植物生长调节剂的研究及应用进展

植物生长调节剂是合成植物激素, 其可以调节植物的代谢和生理功能, 并且已广泛用于农业、林业和其他领域。而植物生长调节剂本身存在的毒副作用所引起的安全问题也不容忽视, 在使用调节剂时应保证其安全性和有效性。文章概述了植物生长调节剂的种类、作用功效、国内外植物生长剂的研究和应用情况及在使用中存在的问题, 分析了调节剂药效的影响因素, 就植物生长调节剂的进一步应用提出了建议, 进行了展望, 并对其应用于生态修复领域的可行性进行了分析。植物生长调节剂在使用时应注意: (1)适时适量; (2)多种药型谨慎搭配, 科学调控植物生长剂的使用; (3)植物生长调节剂不能随意与农药搭配以避免不良反应的发生。     

植物生长调节剂对木本植物生长抑制的研究进展

植物生长调节剂的研制成功为实现人为控制植物生长带来了便利。人们可以通过化学手段调节植物生长、发育的各个阶段,以满足生产需求。本文对不同种类生长抑制类植物生长调节剂对木本植物生长抑制的应用现状、应用效果以及存在的问题进行了阐述,并对植物生长调节剂在木本植物生长抑制中的应用前景进行了深入探讨。     

植物生长调节剂在柑桔生产上的应用

植物生长调节剂是调节植物生长发育的重要物质,在农业和园艺生产上,具有广泛的应用价值和发展前景。近20年来,随着高科技和化学工业的发展,生长调节剂在果树上的应用日益受到重视,已成为当前科学栽培果树,提高果实商品性,增加经济效益的重要技术措施。现就植物生长调节剂在柑桔生产中的应用情况综述如下:     

植物生长调节剂在热带经济作物上的应用

植物生长调节剂在热带经济作物上的应用李扬东（海南省农垦海口中专学校热带经济作物教研室５７０００５）植物生长调节剂是人工合成的、具有类似天然激素作用的化学物质。这些化学物质具有促进或抑制植物生长发育的作用,对植物发芽、生根、枝叶生长、开花和结果等调节具...     

氨基酸、肽的研究进展和应用趋势

本文报道了氨基酸、肽在生物活性化合物、高分子新材料、和植物生长调节剂方面的研究进展和应用趋势。     

重视植物生长调节剂的残毒问题

扼要介绍我国常用10多种植物生长调节剂的毒性,它们大多数是低毒,也有少数是微毒或无毒,着重分析可能致癌,致畸和致突变的植物生长调节剂研究简况,还讨论了植物生长调节剂在植物内和土壤中的残留情况,供人们安全施用或食用作参考。最后提出减少植物生长调节剂留量的方法。     

甲壳质,壳聚糖在农业上的应用

本文综述了甲壳质、壳聚糖作为降解性地膜、植物生长调节剂、肥料和土壤改良剂、农药、食物保鲜剂及饲料、饵料添加剂等在农业方面的应用。     

植物生长调节剂对大豆根瘤菌生长及功能的调控效应

主要研究植物生长调节剂对大豆根瘤菌生长和功能的调控效应,分析了大豆根瘤菌固氮作用的重要意义,并从根瘤菌生长、基因表达、蛋白表达等方面,讨论了植物生长调节剂对大豆根瘤菌的调控作用。     

植物生长调节剂应用中的几个问题

植物生物调节剂种类繁多，应用范围很广，使用得当效益显著。由于植物生长调节剂大都是“一专多能”型药剂，不同的浓度和不同的使用时期对植物生理的作用可能差别很大，甚至截然相反；加之不同种植物，以及同一种植物的不同品种对同一药剂的反应也千差万别，因此对使用技术要特别考究才能收到最佳效果。下面谈谈使用生长调节剂的几个共同的问题：豆．先试验，后推广这虽然是所有农业新技术都须遵循的原则，但对生长调节剂尤为重要。它不像杀虫剂和杀菌剂，使用不当仅只杀虫、灭菌效果不好，而是可能产生与预期效果相反的效应。所以使用时切…     

柑橘用植物生长调节剂的登记与安全施用

为了加强植物生长调节剂在柑橘生产上的安全使用,对其登记信息现状的全面了解是非常有必要的.鉴于此,本文检索了目前在中国农药信息网上登记的产品,并对有效期内可用于柑橘生产的植物生长调节剂的种类、剂型与功效进行科学统计和分析,进一步提出安全施用建议及展望.结果表明,当前所登记的柑橘植物生长调节剂产品总共有75个,有效成分主要以单剂为主,产品有65个,占86.67%;剂型有12类,以可溶液剂和乳油为主,占46.7%;功效主要包含调节生长、增产、催熟、控梢、矮化、杀虫、促进生长、抗逆等作用.该结果为植物生长调节剂产业健康发展与柑橘的绿色生产提供参考.     

植物源调节剂对水稻的影响

植物源调节剂是利用艾蒿为主要原料,首次用提取的混合物研制成的一种植物生长调节剂,使用80mg/L的植物源调节剂混合物水溶液,分别在水稻苗期、拔节期、孕穗期叶面喷洒,清水对照。结果表明:植物源调节剂使水稻增产11.38%,千粒重增加11.45%。株干重增加了17.1%。在灌浆期连续测定表明:相对于CK,穗粒重增加10.9%,叶绿素含量提高14.41%。品质分析结果为:可溶性糖含量提高15.57%、游离氨基酸含量提高18.52%、淀粉含量提高1.59%,可溶性蛋白质降低22.17%、粗纤维降低1.95%、粗脂肪降低1.22%。该植物源调节剂对水稻的生长和产量都有显著的促进效应。     

杀菌剂敌磺钠及植物生长调节剂对茭白孕茭的影响

以‘龙茭二号’为研究对象,通过在茭白植株不同生长发育阶段分别喷施杀菌剂敌磺钠和植物生长调节剂,比较分析其对茭白结茭的促进效果。对6个不同处理组合及对照材料的株高、内源激素含量变化及结茭情况的统计分析发现：喷施一定浓度的敌磺钠对茭白结茭具有明显的促进作用,以敌磺钠（标准浓度）＋营养液和敌磺钠（标准浓度）对茭白结茭产量的提高最为明显。植物生长调节剂处理能明显促进茭白早期植株生长,但对最终株高影响不大。采用间接酶联免疫法对茭白茎部3种激素（IAA、ABA和GA3）含量进行的比较分析表明：敌磺钠处理能够明显降低ABA含量,但对IAA和GA3含量没有明显影响;茭白结茭前ABA含量的降低可能有助于茭白结茭。     

Vegetative micro-cloning to sustain biodiversity of threatened Moringa species

Efficient vegetative cloning in vitro requires definition of plant growth regulator regimes for each genotype, and therefore formulation of a uniform culture protocol for a genetically heterogeneous wild or uncultivated plant population is often impossible. The likelihood of cloning a wide array of plant genotypes by avoiding the use of plant growth regulator(s) was explored with Moringa oleifera Lamk., Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod, and Moringa peregrina Forssk. ex Fiori tree seedlings. Propagation was achieved by multiple shoot regeneration from the cotyledonary node of decapitated seedlings, followed by axillary shoot growth from single node shoot segments and rooting of excised shoots. All steps were accomplished on basal Murashige and Skoog medium without plant growth regulator supplements. The results revealed competence for generation of multiple shoots from cotyledonary node tissue, stimulated by repeated shoot harvest, in seedlings of all three tree species. Tens of plants per seedling were regenerated in about 4 mo from culture initiation. In a given species clone size was seedling-dependent, which presumably stems from genotypic variability among seedlings in regeneration ability in vitro. By this means the laborious search for a plant growth regulator regime suitable for organogenesis induction and adapted per genotype became redundant, and biodiversity of the seed germplasm could be maintained. The approach ideally suits establishment of clones of wild plants of endangered species, like those of the Moringaceae, species with high ability for producing supplementary shoots, and without the need to add plant growth regulators, including the rooting stage.     

Changes in growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Ocimum sanctum under growth regulator treatments

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of growth regulators on growth characteristics such as root length, shoot length, total leaf area, number of inflorescence per plant, number of flower per inflorescence, whole plant fresh weight and whole plant dry weight. Photosynthetic characteristics were also analyzed based on the same experiment. For this, various photosynthetic pigment contents such as chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and xanthophyll content were calculated. The conventional growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA) and non-conventional growth regulator triazole compound paclobutrazol (PBZ) were used. Root length increased due to growth regulator treatment, but shoot length decreased. Leaf area was decreased due to growth regulator treatment. The number of inflorescence increased in ABA treated plants, but it was decreased in PBZ treated plants. In ABA treated plants, the number of flowers per inflorescence was increased. In PBZ treated plants the number of inflorescence was reduced. The whole plant fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) were increased in ABA and PBZ treated plants. There was an increase in chlorophyll content in growth regulator treated plants compared to control, and it was more in PBZ treated plants. The carotenoid content was also increased in ABA and PBZ treated plants.     

植物离体培养中器官发生调控机制的研究进展

本文就离体培养的植物组织对生长调节物质的吸收和代谢，外源生长调节物质对内源激素水平的影响，内源激素对细胞脱分化和再分化的调控，生长素和细胞分裂素基因与器官发生的关系，与器官发生有关的基因和特异蛋白等问题的研究进展进行了评述，并对下一步研究提出了自己的看法。     

植物离体培养中器官发生调控机制的研究进展

本文就离体培养的植物组织对生长调节物质的吸收和代谢,外源生长调节物质对内源激素水平的影响,内源激素对细胞脱分化和再分化的调控,生长素和细胞分裂素基因与器官发生的关系,与器官发生有关的基因和特异蛋白等问题的研究进展进行了评述,并对下一步研究提出了自己的看法。     

Syntheses and Biological Activities of (2S,2′ S)- and (2S,2′R)-Dimethyl 3-Phenyl-2,2′-oxydipropionate,Ether Analogues of a Plant-growth Regulator Isolated from Botrytis squamosa

Ether analogues of a plant growth regulator isolated from Botrytis squamosa, (2S,2′S)- and (2S,3′S)-dimethyl 3-phenyl-2,2′-oxydipro-pionate (1), were prepared by the Williamson synthesis, and the two diastereomers were separated. The absolute configurations of both diastereomers were determined by chemical transformation. The promoting effect of both synthesize analogues on lettuce seedling growth was similar to that of the natural plant growth regulator.     

何首乌愈伤组织的诱导

研究了外植体、光暗条件、植物激素等因子对何首乌愈伤组织诱导的影响 ,以及 6 -BA和何首乌组织提取液对愈伤组织增殖的影响。结果表明 :茎段的愈伤组织诱导优于带侧芽茎段和叶片 ;光照有利于愈伤组织的诱导 ;4因子 4水平的正交实验表明 ,对何首乌茎段愈伤组织诱导的影响 2 ,4 -D >6 -BA >IBA >IAA ,最佳激素搭配是 :MS +2 ,4 -D 2mg L +6 -BA 1mg L +IBA1mg L或MS +2 ,4 -D 2mg L +6 -BA 2mg L +IAA 1mg L ;MS培养基中附加 6 -BA或组织提取液均促进愈伤组织的增殖。     

Interactions between plant hormones and thiol-related heavy metal chelators

Upon toxic metal stress numerous defence mechanisms have been induced, including the synthesis of metal-binding ligands and plant hormones or plant growth regulators in plants. As several elements in the promoter region of the heavy metal-responsive genes can be activated by plant hormones and growth regulators, understanding and revealing possible and special relationships between these regulator compounds and the metal chelator phytochelatins, which are in the first line of heavy metal defence mechanism is of great important. Phytochelatins are synthetized from glutathione and have a structure of [(γ-Glu-Cys)_n]-Gly, where n is the number of repetition of the (γ-Glu-Cys) units. Evidences for the role of PCs in heavy metal tolerance are very strong; however, little information is available on how plant growth regulators influence the phytochelatin synthesis at molecular or even gene expression level. In the present review we provide an overview of the role and synthesis of phytochelatins in metal-tolerance mechanism from a new point of view, i.e. their relation to the plant growth regulator molecules, with special regard also on those cases, when close direct relationship exists because of the partly overlapped synthesis pathways of plant growth regulators and glutathione/phytochelatins.     

Changes in growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Ocimum sanctum under growth regulator treatments

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of growth regulators on growth characteristics such as root length,shoot length,total leaf area,number of inflorescence per plant,number of flower per inflorescence,whole plant fresh weight and whole plant dry weight.Photosynthetic characteristics were also analyzed based on the same experiment.For this,various photosynthetic pigment contents such as chlorophyll,carotenoid,anthocyanin and xanthophyll content were calculated.The conventional growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA) and non-conventional growth regulator triazole compound paclobutrazol (PBZ) were used.Root length increased due to growth regulator treatment,but shoot length decreased.Leaf area was decreased due to growth regulator treatment.The number of inflorescence increased in ABA treated plants,but it was decreased in PBZ treated plants.In ABA treated plants,the number of flowers per inflorescence was increased.In PBZ treated plants the number of inflorescence was reduced.The whole plant fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) were increased in ABA and PBZ treated plants.There was an increase in chlorophyll content in growth regulator treated plants compared to control,and it was more in PBZ treated plants.The carotenoid content was also increased in ABA and PBZ treated plants.