长链非编码RNA Linc00673过表达对胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖与凋亡的影响*

目的: 探讨长链非编码RNA Linc00673过表达对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制。方法: 将重组慢病毒表达质粒pLVX-Linc00673和对照空载体质粒pLVX-NC在293T细胞中进行慢病毒包装与扩增,将重组慢病毒转染胃癌细胞MGC-803建立稳定过表达 Linc00673的细胞系,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测Linc00673基因的表达; MTT实验和克隆形成实验观察细胞的生长增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡;qPCR检测细胞周期相关调控基因表达;免疫印迹法检测PI3K/Akt信号通路关键分子及肿瘤增殖相关蛋白的表达。结果: Linc00673在胃癌细胞系MGC-803、BGC-823和AGS中的表达量显著高于正常胃粘膜细胞GES-1(P＜0.05)。建立了稳定过表达Linc00673的MGC-803细胞系,Linc00673的表达量比对照空载体组高200倍。Linc00673过表达促进MGC-803细胞增殖和克隆形成(P＜0.05),抑制细胞凋亡并影响细胞周期G1→S期进程(P＜0.01);Linc00673过表达可影响MGC-803细胞周期调节基因CCNG2、p19和CDK1的表达;免疫印迹结果显示,Linc00673过表达不仅促进PI3K/Akt信号通路关键分子pAKT及其下游靶点NF-κB和Bcl-2蛋白的表达,而且上调肿瘤相关因子β-catenin和EZH2蛋白的表达。结论: Linc00673过表达可能通过PI3K/Akt信号通路促进MGC-803细胞增殖、抑制凋亡。     

桦木酸对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖的影响

目的:探究不同浓度桦木酸对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖的影响.方法:将人胃癌MGC-803细胞分成4组,每组设置3个复孔,对照组细胞为加入浓度为0 μg/ml的桦木酸实验组细胞分别加入终浓度为10、20、30 μg/ml的桦木酸,各组细胞在含5％的CO2培养箱中孵育48 h后,使用吉姆萨染色法和台盼蓝拒染法检测桦木酸对...     

Variant RONΔ160 of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase promotes the growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo in gastric cancer cell lines

Background

Recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose overexpression has been observed in human gastric cancers. This study aimed to determine whether overexpression of the variant RONΔ160 could induce tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells in vitro or in vivo, and whether its specific small molecule inhibitor (Compound I) could inhibit the effect of RONΔ160.

Methods

We constructed human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 that was stably transfected with a recombinant plasmid expressing RONΔ160, and the effect of RONΔ160 overexpression and macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) activation on proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of MGC-803 cells were evaluated. Tumor-bearing mice with gastric cancer cells were used to analyze the effects of RONΔ160 overexpression and Compound I on implanted tumor growth.

Results

In vitro, overexpression of RONΔ160 in MGC-803 cells resulted changes to their cell morphology, and promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, overexpression of RONΔ160 increased the proportion of cells in the S phase. The effect of RONΔ160 was significantly enhanced by induction of MSP inducing (p < 0.05). In vivo, RONΔ160 promoted the growth of MGC-803 cells in nude mice, including increased tumor size and weight, and lower tumor incubation period. The Compound I inhibited the tumorigenic abilities of RONΔ160 (p <0.05).

Conclusions

The results indicate that overexpression of the variant RONΔ160 altered the phenotype and tumorigenicity of MGC-803 cells. Its specific small molecule inhibitor could inhibit the effect of RONΔ160. Therefore, the variant RONΔ160 may become a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.     

miR-125b靶向MCL1抑制胃癌 MGC-803细胞增殖

探讨mi R-125b对胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖的影响及机制,为阐明胃癌发病的分子机制提供实验依据.采用q RT-PCR和原位杂交,检测mi R-125b在正常胃黏膜(NGM)和胃癌(GAC)组织中的表达.将mi R-125b导入胃癌MGC-803细胞,观察mi R-125b高表达对MGC-803细胞增殖的影响.利用Targetscan 6.2软件及荧光素酶报告基因检测,分析mi R-125b对MCL1基因的靶向性作用.构建MCL1干扰载体,观察干扰MCL1基因表达对MGC-803细胞增殖的影响.结果发现,mi R-125b在胃癌组织中低表达,其表达与胃癌的分化程度及患者预后呈正相关,与TNM分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关(P0.01).mi R-125b高表达后MGC-803细胞的增殖降低、凋亡率增加、裂解caspase-3与裂解PARP表达增加(P0.01);mi R-125b与MCL1基因的3′UTR(2 613~2 620)结合,抑制MCL1的m RNA及蛋白质表达(P0.01);沉默MCL1基因表达后MGC-803细胞的增殖降低、凋亡率增加、裂解caspase-3与裂解PARP表达增加(P0.01).从而得出结论,mi R-125b在胃癌组织中低表达,其表达与胃癌组织分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移及患者预后密切相关;mi R-125b靶向抑制MCL1基因表达,活化caspase-3信号通路,抑制MGC-803细胞增殖.     

Enolase1 overexpression regulates the growth of gastric cancer cells and predicts poor survival

Gastric cancer has become the third most common cancer around the world. In patients with gastric cancer, the 5-year survival rate is still low. However, the mechanism underlying gastric cancer remains largely unknown. As a glycolytic enzyme, enolase 1 (ENO1) is widely expressed in most tissues. The functions of ENO1 have been reported in various types of cancer. Here in this study, we identified that ENO1 promoted the growth of gastric cancer cells through diverse mechanisms. Our immunohistochemical, bioinformatic and Western blot data showed that ENO1 was significantly overexpressed in human gastric cancer cell lines and tissues. The survival analysis revealed that ENO1 overexpression predicted poor survival in the patients suffering gastric cancer. Knockdown of ENO1 expression repressed the rate of proliferation and capacity of colony formation in two human gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803 and MKN-45). In addition, knockdown of the expression of ENO1 led to the arrest of the cell cycle at the G1 phase and promoted the apoptosis of MKN-45 and MGC-803 cells. The further microarray and bioinformatic analysis revealed that ENO1 regulated the expression of diverse genes, many of which are involved in the progress of cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrated that ENO1 was an oncogene-like factor and might serve as a promising target for the treatment of human gastric cancer.     

siRNA干扰PDGFRβ促进胃癌MGC-803/VCR细胞的凋亡

为研究血小板衍生生长因子受体β(PDGFRβ)在胃癌组织和长春新碱(vincristine, VCR)耐药胃癌细胞MGC-803/VCR中的表达,并探讨PDGFRβ沉默对MGC-803/VCR细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,本研究分别通过免疫组化和蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测PDGFRβ蛋白在胃癌组织和耐药细胞株中的表达水平。通过Lipofectamine 2000将PDGFRβ小干扰RNA (si-PDGFRβ)转染到MGC-803/VCR细胞,Western blotting检测转染后PDGFRβ蛋白表达水平,Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8)和流式细胞术分别检测si-PDGFRβ对VCR诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。研究结果显示:PDGFRβ蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达显著高于正常胃组织;PDGFRβ蛋白在MGC-803/VCR细胞中的表达极显著高于MGC-803细胞,并且转染si-PDGFRβ后MGC-803/VCR细胞的PDGFRβ蛋白表达水平显著降低;1μmol/L、2μmol/L、4μmol/L、8μmol/L的VCR诱导MGC-803/VCR细胞后,si-PDGFRβ组细胞增殖抑制率分别为(21.97±0.84)%、(37.63±1.32)%、(55.77±1.39)%和(72.17±1.16)%,与对照组的(13.60±0.49)%、(22.33±1.01)%、(38.30±1.56)%和(52.90±1.08)%分别比较有极显著的差异(p<0.01);流式检测结果显示,与对照组的细胞凋亡率(13.61±0.49)%比较,发现si-PDGFRβ组胃癌MGC-803/VCR细胞凋亡率为(29.80±0.64)%,说明两者差异极显著(p<0.01)。本研究初步结论表明,si RNA干扰PDGFRβ能够促进VCR诱导的胃癌MGC-803/VCR细胞凋亡。     

Long noncoding RNA DINO (damage induced noncoding) represses the development of gastric cancer by modulating p21 and Bcl-2 Associated X Protein (Bax) expression

lncRNAs are responsible for a variety of diseases, including gastric cancer (GC). Many recent studies have reported that lncRNAs can serve as crucial regulators of various genes. Nevertheless, the biological function of lncRNA damage induced noncoding (DINO) remained poorly investigated in GC. Therefore, in our present study, the detailed role of DINO was investigated. It was manifested that DINO was significantly downregulated in GC tissues. Then, DINO was modulated by infecting LV-DINO or by LV-shRNA in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. Moreover, it was displayed that GC cell proliferation was suppressed by DINO overexpression, whereas silencing DINO increased cell proliferation significantly. For another, it was indicated that DINO dramatically induced apoptotic ratios of BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells, whereas the decrease of DINO depressed GC cell apoptosis. Apart from these, GC cell cycle progression was greatly blocked by LV-DINO. Furthermore, Western blot results displayed that upregulation of DINO elevated p21 expression and Bax expression. Oppositely, inhibition of DINO greatly suppressed p21 and Bax protein expression level. Taken these, DINO might exert a tumor inhibitory role in the progression of GC through modulating p21 and Bax.     

大蒜阿霍烯抗胃癌的作用及分子机制*

目的: 探讨大蒜阿霍烯对胃癌细胞MGC-803的作用及相关分子机制。方法: 终浓度分别为0、1、5、25和125 μmol/L大蒜阿霍烯作用于细胞MGC-803 24 h、48 h和72 h,各设3复孔,MTS法检测细胞增殖活性,JC-1和Hoechst染色法观察线粒体膜电位和核型改变,LDH释放法检测细胞毒性,流式法分析细胞的凋亡和周期改变,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测P53、Caspase-3、RAS、ERK、BCL-2、AKT、mTOR、PI3K基因的表达,同时,取4周龄雄性BALB/C鼠随机分成5组,20只/组,腹股沟皮下接种胃癌细胞MGC-803,2 d后各组分别经皮下注射浓度为0 μmol/L、1 μmol/L、5 μmol/L、25 μmol/L、125 μmol/L的大蒜阿霍烯,0.1 ml/次,隔天注射一次,并于首次注射肿瘤细胞的第20日每组杀10只,取瘤组织,称重。记录剩余小鼠的存活期,观察大蒜阿霍烯对荷瘤小鼠胃癌生长及生存期的影响。结果: 大蒜阿霍烯可明显抑制MGC-803细胞增殖活性,诱导细胞凋亡(P＜0.01),显著上调P53、Caspase-3、BAX基因的转录和表达水平,抑制基因RAS、ERK1、BCL-2、AKT、mTOR和PI3K的表达(P＜0.01),显著抑制小鼠胃癌移植瘤生长,并延长荷瘤小鼠存活期(P＜0.01)。结论: 大蒜阿霍烯对胃癌有治疗作用,可通过调节PI3K-AKT-mTOR、RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK信号通路而抑制胃癌细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。     

不同浓度桦木酸对人胃癌MGC-803细胞自噬的影响

目的: 本研究利用不同浓度桦木酸处理人胃癌MGC-803细胞,以探究其对细胞自噬的影响。方法: 将人胃癌MGC-803细胞分为4组,每组3个复孔,对照组不加桦木酸处理,其余三组分别加入终浓度为10、20、30 mg/L桦木酸。桦木酸处理细胞48 h后,qRT-PCR检测桦木酸对人胃癌MGC-803细胞自噬相关基因mRNA表达的影响。Western blot检测药物处理细胞自噬相关基因的蛋白表达。利用免疫荧光检测药物处理后MGC-803细胞内LC3蛋白的胞内定位及表达。结果: 与对照组相比,在10～30 mg/L浓度范围内,桦木酸处理的人胃癌MGC-803细胞LC3、Beclin-1 mRNA的表达明显升高(P＜0.05),Beclin-1、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白的表达显著升高(P＜0.05),LC3-Ⅰ蛋白的表达明显降低(P＜0.05),其中30 mg/L处理组表现最佳。此外,桦木酸还可诱导MGC-803细胞LC3蛋白在细胞质内形成点状聚集。结论: 在10～30 mg/L浓度范围内,桦木酸能诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞发生自噬。     

Effects of silkworm pupa protein hydrolysates on mitochondrial substructure and metabolism in gastric cancer cells

The effects of silkworm pupa protein hydrolysates (SPPHs) on the apoptosis of MGC-803 gastric cancer cells were investigated in this study. The role of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in SPPHs-dependent inhibition of MGC-803 cell viability was also explored. SPPHs were found to induce apoptosis in MGC-803 cells with an IC₅₀ of 0.30 mg/ml.A series of changes in cellular organelle structural were observed during MGC-803 cell apoptosis that included mitochondrial swelling, vacuolation and rupture. These changes may ultimately impact on metabolic energy supply in MGC-803 cells. The expression of the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bax, and the activation of cytochrome c (Cyt C), Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were altered following induction of apoptosis by SPPHs in MGC-803 cells. Moreover, the increase in the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 expression is known to play an important role in the activation of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway.     

Identification of novel non-toxic and anti-angiogenic α-fluorinated chalcones as potent colchicine binding site inhibitors

α-Fluorinated chalcones were prepared and evaluated for their cell growth inhibitory properties against six human cancer cell lines. The most potent chalcone 4c demonstrated excellent selective toxicity against cancer cells versus normal human cells, with IC₅₀ values at nanomolar concentration ranges against 5 cancer cell lines. A further study revealed that 4c could bind to the colchicine site of tubulin, disrupt the cell microtubule networks, and effectively inhibit tubulin polymerisation. Cellular-based mechanism studies elucidated that 4c arrested MGC-803 cell cycle at G2/M phase. In addition, 4c dose-dependently caused Caspase-induced apoptosis of MGC-803 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, compound 4c was found to inhibit the HUVECs tube formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, our data suggested that treatment with 4c significantly reduced MGC-803 cells metastasis and proliferation in vitro. Overall, this work showed that chalcone hybrid 4c is a potent inhibitor of tubulin assembly with prominent anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer properties.     

GHR is involved in gastric cell growth and apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signalling

Growth hormone receptor (GHR), the cognate receptor of growth hormone (GH), is a membrane bound receptor that belongs to the class I cytokine receptor superfamily. GH binding GHR induces cell differentiation and maturation, initiates the anabolism inside the cells and promotes cell proliferation. Recently, GHR has been reported to be associated with various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of GHR in gastric cancer has not been defined. Our results showed that silence of GHR inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells, and tumour development in mouse xenograft model. Flow cytometry showed that GHR knockout significantly stimulated gastric cancer cell apoptosis and caused G1 cell cycle arrest, which was also verified by Western blot that GHR deficiency induced the protein level of cleaved-PARP, a valuable marker of apoptosis. In addition, GHR deficiency inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. On the basis of the results, that GHR regulates gastric cancer cell growth and apoptosis through controlling G1 cell cycle progression via mediating PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. These findings provide a novel understanding for the role of GHR in gastric cancer.     

Upregulation of the Non-Coding RNA OTUB1-isoform 2 Contributes to Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion and Predicts Poor Gastric Cancer Prognosis

Background: The deubiquitinase OTUB1 plays critical oncogenic roles and facilitates tumor progression in cancer. However, less is known regarding the aberrant expression, clinical significance and biological functions of the non-coding RNA OTUB1-isoform 2. We aimed to evaluate the OTUB1-isoform 2 levels in gastric cancer and their possible correlation with clinicopathologic features and patient survival to reveal its biological effects in gastric cancer progression.Methods: Total RNA extraction was performed on 156 gastric cancer case samples, and RT-qPCR was conducted. Chi-square test analysis was used to calculate the correlation between pathological parameters and the OTUB1-isoform 2 mRNA levels. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. Nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs were isolated to detect the subcellular localization of OTUB1-isoform 2. We also assessed whether overexpression of OTUB1-isoform 2 influenced in vitro cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, tumor cell invasion and migration, as well as in vivo nude mouse xenograft and metastasis models.Results: The OTUB1-isoform 2 expression levels were higher in the gastric cancer samples than in the paratumorous gland samples. OTUB1-isoform 2 expression levels tightly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. Higher OTUB1-isoform 2 expression levels led to significantly poorer OS and DFS rates, and a multivariate analysis revealed that OTUB1-isoform 2 was an independent risk factor for DFS. OTUB1-isoform 2 was predominantly localized in the cell nucleus. Ectopic overexpression of OTUB1-isoform 2 in gastric cancer cells stimulated proliferation by inducing G₁-S transition, suppression of cell apoptosis and promotion of tumor cell invasion and migration. Finally, OTUB1-isoform 2 overexpression promoted tumor growth and tumor metastasis in nude mice models.Conclusions: Our study suggests that OTUB1-isoform 2 independently predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression in gastric cancer. The non-coding RNA OTUB1-isoform 2 should be targeted in future molecular therapies.     

Discovery of N-aryl sulphonamide-quinazoline derivatives as anti-gastric cancer agents in vitro and in vivo via activating the Hippo signalling pathway

Hippo signalling pathway plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this work, we identified an N-aryl sulphonamide-quinazoline derivative, compound 9i as an anti-gastric cancer agent, which exhibited potent antiproliferative ability with IC₅₀ values of 0.36 μM (MGC-803 cells), 0.70 μM (HCT-116 cells), 1.04 μM (PC-3 cells), and 0.81 μM (MCF-7 cells), respectively and inhibited YAP activity by the activation of p-LATS. Compound 9i was effective in suppressing MGC-803 xenograft tumour growth in nude mice without obvious toxicity and significantly down-regulated the expression of YAP in vivo. Compound 9i arrested cells in the G2/M phase, induced intrinsic apoptosis, and inhibited cell colony formation in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells. Therefore, compound 9i is to be reported as an anti-gastric cancer agent via activating the Hippo signalling pathway and might help foster a new strategy for the cancer treatment by activating the Hippo signalling pathway regulatory function to inhibit the activity of YAP.     

Inhibitor of DNA-binding-1/inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID-1) is implicated in various aspects of gastric cancer cell biology

In order to determine the biological roles of the inhibitor of DNA-binding-1/inhibitor of differentiation-1 (ID-1) protein in MGC803 and AGS cell lines, we ectopically expressed or downregulated ID-1 in the both gastric cell lines and measured various parameters of tumor cell development, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cell migration. The ectopic expression of ID-1 significantly enhanced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell migration, and protected MGC803 and AGS cell lines from cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The opposite effects were observed after downregulation of ID-1, which in combination with cisplatin treatment enhanced apoptosis in a synergistic fashion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ID-1 plays pivotal and diverse roles in the biology of certain gastric cancer cells, further suggesting that ID-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of gastric cancer.     

Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene-induced cell cycle progression by all-trans retinoic acid partly through cyclin D1/E2F-1 pathway in human embryo lung fibroblasts

Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] is a potent environmental carcinogen, which induces cell cycle changes. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a promising agent in prevention and treatment of human cancers. In the present study, we investigated the inhibition of B(a)P-induced cell cycle progression by ATRA in human embryo lung fibroblast (HELF). Our results showed that after treatment with B(a)P, the expression of cyclin D1 and E2F-1 were both increased significantly in HELF. There were almost no changes of CDK4 and E2F-4 expression by treatment with B(a)P. As expected, pretreatment with ATRA could efficiently decrease B(a)P-induced overexpression of cyclin D1 and E2F-1. In a further study, we stably transfected antisense cyclin D1 and antisense CDK4 plasmid into HELF. The inhibition of cyclin D1 expression and the inhibition of CDK4 expression significantly impaired the B(a)P-induced overexpression of E2F-1 respectively. Pretreatment with ATRA, cells expressing antisense cyclinD1 or antisense CDK4 showed a lesser decrease of B(a)P-induced overexpression of E2F-1 compared with similarly treated HELF. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that B(a)P promoted cell cycle progression from G(1) phase to S phase, while pretreatment with ATRA could inhibit B(a)P-induced cell cycle progression by an accumulation of cells in the G(1) phase. It was suggested that ATRA could block B(a)P-induced cell cycle promotion partly through the cyclin D1/E2F-1 pathway in HELF.     

miRNA-181a在胃癌细胞增殖和迁移中的作用

miRNA与恶性肿瘤患者的诊断和预后密切相关,为了考察miRNA-181a在胃癌细胞增殖和迁移中的作用,本研究检测了miRNA-181a在胃癌组织中的表达,并通过对人胃癌细胞系MGC-803转染miR-181a模拟物或抑制剂来考察miR-181a对细胞迁移和增殖的影响。RT-PCR显示,miRNA-181a在胃癌组织中的表达水平显著高于癌旁组织(p<0.05)。伤口愈合实验和Transwell实验显示,转染miR-181a抑制剂或TGF-β受体2(TGFβR2)过表达的pcDNA3.1质粒均可抑制MGC-803细胞的迁移。EdU实验和CCK-8实验显示,转染miR-181a抑制剂或TGFβR2过表达的pcDNA3.1质粒均可抑制MGC-803细胞的增殖。此外,miR-181a抑制剂处理可使TGFβR2蛋白表达明显升高。然而,miR-181a模拟物或抑制剂处理后TGFβR2mRNA水平没有显著变化。总之,本研究表明高表达的miR-181a通过在转录后抑制TGFβR2蛋白表达来促进胃癌细胞的迁移和增殖。miR-181a有望成为胃癌的潜在治疗靶点。