颅骨自动钻孔技术探析

头骨钻孔为脑部微创手术的重要步骤,现有钻孔设备多采朋手动方式,钻孔设备没有任何判断钻穿的装置,钻穿骨头后停止钻进完全靠医生的经验来实现。介绍了国内外该领域的研究现状与存在问题,提出了一种颅骨钻穿自动停刀的判断方法,提出了颅骨自动钻孔技术未来发展的趋势。     

基于透视图像亮度自动控制三种调整方法的研讨

目的研讨透视图像亮度自动控制应用的三种剂量率调整方法。方法自动调整毫安值、自动调整仟伏值、自动调整毫安和仟伏值。结果有助于保持最佳透视图像成像质量,提高临床诊断效率。结论采用自动仟伏调整和自动毫安、仟伏调整不失为行之有效的方法     

麻醉闭环自动控制系统的研究进展

正随着医学科学的不断发展,麻醉技术也在不断改进,在追求确保患者安全的同时,也重视医疗质量和成本的控制。传统的静脉、吸入麻醉药物的给药方式没有反馈控制,麻醉医生根据手术刺激程度和病人的生理状态等监测指标来进行药物调整。由于临床环境的复杂性和患者个体的差异性,即使是临床技能高和经验丰富的麻醉医生也难免发生给药过多而导致心血管或神经损伤等事件,或是药物不足而发生术中知晓。因此研究人员把临床麻醉和自动控制技术、设备     

2 368株自动培养临床分离菌细菌谱分析

目的：了解本地区血(体)液中临床感染细菌的分布情况。方法：采用Mini VITAL全自动荧光血培养仪和VITEK32自动细菌鉴定仪对我院1999年1月～2002年12月临床送检的8362人份16395瓶血(体)液标本的培养结果作回顾性分析。结果：16395瓶临床血(体)液标本需氧和厌氧培养,3894瓶细菌培养阳性,总阳性率23．8％(血液23．2％,体液28．6％),专性厌氧菌占除甲型副伤寒沙门菌外的其他感染菌的3．7％;共检出各种感染菌41属96种2368株,革兰阴性杆菌：革兰阳性球菌：酵母样真菌=86．0：11．8：0．6;有77．3％的兼性厌氧菌同时在需氧和厌氧环境都生长,10．3％和12．4％只在需氧或厌氧培养中生长。结论：除传染病因素外,血(体)液中的感染菌群组成以革兰阳性球菌为主;同时做血(体液)标本的需氧和厌氧培养,可以提高细菌培养阳性率。     

地鳖虫自动分层立体养殖器的研制

相互残食是地鳖虫人工养殖的特点。自动分层立体养殖器可使地鳖虫按龄期大小自动分类饲养。提高养殖密度,节省养殖空间,减轻劳动强度。     

植入式自动除颤器和自动体外除颤器

由恶性心律失常引起的突然死亡占冠状动脉疾病总死亡率的 2 /3。这些心律失常通常药物治疗无效或治疗后复发。当心率增快到一定程度时常导致心室纤维颤动 ,此时心脏完全停止泵血 ,颤动也难以控制。应用电击法完全停止纤颤并恢复心脏的正常工作 ,早已被人们所熟知。急诊室内的外部除颤器是一种标准设备 ,已沿用多年。应用外部除颤器有诸多问题 ,当死亡突然发生时 ,很难及时抢救 ,使用也较麻烦 ,并给病人带来创伤。因此 ,6 0年代后期 ,Mirowski等开始致力于开发一种植入式自动除颤器 (AutoImplantedCadiacDefib rillator ,AICO)植入病人体…     

心电自动测量与分析

一、引言 1895年,荷兰生理学家W.Einthoven发明了心电图,之后心电图被广泛应用于临床诊断。100年后的今天,心电图仍然是描述心脏电活动的主要依据。 近代科学技术的高度发展,尤其是计算机技术的突飞猛进,将心电图描记技术与计算机技术相结合并成了顺理成章的事。 心电图的自动诊断是计算机在临床医学中应用最早的一个例子。     

心电监护的技术发展及展望

本文论述了心电监护技术各主要方面的技术发展、有待解决的困难问题和前景展望。心电监护技术的发展主体体现在:电极的改善,QRS波检测性能的提高,存储显示技术的引入,心律失常检测的加强和ST段检测的扩展等。现存的困难问题有:可长期方便使用的电极,抗高频电刀干扰,室颤检测,P波及房性心律失常检测,平面显示器波形滚动显示等。将来的发展趋势主要为:模块化设计,抗干扰和高可靠性,全信号保存和联入医疗信息网等。     

示波器照相自动编码器

在教学或科研工作中,示波器照相记录仍是目前常用的记录方法之一。拍摄资料后,一般待胶卷冲洗好再进行核对整理,然后用手工书写编码,既浪费时间又易出错,且工作量较大。所以,实验工作者都希望有一种能对所拍底片根据先后顺序自动编码的装置。但目前国内还没有带自动编码装置的示波相机出售,即使进口示波相机,并非都带有自动编码器。我们对荧光型计算器进行改装并与国产SB408和日本的PC-2A示波照相机进行组合,使编码工作完全自动进行,经多年实际使用,效果很好。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism