“神经冲动的产生及传导”教学分析与建议

分析了"神经冲动的产生及传导"过程中适合学生探究的素材,论证了这些素材在课堂教学中对学生智力发展即推理思维能力训练的可行性,并将相关科学史素材进行了重新组合整理,在教学实践的基础上提出了可行性教学建议。     

生物化学教学中实用素材的推荐

本文旨在与从事生物化学教学的教师分享几个实用素材,正在学习生物化学的学生亦可直接使用.素材包括多媒体类例如绪论导入歌曲"Biochemistry",ATP合酶工作原理的视频,RCSB PDB蛋白质结构数据库,RasMol分子图像观察软件等;实物类例如DNA双螺旋结构的纸质模型,tRNA一二三级结构的纸质模型等.侧重素材...     

微生物学教学中人文教育渗透素材的选择

在微生物学课堂上渗透人文教育是微生物学教学改革的必然选择途径之一。微生物学包含着丰富的人文教育素材,这些内容包括古代典籍、历史事件、科学家传记、微生物学发展史、新闻热点等。合理应用这些素材可以提升课堂的文化氛围,提高学生的学习兴趣,并引导学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观。     

基于学科前沿提高学生核心素养的教学设计——以“光合作用的原理和应用”为例

随着新一轮教育改革的深化,课程标准对结合前沿知识教学提出了更高的要求。生物学学科发展突飞猛进,而学科前沿素材是教科书的良好补充。本文以“光合作用的原理和应用”为例,探讨“人工合成淀粉”这一前沿素材在教学中的应用,进行提高学生核心素养的教学实践。从课前收集资料、延续教学情境、设计认知冲突、明确科学原理、构建知识体系、布置课后习题6个阶段层层递进,挖掘前沿素材与课内知识的关联内容,着重强化学生的科学思维和社会责任,以期为一线教学提供参考。     

"细胞呼吸原理的应用"一节对学生科学实验能力的培养

在“细胞呼吸原理的应用”课堂教学中，努力挖掘相关教学素材，培养学生科学实验能力。     

中国地级区域高质量发展格局与影响因素

高质量发展战略对中国生态经济系统的运行提出了更高要求。当前对高质量发展的研究侧重经济子系统,对生态子系统和社会子系统的分析相对薄弱,且缺乏省级以下中微观尺度的分析。从经济质量、创新潜力、环境质量、生态安全、人民生活和城乡协调六个维度解析了高质量发展内涵,搜集了全国306个地级区域2018年的数据资料,构建地级区域高质量发展综合评价指标体系,定量测算了地级区域高质量发展指数,揭示了区域格局,考察了影响因素,识别了问题区域,并提出了发展质量提升策略。研究表明：(1)高质量发展指数存在明显的区域差异,东部地区和长江流域发展水平相对较高,东北地区和黄河流域发展水平相对较低。(2)经济质量、创新潜力和人民生活指数的均值相对较低,是高质量发展的薄弱环节。(3)高质量发展水平受到自然环境适宜性、城市等级和人口集聚、投资水平、交通区位、数字经济等因素的综合影响,且具有较强的空间溢出效应。(4)识别出8大类174个高质量发展的问题地市,分布在26个省区,在黄河流域和东北地区相对集中。最后,从制度建设、全国层面和具体区域层面探讨了高质量发展水平提升路径,可为制定区域发展战略和区域政策提供科学参考。     

利用学生提供的素材进行生物学教学

根据学科特点和学生的实际,把与教材有关的社会、生产、生活、科技中的实际问题和热点问题作为设计课堂教学的素材,是一种促进学生主动参与学习过程的有效途径,不少教师在这方面进行过探讨和尝试,积累了不少宝贵的经验。但引入的素材多为教师搜集提供,虽然在一定程度上能调动学生参与的积极性,学生却失去了发现及成功的喜悦,失去了充分表现自我的机会。     

读懂教材中的化验单 提高健康素养

用通俗易懂的语言对教材中3张化验单的各项指标进行分析,普及医学知识。为培养学生的医学科学素养提供教学素材和借鉴。     

组织专题复习提升学科能力

2018年高考北京卷《考试说明》生物学科部分对考生应具备的能力给出了更清晰的界定,为高三生物学教学提供了依据.在专题复习中,以课内、外生物学研究实例为素材,将科学研究的一般过程与考试说明中的能力要求相结合,对素材进行精细化分析,让学生明确研究过程各环节的思维要点,得到思维能力的有效训练,提升学科关键能力.     

“光合作用过程”教学的组织

光合作用是生物界乃至整个自然界最重要的物质代谢和能量代谢。人类对光合作用的研究历经上百年的时间,至今也未停止,这个过程充满了科学探索的艰辛、智慧与创新,突出体现了科学方法的精密、严谨和巧妙,为我们进行光合作用的教学提供了丰富的学习素材。本着“倡导探究性学习”的课程理念,在进行光合作用的教学时,运用科学史为素材．开展探究性学习的教学方式能有效的落实新课程理念和教学目标。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.