PTEN蛋白的异常表达与卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变的关系

目的:探讨PTEN蛋白表达与与卵巢子宫内膜异位症(内异症)恶变的关系.方法:应用免疫组化方法检测21例子宫内膜异位症相关卵巢癌(内异症相关卵巢癌),10例不典型卵巢子宫内膜异位症(不典型内异症)及23例内异位症中PTEN蛋白表达.结果:PTEN在内异症和不典型内异症组阳性表达率分别为82.61%和60.00%,内异症相关卵巢癌组中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率为42.86%.内异症相关卵巢癌组PTEN蛋白表达与内异症组相比差异有显著性(p＜0.05). PTEN蛋白表达与内异症相关卵巢癌患者的年龄、病理类型无相关性(p＞0.05),与分化程度、临床分期相关(p＜0.05),在内异症相关卵巢癌中,临床分期早,分化程度高的PTEN表达显著高于分期晚,分化差的.结论:PTEN蛋白表达缺失可能参与了卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变,有可能成为一个很有潜力的诊断指标及新的治疗靶点而应用于临床.     

剖宫产后腹壁切口巨大子宫内膜异位症8例治疗分析

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)是育龄期妇女的常见病,估计3%～10%的生育年龄妇女患该病[1]。该病病灶多见于盆腔脏器和腹膜,盆腔外少见,其中又以剖宫产后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症(abdominal incision endometriosis,AIEM)最常见。近年来,随着剖宫产率的上升,该病发病率有逐渐上升的趋势,引起了临床的关注。AIEM为良性疾     

上皮间质转化标记物及Snail在子宫内膜异位症中的表达

目的:研究上皮间质转化标志物(E-cadherin、β-catenin、vimentin)和Snail在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)中的表达。方法:选取40例EMs患者(实验组)异位内膜及在位内膜,同时获取20例非EMs患者(对照组)的正常子宫内膜,采用免疫组化法研究Snail、EMT上皮标志物(E-cadherin、β-catenin)、间质标志物(vimentin)在各内膜组织中的表达,并比较其表达水平。结果:EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜的EMT上皮标志物E-cadherin、β-catenin表达均显著低于正常内膜的表达(P0.05);EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜的EMT间质标志物vimentin表达均显著高于正常内膜的表达(P0.05);EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜中Snail表达显著高于正常内膜的表达(P0.05)。结论:在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)中,Snail、vimentin表达上调,E-cadherin、β-catenin表达下调可能与子宫内膜异位症(EMs)的发生、发展及浸润转移有关。     

子宫内膜异位症与子宫内膜息肉发病机制的相关性研究进展

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)和子宫内膜息肉(endometrial polyp,EP)是两类常见的良性妇科疾病，以子宫内膜组织的异常种植或增生为主要病理特征。流行病学数据显示，EMT患者的EP发生率攀升，EP患者合并EMT的风险也增加，提示二者可能存在密切关系与潜在的关联机制。尽管EMT和EP的发病机制尚未完全明确，但近年研究表明，EMT和EP的发生可能与长期高水平雌激素刺激、雌激素受体与孕激素受体表达失衡、细胞凋亡与增殖异常、细胞因子的表达、局部慢性炎症刺激、免疫系统失调、氧化应激、微生物群紊乱、代谢异常等因素有关。两者共有多种危险因素，可能参与彼此的疾病进程，从而在临床治疗上显示出消极的相互作用。本文通过对EMT和EP发病机制的相关性进行综述，为二者的基础研究和临床治疗提供更多理论依据。     

P物质在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及其意义

目的:探讨P物质(substance P,SP)在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EM)中的表达及其意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测2012年10月至2013年4月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院经腹腔镜及病理证实的EM患者异位子宫内膜组织20例,与其配对的在位子宫内膜组织10例以及因非EM(子宫肌瘤)行腹腔镜下子宫全切术或肌瘤核除患者的正常子宫内膜组织20例中SP的表达情况,并分析和比较术中盆腔粘连发生情况。结果:SP在EM患者的异位子宫内膜、在位子宫内膜及非EM患者的正常子宫内膜的阳性表达率分别为75%、80%、20%,异位子宫内膜和在位子宫内膜比较无显著性差别(P=1.0),但均高于非EM患者的正常子宫内膜,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002,P=0.004);EM组盆腔粘连的阳性率高于非EM组,EM患者异位子宫内膜中SP阳性组盆腔粘连阳性率高于SP阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.001,P=0.032),非EM患者正常子宫内膜中SP阳性组盆腔粘连阳性率与SP阴性组相比,差异不具有统计学意义(P=0.061)。结论:SP在EM的异位子宫内膜和在位子宫内膜中的表达上调,并与EM合并盆腔粘连有关,其具体机制尚有待进一步的研究。     

子宫内膜异位症患者凋亡相关基因TGF-β mRNA表达的研究

目的:探计TGF-β在子宫内膜异位症发病及发展中的分子生物学机制及与凋亡的相关性.方法:选取子宫内膜异位症患者12例为研究对象(EMS组),正常妇女正常子宫内膜12例(对照组),应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,测定TGF-β mRNA表达水平;运用western-blotting印迹法检测检测TGF-β蛋白的表达.同时用TUNEL染色对标本进行凋亡检测.结果:异位子宫内膜的凋亡率明显低于正常子宫内膜,且EMS组患者异位内膜的TGF-β mKNA和蛋白的表达水平上调.结论:患者子宫内膜中凋亡率的改变,在子宫内膜异位症的发生发展中起重要作用.异位的子宫内膜可能是由于TGF-β的表达上调增加了抗凋亡能力.     

CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7轴在子宫内膜异位症中的研究进展

子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis, EMT)是常见的妇科疾病,发病率高,且有年轻化的趋势。因其治疗困难且复发率高,严重影响了女性的生活质量和生育能力。研究发现趋化因子CXCL12与其受体CXCR4和CXCR7在恶性肿瘤中起重要作用。虽然EMT为良性疾病,但有恶性肿瘤的生物学特征,近来发现CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7轴可以影响子宫内膜异位症的定植、侵袭和转移。本文就当前国内外研究CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7轴在EMT发生发展过程中的作用进行了综述,旨在为EMT的治疗找到新靶点。     

大鼠子宫内膜异位模型的建立与组织学观察

目的为开发诊治子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMT)的新药研究提供理想的动物模型。方法取雌性未交配性成熟大鼠,术前雌激素诱导,麻醉开腹取部份右侧子宫,将内膜种植于左腹壁内,术后16周取出包块,进行组织形态学、组织化学观察。结果异位内膜在腹壁内生长,呈隆起囊状小包块,内有黏液,具有正常子宫内膜基本组织结构,囊腔较大。异位内膜中有糖原、RNA的存在。结论该手术方法建立的子宫异位内膜生长良好,术后一周就可摸及包块大小,为开发研究子宫内膜异位症的新药提供了方便。     

子宫内膜异位症致不孕的病因及治疗研究进展

<正>子宫内膜异位症(EMT)是指子宫内膜组织在宫腔被覆黏膜以外的部位种植生长。子宫内膜具有侵蚀性生长的特点,异位生长粘附性和增殖力均较强,患者常表现为月经紊乱、盆腔疼痛、继发性痛经及不孕等。据流行病学调查显示,35%的不孕症患者患有EMT,而半数以上的子宫内膜异位症患者伴发不孕。Buyalos等[1]在本世纪初首次提出了     

腹腔镜诊断子宫内膜异位症并联合药物治疗不孕症157例分析

目的:探讨运用腹腔镜诊断子宫内膜异位症,并观察通过手术联合药物治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析157例子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔镜手术联合药物治疗后的临床资料.结果:不同期别子宫内膜位异症患者术后联合用药后完全缓解率为84.7%,半年复发率为1.9%,半年妊娠率为59.2%.结论:子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜手术后联合用药可有效降低复发率,提高受孕率.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000