌(VSCC)中转化生长因子-beta2(TGF-beta2)和转化生长因子受体betaRⅡ(TGFbetaRⅡ)蛋白的表达及其临床病理 意义。方法：收集30 例外阴鳞癌及10 例外阴整形时切下的外阴正常皮肤组织。所有组织来自2012 年1 月至2015 年10 月在我 院妇科行手术治疗的患者。采用免疫组化方法检测TGF-beta2及TGFbetaRⅡ蛋白的表达。结果：外阴鳞癌组织中TGF-茁2 的阳性表达 率显著高于正常外阴组织(90%vs 20 %)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，TGF-beta2 的表达与肿瘤分化程度、FIGO分期无关(P>0.05)， 但与淋巴结是否转移显著相关(P<0.05)。外阴鳞癌组织中TGFbetaRⅡ的阳性表达低于正常外阴组织(13.33%vs 70 %)，差异有统计 学意义(P<0.05)，TGFbetaRⅡ的表达与肿瘤分化程度、FIGO 分期和淋巴结是否转移均无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论：TGF-beta2 的表达 上调与外阴鳞癌的发生及其淋巴结转移有关，可能是VSCC 的治疗靶点。TGFbetaRⅡ的表达下调可能参与了外阴鳞癌的发生。     

胆管癌组织白介素-6、环氧合酶-2和血管内皮生长因子的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨胆管癌组织白介素-6(IL-6)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及临床意义。方法:将手术切除并经病理诊断确诊的胆管癌石蜡包埋标本80例纳为胆管癌组,另取癌旁正常胆管组织作为对照组,采用免疫组织化学SP法检测两组组织中IL-6、COX-2、VEGF的表达情况并做比较,分析胆管癌组织中VEGF、COX-2、IL-6阳性表达与临床病理特征关系,采用Spearman等级相关分析胆管癌组织中VEGF、COX-2、IL-6表达的相关性。结果:胆管癌组的VEGF、COX-2、IL-6阳性表达率均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。胆管癌组织中VEGF、COX-2、IL-6阳性表达率与有无淋巴结转移、TNM分期、分化程度有关(P0.05),而与性别、年龄、肿瘤直径无关(P0.05),其中有淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、低分化程度的胆管癌患者的VEGF、COX-2、IL-6阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、中高分化程度的胆管癌患者(P0.05)。Spearman等级相关分析显示,胆管癌组织中VEGF与COX-2、IL-6呈正相关(P0.05),COX-2与IL-6也呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:胆管癌组织IL-6、COX-2、VEGF均呈现高表达,并与胆管癌的生长、转移密切相关,检测IL-6、COX-2和VEGF有助于判断胆管癌疾病进展。     

结直肠癌组织BCL9和VEGF的表达与临床意义

探讨结直肠癌中B细胞淋巴瘤因子9(B-cell lymphoma 9,BCL9)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达与临床病理的关系及其临床意义.采用免疫组织化学SABC染色法,检测83例结直肠癌组织和10例癌旁正常组织中BCL9及VEGF蛋白的表达情况,并且分析其与临床病理特征的关系.BCL9和VEGF在癌组织中表达率分别为67.47%(56/83)和69.88%(58/83),而癌旁正常组织中均不表达.BCL9在结直肠癌中的表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度、Dukes分期、有无淋巴结转移相关(P0.05).VEGF在结直肠癌中的表达与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度无关,而与肿瘤Dukes分期、有无淋巴结转移密切相关(P0.01).结直肠癌中VEGF的表达随BCL9表达的升高而升高(P0.01).BCL9、VEGF可能在结肠癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用.BCL9可能通过上调VEGF的表达,促进肿瘤浸润和转移.     

缺氧诱导因子1 α、血管内皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子在胰腺癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究胰腺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子la|pha(Hypoxia-inducible factor-laipha,HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor,FGF)的表达并探讨其意义.方法:Western blot法检测22例胰腺癌及癌旁组织中HIF-1α、VEGF和FGF蛋白的表达,分析HIF-1α与VEGF、FGF之间的相关性以及与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移和TNM分期之间的关系.结果:HIF-1α、VEGF和FGF在胰腺癌组织中的蛋白表达水平明显高于胰腺癌周组织(P＜0.01),HIF-1α与VEGF、FGF之间的表达具有显著相关性(P＜0.01).HIF-1α的表达与胰腺癌的TNM分期、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.01),VEGF和FGF的表达与胰腺癌的肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05).结论:HIF-1α可以上调VEGF和FGF的表达,在胰腺癌的发生、发展中起着重要作用.     

TGF-β2和TGFβRⅡ在外阴鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨外阴鳞癌(VSCC)中转化生长因子-β2(TGF-β2)和转化生长因子受体βRⅡ(TGFβRⅡ)蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:收集30例外阴鳞癌及10例外阴整形时切下的外阴正常皮肤组织。所有组织来自2012年1月至2015年10月在我院妇科行手术治疗的患者。采用免疫组化方法检测TGF-β2及TGFβRⅡ蛋白的表达。结果:外阴鳞癌组织中TGF-β2的阳性表达率显著高于正常外阴组织(90%vs 20%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05),TGF-β2的表达与肿瘤分化程度、FIGO分期无关(P0.05),但与淋巴结是否转移显著相关(P0.05)。外阴鳞癌组织中TGFβRⅡ的阳性表达低于正常外阴组织(13.33%vs 70%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05),TGFβRⅡ的表达与肿瘤分化程度、FIGO分期和淋巴结是否转移均无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:TGF-β2的表达上调与外阴鳞癌的发生及其淋巴结转移有关,可能是VSCC的治疗靶点。TGFβRⅡ的表达下调可能参与了外阴鳞癌的发生。     

Model analysis of difference between EGF pathway and FGF pathway

The difference in time course of Ras and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade by different growth factors is considered to be the cause of different cellular responses. We have developed the computer simulation of Ras-MAPK signal transduction pathway containing newly identified negative feedback system, Sprouty, and adaptor molecules. Unexpectedly, negative feedback system did not profoundly affect time course of MAPK activation. We propose the key role of fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) in NGF/FGF pathway for sustained MAPK activation. More Grb2-SOS complexes were recruited to the plasma membrane by binding to membrane-bound FRS2 in FGF pathway than in EGF pathway and caused sustained activation of ERK. The EGF pathway with high concentration of EGF receptor also induced sustained MAPK activation, which is consistent with the results in the PC12 cell overexpressing the EGF receptors. The simulated time courses of FRS2 knock-out cells were consistent with those of the reported experimental results.     

Production and reception of growth factors in placenta during physiological pregnancy and the pregnancy, complicated with gestosis

30 women with physiological pregnancy and 28 women with gestosis were examined. The content of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors were studied in the early chorion obtained after abortion and in the full-term placenta using the ELISA method. The process of normal gestation was characterized by the increase of the placental production both of the EGF and VEGF. During the pregnancy complicated with gestosis and miscarriage in the first trimester the content of EGF and its receptor was lower compared to the physiological values. For VEGF and its receptor opposite changes were found: the increase of quantity of the growth factor and the decrease of its receptor. In the case of gestosis and term of pregnancy the content of the both growth factors and their receptors was lower than in corresponding controls. The changes in production of the angiogenic growth factors and their receptors in the placenta may have the pathogenic importance in the development of gestosis.     

血管内皮细胞生长因子及其相关蛋白的结构与功能

血管内皮细胞生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）是在胚胎发生和创伤愈合过程中启动血管形成的一个高度特异的有丝分裂原,也是一种有效的血管通透性诱导因子,ＶＥＧＦ是胱氨酸结生长因子超家族的一员,它与其受体的结构细节和工能特征为设计分子拮抗剂提供了重要依据。其结构特征和生物学特性使之在缺血组织重组侧支循环,肿瘤预后,肿瘤转移乃至实施基因治疗等领域成为重要的研究对象。     

Inhibition of FGF‐FGFR and VEGF‐VEGFR signalling in cancer treatment

The sites of targeted therapy are limited and need to be expanded. The FGF‐FGFR signalling plays pivotal roles in the oncogenic process, and FGF/FGFR inhibitors are a promising method to treat FGFR‐altered tumours. The VEGF‐VEGFR signalling is the most crucial pathway to induce angiogenesis, and inhibiting this cascade has already got success in treating tumours. While both their efficacy and antitumour spectrum are limited, combining FGF/FGFR inhibitors with VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors are an excellent way to optimize the curative effect and expand the antitumour range because their combination can target both tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers need to be developed to predict the efficacy, and combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is a promising direction in the future. The article will discuss the FGF‐FGFR signalling pathway, the VEGF‐VEGFR signalling pathway, the rationale of combining these two signalling pathways and recent small‐molecule FGFR/VEGFR inhibitors based on clinical trials.     

Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor Expression and Function in Nerve Growth Factor-Differentiated PC12 Cells

Abstract: Receptors for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were studied on PC12EY cells, a subclone of PC12. Differentiation of PC12EY cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) did not alter either the number of IGF-I receptors nor their affinity for IGF-I. IGF-I receptors remained fully functional during differentiation, promoting increases in thymidine incorporation, glucose uptake, amino acid uptake, and the phosphorylation of the S6 protein of the ribosomes. IGF-I also increased the proportion of differentiated cells found in S-phase. But although the addition of IGF-I to naive cells caused an increase in cell number, there was no comparable increase when IGF-I was added to differentiated cells. Thus, although the receptor for IGF-I continues to be present and functional, IGF-I fails to induce cell proliferation in differentiated PC12 cells.     

Defined medium for normal adult human prostatic stromal cells

Summary Stromal-epithelial interactions are pivotal in many aspects of prostatic biology. A defined culture system is critical for the investigation of factors that regulate the growth and differentiation of human prostatic stromal cells. We have identified conditions which promote stromal cell attachment and proliferation in serum-free medium. MCDB 201, originally developed for the clonal growth of chick embryo fibroblasts, proved to be a superior basal medium of those that we tested. Supplementation of MCDB 201 with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) permitted attachment and exponential growth of cells throughout a 7-d period with an initial inoculum as low as 10³ cells per well of a 96-well microtiter dish. Using these assay conditions, we subsequently verified that basic FGF and IGF, but not PDGF, were required for optimal growth. No activity was found for heparin, transferrin, or the androgen R1881. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) didn’t stimulate growth when added to medium containing basic FGF and IGF, but was moderately stimulatory when added to basal medium alone. Cholera toxin inhibited growth. This simple and efficient culture medium provides a suitable assay system for more extensive studies of growth regulation and differentiation of human prostatic stromal cells, and will provide the basis for future development of a defined medium that supports clonal growth. Characterization of stromal-epithelial interactions will be facilitated by the use of this defined culture system for stromal cells in conjunction with the serum-free culture systems previously developed for human prostatic epithelial cells.     

SNP analyses of growth factor genes EGF, TGFbeta-1, and HGF reveal haplotypic association of EGF with autism

Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in early childhood. Growth factors have been found to play a key role in the cellular differentiation and proliferation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is detected in several regions of the developing and adult brain, where, it enhances the differentiation, maturation, and survival of a variety of neurons. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) isoforms play an important role in neuronal survival, and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to exhibit neurotrophic activity. We examined the association of EGF, TGFbeta1, and HGF genes with autism, in a trio association study, using DNA samples from families recruited to the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange; 252 trios with a male offspring scored for autism were selected for the study. Transmission disequilibrium test revealed significant haplotypic association of EGF with autism. No significant SNP or haplotypic associations were observed for TGFbeta1 or HGF. Given the role of EGF in brain and neuronal development, we suggest a possible role of EGF in the pathogenesis of autism.