蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究(Ⅲ)--金小蜂科Pteromalidae和大痣细蜂科Megaspilidae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂的姬小蜂科 Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科 Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科 Elachetinae5属 8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂 Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜蝇、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂 Cirrospiluslyncus Walker为中国新记录种 ,另有 5个寄主新记录     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究(II)——凹面姬小蜂亚科Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科Tetrastichinae

本文报道姬小蜂科 Eulophidae的凹面姬小蜂亚科 Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科 Tetrastichinae的 6属 10种蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂。底比斯釉姬小蜂 Chrysocharis p entheus Walker、美丽新姬小蜂 N eochrysocharisformosa(Westwood)和潜蝇纹翅姬小蜂 Teleopterus erxias(Walker)是蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生性小蜂的 3个优势种。曼丹啮小蜂 Tetrastichus mandanis(Walker)和卡拉啮小蜂 Tetrastichuschara Kostjukov为中国新记录种。另有寄生蜂的 2个寄主新记录。     

潜蝇姬小蜂属寄生蜂对潜叶蝇的控害特性及应用

潜蝇姬小蜂属Diglyphus寄生蜂是潜叶蝇类害虫的重要天敌。本文对其种类、 分布、 田间发生和优势度、 优势种的控害特性和生态适应性, 以及优势种的人工繁殖和田间应用等进行总结和展望, 以期为更好地应用该属寄生蜂防控我国潜叶蝇的研究和应用提供指导。迄今已鉴定该属寄生蜂36种, 全为抑性外寄生蜂, 其中针对豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂D. isaea、 贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂D. begini和中带潜蝇姬小蜂D. intermedius的研究较多。雌蜂不仅可通过繁殖型的寄生方式而且还可通过非繁殖型方式（取食寄主和产卵器插入直接杀死）致死寄主。雌蜂偏好寄生大个体寄主和取食相对较小个体的寄主, 且雌蜂对寄主幼虫的偏好具有“寄主大小依赖型性别分配”现象（host-size-dependent sex allocation）。从温度适应范围和控害潜力首推为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂。优势种的规模饲养技术已经被研发并得到了较广泛的田间应用。未来研究可主要集中于： （1）加强优势种尤其是温度适应范围广或较为耐热的种群或地理品系的研究, 以增加对三叶草斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii和美洲斑潜蝇L. sativae的控效; （2）加强雌蜂寄主取食行为特性及其生理机制的研究, 以更高效利用; （3）因地制宜研发规模化饲养技术和释放技术; （4）加强潜蝇姬小蜂同其他潜叶蝇寄生蜂的协同控害及竞争共存机制的研究, 已提升对潜叶蝇的生防控制效果。     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究（Ⅰ）——羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和狭面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae

本文报道蔬菜地潜叶绳寄生蜂的姬小蜂科Eulophidae的羽角姬小蜂亚科Eulophinae和猜面姬小蜂亚科Elachetinae5属8种寄生蜂。其中豌豆潜绳姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea是蔬菜潜叶蝇寄生蜂优势种。寄主主要是豌豆彩潜绳、美洲斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等的幼虫和蛹。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。兰克瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus lyncus Walker为中国新记录种,另有5个寄主新记录。     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究（Ⅱ）——金小蜂科Pteromalidae和大痣细蜂科Measpilidae

本报道从蔬菜潜叶蝇幼虫和蛹中羽化的金小蜂科5属5种,即两色卡丽金小蜂Callitula bicolor、圆形赘须金小蜂Halticoptera circulus、菲麦瑞金小蜂Merismus megapterus、横节斯夫金小蜂Sphegigaster stepicola、潜蝇底诺金小蜂Thinod ytes cyzicus。以及大痣细蜂科1属1种,即卡氏盾痣细蜂Dendrocerus car penteri。其中圆形赘须金小蜂是蔬菜地潜中蝇寄生性小蜂的优势种。另有寄生蜂的2种寄主新记录。植物寄主涉及各种蔬菜作物。     

美洲斑潜蝇外寄生蜂——贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂研究进展

贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂是为害多种农作物的几种潜叶蝇类害虫的重要寄生蜂.作为一种重要生物防治因子,在北美和西欧的一些国家和地区已经进行商品化生产,用来防治蔬菜及观赏性花卉上的美洲斑潜蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇.为了对其有一个较全面的了解,本文详细的论述了贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂的寄主范围,生物学,饲养繁殖及化学杀虫剂对其影响的进展.     

蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂种类研究（Ⅱ）—凹面姬小蜂亚科Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科Tetrastichinae

本报道姬小蜂科Eulophidae的凹面姬小蜂亚科Entedontinae和啮小蜂亚科Tetrastichinae的6属10种蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生蜂。底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysocharis pentheus Wallker、美丽新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood）和潜蝇纹翅姬小蜂Teleopterus erxias(Walker）是蔬菜地潜叶蝇寄生性小蜂的3个优势种。曼丹啮小蜂Tetrastichus mandanis(Walker）和卡拉啮小蜂Tetrastichus chara Kostjukov为中国新记录种。另有寄生蜂的2个寄主新记录。     

橘小实蝇寄生蜂切割潜蝇茧蜂的人工繁殖技术

切割潜蝇茧蜂[Psyttalia incisi(S ilvestri)]是福建疫区寄生于橘小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]幼虫—蛹期的重要本地寄生蜂。利用室内大量繁殖的橘小实蝇幼虫作为寄主,在室内条件下对其进行人工繁殖技术研究,并设计了人工繁蜂的质量控制和工艺流程。旨在将来提供足够数量的寄生蜂来满足田间放蜂的需要,尽早实现对橘小实蝇的持续、有效地治理。     

杭州郊区豌豆彩潜蝇的发生危害及寄生性天敌研究

豌豆彩潜蝇是豌豆、油菜及一些蔬菜的重要害虫。近年来,在杭州郊区菜区豌豆彩潜蝇的危害有加重的趋势。本通过1998－1999年的调查,对该虫的习性及寄生性天敌情况进行初步研究。     

菜豆田两种潜叶蝇和主要天敌生态位研究

从生态位研究角度出发 ,采用 Hurlbert( 1978)生态位重叠和 L evins( 1968)生态位宽度指标 ,对严重危害菜豆的两种潜叶蝇 :美洲斑潜蝇 L iriomyza sativae Blanchard和豌豆潜叶蝇 Phytomyza atricor-nis Meig与主要天敌在时间和空间维度上的生态位重叠和生态位宽度作了定量分析。评价了天敌对猎物的时间及空间跟随作用和控制效果。研究表明 :寄生蜂、蜘蛛、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫对豌豆潜叶蝇有较强的跟随作用和控制效果     

The occurrence of leafminers and their parasitoids on vegetables and weeds in Hangzhou area, Southeast China

Leafminers are the mostimportant insect pests of vegetables inHangzhou area, Zhejiang province, SoutheastChina as well as in the rest of China, but havenever been investigated for speciescomposition, relative abundance and theirassociated parasitoids. A survey was conductedin four localities of Hangzhou area during 1998–2000to determine the distribution ofleafminers and their parasitoids on vegetablecrops and weeds in the field. Over 20,000leafminers were collected and reared. Theleafminer species found were Liriomyzasativae, L. chinensis and Chromatomyia horticola, with C.horticola and L. sativae the mostabundant in spring and autumn, respectively.About 11,000 parasitoid adults were reared fromthe leafminers collected. In total 14hymenopteran species of four families (onebraconid, 10 eulophids, one megaspilid and onepteromalid) were found. Eleven species werereared from C. horticola, nine from L. sativae and seven from L. chinensis.Opius caricivorae and Chrysocharispentheus were the dominant species. Sevenspecies were recorded from L. chinensisfor the first time. Eleven parasitoid specieswere reared from leafminers on two weeds (Veronica undulata and Sonchusoleraceus). Parasitoids caused 48.5–68.8%parasitism on leafminers on crops and 83.7%parasitism on leafminers on weeds in the latergrowing season of vegetable crops. The resultssuggest that leafminer populations areregulated to a certain extent by their naturalenemies in the field.     

Quantitative food webs of dipteran leafminers and their parasitoids in Argentina

The quantitative structure of two host–parasitoid communities based on leaf-mining flies (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Argentina is described. The two communities consisted of 29 and 27 hosts, 46 and 40 parasitoids, and 193 and 179 recorded host–parasitoid associations. Also, food webs were constructed for one community based solely on samples taken in the wet and dry seasons. Data were expressed as quantitative food webs, and the manner in which food web properties, such as connectance and compartmentalization, were influenced by sampling intensity was explored. The potential importance of indirect effects between hosts mediated by parasitoids (e.g. apparent competition) was assessed using quantitative parasitoid overlap diagrams. The studys results suggest that indirect effects are likely to be important in these highly connected communities. The limitations of the studys analysis, and how the conclusions can be tested experimentally, are discussed.     

入侵害虫南美斑潜蝇在西藏首次发现及其寄生蜂调查

【目的】南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis为我国重要的入侵害虫,我们于2017年7月首次发现其已扩散至西藏。本研究旨在了解西藏地区南美斑潜蝇的发生现状及其寄生蜂种类。【方法】2017和2018年6月上旬-9月中旬对西藏拉萨、林芝、山南和日喀则4个地区的南美斑潜蝇的发生危害及其寄生蜂组成进行了调查采样。【结果】调查的西藏这4个地区均发现南美斑潜蝇分布和危害;温室发生时间为6月上旬-9月中旬,而露地的发生高峰在7月下旬-8月上旬。其寄主植物有9科21种,主要有豆科(Fabaceae)、茄科(Solanaceae)和伞形科(Umbelliferae)等,主要嗜好经济作物有豇豆Vigna unguiculata, 扁豆Lablab purpureus , 莴笋Lactuca sativa var. angustana和白菜Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis。其寄生蜂包括姬小蜂科(Eulophidae)、茧蜂科(Braconidae)和瘿蜂科(Cynipidae)共计3科9属16种,分别为双斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus, 豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea, 小斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus minoeus, 万氏潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus wani, Diglyphus sp., 纵纹瑟姬小蜂Cirrospilus vittatus, Hemiptarsenus sp., 芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa, 底比斯姬小蜂Chrysocharis pentheus, 普金姬小蜂Chrysocharis pubicornis, Chrysocharis sp., 潜蝇柄腹姬小蜂Pediobius metallicus, Pnigalio sp., 西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica, Dacnusa sp.和Gronotoma sp.;其中优势种为西伯利亚离颚茧蜂、双斑潜蝇姬小蜂和豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂,其个体数量占比分别为总采集个体数的48.7%, 22.1%和12.9%。【结论】西藏南美斑潜蝇的寄生蜂种类丰富,发挥着重要的自然控制作用。建议进一步加强优势寄生蜂生物学、控害潜力评价以及利用研究,为南美斑潜蝇的绿色防控提供指导。     

Ecology of the aphid pests of protected pepper crops and their parasitoids

Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aphis gossypii and Aulacorthum solani (Homoptera: Aphididae) are principal pests of protected pepper crops in southeastern Spain. Our goal was to determine the incidence of aphids on pepper crops and the role of vegetation surrounding greenhouses as a source of aphids and their parasitoids. The population dynamics were followed in six commercial greenhouses during 3 years. Another 82 greenhouses and their surrounding vegetation were surveyed occasionally. Myzus persicae had the highest incidence in pepper greenhouses followed by M. euphorbiae and A. solani. Parasitism of all aphid species in greenhouses was low, Aphidius matricariae and Aphidius colemani being the most abundant parasitoids. Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae were the most abundant and polyphagous aphids, being present on 77 and 55% of the plants sampled outside greenhouses, respectively; species of Brassicaceae were the main hosts for both aphids. Aulacorthum solani was only present on Malva parviflora and at low numbers. Outside greenhouses, A. matricariae was the most common parasitoid of M. persicae, followed by Diaeretiella rapae and A. colemani. Aphidius matricariae was the most polyphagous, being present in 10 out of 22 aphid species. Macrosiphum euphorbiae and A. solani were both parasitised by A. ervi and Praon volucre. Aphelinus asychis was found on A. solani. Parasitoids were found in other aphids not attacking pepper. The role of natural vegetation as a reservoir of aphid pests of pepper and of parasitoids is discussed.     

Effects of tree species diversity and genotypic diversity on leafminers and parasitoids in a tropical forest plantation

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A survey of Lygus parasitoids in Sweden

Lygus spp. (tarnished plant bugs) are generalist herbivores and occur as pests on a wide range of crops. In the development of conservation biological control strategies for Lygus spp. in Sweden, more information is needed on the impact of different natural enemies. In this study, we determined the occurrence and the degree of parasitism on adults and nymphs of the most common Lygus species in alfalfa, barley, red clover and oilseed rape in Uppsala in Central Sweden and in Umeå in Northern Sweden. Nymphs and adults of Lygus spp. were collected by sweep netting for estimation of their parasitism level (by dissection) and identification of parasitoid species (from reared Lygus specimens). The dominant Lygus species in both locations was L. rugulipennis (75–99%). Parasitism by Phasia obesa (Tachnidae) on overwintering Lygus adults was recorded in almost every field sampled at both locations. The parasitism level was low at overwintering sites but increased in arable fields during summer. Lygus nymphs collected in Umeå were parasitised by Peristenus pallipes (Braconidae) and in Uppsala by P. relictus, P. pallipes and P. varisae. The hyperparasite Mesochorus globulator (Ichneumonidae) was recorded in Umeå.     

Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularly Aphidius rhopalosiphi, to volatile chemical cues from the host plants of their aphid prey

Abstract. In Y-tube olfactometer tests, Aphidius ervi Hal., Trioxys sp., Praon sp., Aphelinus flavus (Nees), Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marsh.) and Aphidius rophalosiphi De Stef. responded positively to the odour of the plant on which aphid mummies containing them had been collected. The response to host plant odour was greater than the response to the odour of host aphids, their honeydew or a combination of the two. The strongest response was to a combination of plant and host aphids. A. rhopalosiphi showed a strong positive response to three wheat volatiles (cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexen-1-ol and trans-2-hexenal) as well as to indole-3-acetaldehyde (a breakdown product of tryptophan in aphid honeydew). In both olfactometer tests with odours and choice trials with whole plants, newly emerged A. rhopalosiphi distinguished and preferred the variety of wheat on which their development had occurred to other wheat varieties.