猪肺炎支原体Mhp367蛋白不同区段与恢复期血清反应能力的比较

【背景】课题组前期研究发现猪肺炎支原体Mhp367蛋白是体液免疫显性蛋白,但该蛋白不同区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清的反应能力尚不明确。【目的】鉴定Mhp367蛋白不同区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清的反应能力。【方法】利用不同的引物组合扩增mhp367基因片段,扩增的片段连接pGEX-6P-1、pGEX-4T-3或pGEX-5X-3载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。提取的质粒经Bam H I和Xho I双酶切及测序确定重组质粒是否构建成功。正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞构建重组菌。重组菌经IPTG诱导和超声破菌后,经与谷胱甘肽beads结合和SDS-PAGE电泳检测目的蛋白表达情况。表达目的蛋白的重组菌破菌后上清包被谷胱甘肽板,ELISA方法鉴定Mhp367蛋白不同区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清的反应能力。【结果】构建了9个能以可溶形式表达目的蛋白的重组菌;9个Mhp367蛋白片段均为体液免疫显性,第394-524位氨基酸区段与猪肺炎支原体恢复期血清反应最强,是一个良好的疫苗候选抗原区段。【结论】本研究为猪肺炎支原体基因工程亚单位疫苗的研发提供了候选抗原靶标。     

小鼠FAM3C基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在肾系膜细胞中的表达

目的:利用Ad Easy TMsystem构建携带小鼠FAM3C基因的重组腺病毒,转染至人胚肾细胞系HEK293细胞,检测外源FAM3C在细胞中的表达。方法:取小鼠肾脏提取RNA,创建c DNA文库,用PCR的方法扩增FAM3C基因,将其克隆到p EASY-1载体中,T3连接酶连接。经Bgl II单酶切后,接入p Ad Tra Ck-CMV穿梭载体,T4连接酶连接,构建重组腺病毒的穿梭质粒p Ad Tra Ck-CMV-FAM3C。将经Pme I线性化的p Ad Track-CMFAM3C电穿孔共转化入BJ5183重组细菌,获取重组腺病毒质粒Ad-FAM3C,再将经Pac I线性化的Ad-FAM3C重组病毒骨架质粒转染人胚胎肾细胞系HEK293细胞,包装并扩增病毒。用Ad-FAM3C感染小鼠肾系膜细胞,Western blot法检测FAM3C在小鼠肾系膜细胞中的表达。结果:DNA序列分析和琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明,已构建表达FAM3C基因的重组腺病毒,该腺病毒在体外能有效感染小鼠肾系膜细胞,且高表达FAM3C蛋白。结论:成功地构建了携带小鼠FAM3C基因的重组腺病毒,为进一步阐明FAM3C的功能及作用机制奠定实验基础。     

表达猪肺炎支原体免疫原性基因的重组猪霍乱沙门氏菌对小鼠的免疫原性

【目的】构建表达猪肺炎支原体免疫原性基因的重组猪霍乱沙门氏菌,对重组菌株的生物学特性以及对小鼠的免疫原性进行研究。【方法】分别将猪肺炎支原体的免疫原性基因p36、p46、p65和p97R1-Nrdf克隆到pYA3493,得到重组质粒pYA-36、pYA-46、pYA-65和pYA-97R1-Nrdf。重组质粒和空质粒pYA3493分别电转asd基因缺失株C500ˉ,获得重组菌株C36(pYA-36)、C46(pYA-46)、C65(pYA-65)、C97R1-Nrdf(pYA-97R1-Nrdf)和空质粒菌株CpYA(pYA3493)。研究重组菌株的生物学特性,并以小鼠为动物模型评价重组菌株在口服、肌注两种不同免疫途径下的免疫原性。【结果】成功构建表达猪肺炎支原体免疫原性基因的重组猪霍乱沙门氏菌,重组菌株能表达外源蛋白,生化和生长特性未发生改变,插入的外源基因亦稳定存在。小鼠的免疫原性结果显示:口服C36+C46+C65+C97R1-Nrdf组的猪肺炎支原体抗体极显著高于口服C36+C46+C65组和肌注商品疫苗组(P<0.01),但与肌注C36+C46+C65组无显著性差异(P>0.05);IFN-γ为肌注C36+C46+C65组显著高于肌注商品疫苗组(P<0.05),而与口服C36+C46+C65或C36+C46+C65+C97R1-Nrdf组差异均不显著(P>0.05);IL-4水平为口服C36+C46+C65组>口服C36+C46+C65+C97R1-Nrdf组>肌注商品疫苗组>肌注C36+C46+C65组,但各组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。对照组的猪肺炎支原体抗体、IFN-γ以及IL-4均与试验组差异极显著(P<0.01)。【结论】构建的表达猪肺炎支原体免疫原性基因的重组猪霍乱沙门氏菌,采用肌注免疫时具有较好的免疫原性,有望发展为猪肺炎支原体的基因工程疫苗。     

猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒ORF2与猪GM-CSF基因重组腺病毒共表达及免疫效果分析

旨在构建含融合基因pGMCSF-ORF2的重组腺病毒,并对其表达水平和免疫效果进行分析.运用PCR方法扩增PCV2 ORF2和pGM-CSF基因,拼接后克隆入pMD18-T载体,然后再亚克隆入腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV中,阳性穿梭质粒经PmeⅠ酶线性化后电转化含腺病毒基因组(AdEasy-1)的大肠杆菌细胞BJ5183-Ad-1,成功获得了重组腺病毒DNA.将纯化后的重组腺病毒DNA转染AD293细胞,经过病毒基因组的PCR和转录水平的RT-PCR及Western blot等方面对融合蛋白的表达进行了鉴定.以该病毒免疫Babl/c小白鼠,对免疫小鼠血清中PCV2抗体进行检测.结果显示,获得了pGMCSF-ORF2重组基因,重组腺病毒载体构建成功,获得了表达pGMCSF-ORF2融合蛋白的重组腺病毒.该病毒免疫小鼠后,在小鼠血清中检测到了PCV2的特异性抗体.获得的重组腺病毒能有效表达pGMCSF-ORF2融合蛋白,且可诱导小鼠产生针对PCV2的特异性抗体.     

腺病毒介导重组hKGF基因转染HaCat细胞及其表达

将PCR扩增得到的人角质细胞生长因子（hKGF）基因片断插入穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,产生重组质粒pAdTrack-CMV-hKGF,经Pme I线性化后,通过电转法导入含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的大肠杆菌BJ5183进行同源重组,得到重组腺病毒质粒pAdEasy-hKGF。采用Lipofectamine 2000将pAdEasy-hKGF转染到HEK-293细胞,在HEK-293细胞中包装并扩增出大量的腺病毒,经PCR鉴定含有hKGF基因。获得的重组hKGF腺病毒感染颗粒可高效感染HaCat细胞。Western-blot结果显示,重组腺病毒感染的HaCat细胞可分泌表达hKGF蛋白。     

同源重组法制备口蹄疫病毒多基因重组腺病毒

通过细菌内同源重组的方法成功构建了含有O型口蹄疫病毒P1—2A和3C蛋白酶基因和3D基因的重组腺病毒表达载体。首先将P1—2A、3C和3D基因亚克隆连接到穿梭质粒pShuttle—CMV上,再将重组穿梭质粒用PmeI线性化后电转化携带有腺病毒骨架载体pAdeasy—1的大肠杆菌BJ5183感受态菌,经细菌内同源重组产生pAdcmv—p12x3c和pAdcmy—p12x3cd重组腺病毒质粒,经序列测定证实目的基因已正确的插入到腺病毒骨架载体中。重组腺病毒质粒经PacI线性化后转染HEK293细胞,转染1w内细胞出现典型病变。取转染细胞裂解液上清连续传代至第4代时,细胞于24～48h内即病变完全,收取接毒后24h细胞进行。PCR和RT—PCR检测,表明目的基因已整合到腺病毒基因组内,且在mRNA水平上有表达。取第4、6、8和10代病毒,用蛋白酶K处理后可扩增出目的基因,证明此重组病毒可稳定存在。本研究为FMDV腺病毒活载体疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

AdEasy重组腺病毒系统对Ad-HIF1α的构建和鉴定

目的:采用AdEasy重组腺病毒系统构建重组腺病毒Ad-HIF1α并进行鉴定。方法:使用高保真PCR从EST克隆中扩增HIF1α基因编码区,并用限制性内切酶BamH I和Xba I对PCR片段限制性酶切,用T4 DNA连接酶将其连接至同样经BamH I和Xba I限制性酶切的穿梭载体pAdtrace-TO4,构建穿梭载体pAdtrace-HIF1α;将pAdtrace-HIF1α与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1在细菌BJ5183中同源重组,得到重组腺病毒质粒pAd-HIF1α;pAd-HIF1α经Pac I酶切后转染至E1表达包装细胞系HEK293中进行HIF1α基因表达腺病毒包装,重复扩增,氯化铯密度梯度离心法纯化,获得高滴度Ad-HIF1α;感染干细胞株C3H10T1/2,通过荧光蛋白的表达了解其感染效率,并应用PCR及Western blot验证目的基因的表达,并通过检测下游靶基因VEGF的表达,了解该载体表达的目的蛋白的生物活性。结果:重组腺病毒质粒pAd-HIF1α,经PCR及酶切分析验证构建正确;在HEK293中进行HIF1α基因表达腺病毒包装,经反复冻融4次使细胞裂解,获得高滴度重组腺病毒载体;通过红色荧光蛋白(Red fluorescence protein,RFP)表达,观察到Ad-HIF1α能够高效感染C3H10T1/2细胞,并通过PCR证实了HIF1α在C3H10T1/2细胞较对照组明显高表达;在感染Ad-HIF1α的C3H10T1/2细胞中,HIF-1α下游靶基因血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达明显增高,证实表达的目的蛋白具有生物活性。结论:应用AdEasy重组腺病毒系统成功构建Ad-HIF1α,并证实其具有生物活性,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

FMDV全ORF编码基因的克隆及其腺病毒载体的构建

为研制O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)复制缺陷型腺病毒活载体疫苗毒株,通过RT-PCR方法获得了O型FMDV的开放阅读框(ORF)基因,并定向克隆到腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV中,构建了重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMVORF,经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定,克隆得到的ORF编码基因序列与原始强毒株O型FMDV的ORF编码基因相似性达99.8%。将含有目的基因的穿梭质粒线性化后和腺病毒骨架载体pAdeasy-2共同电转化入大肠杆菌BJ5183感受态细胞中,得到重组腺病毒质粒pAd-ORF,经PCR和酶切鉴定正确。本研究成功获得了含有现代O型疫苗用FMDV毒株的全ORF编码基因的阳性克隆,并成功构建了含有完整编码基因表达盒的重组腺病毒穿梭质粒及其腺病毒骨架质粒。     

人RARα基因重组腺病毒表达质粒的构建及其对人白血病NB4细胞的影响研究

利用AdEasy系统构建携带人RARα基因的重组腺病毒表达质粒,感染人白血病NB4细胞后用生理浓度的维甲酸诱导,观察其对NB4细胞增殖和分化的影响。以急性早幼粒细胞株NB4的cDNA为模板,PCR扩增RARα基因,克隆至穿梭质粒pAdTrace-TO4中,构建重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrace-TO4-RARα。用EcoR V和Sal I双酶切及测序鉴定,然后与骨架质粒AdEasy-1同时转化大肠杆菌BJ5183菌株的感受态,经同源重组获得重组腺病毒质粒Ad-RARα。酶切验证后,Pac I酶线性化后转染AD293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒Ad-RARα,经3轮扩增后,测定病毒滴度,进行PCR鉴定。流式细胞术测定病毒感染效率,Western blot法检测重组腺病毒感染的人NB4细胞中RARα蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2的表达,CCK-8法检测重组腺病毒感染对NB4细胞增殖的影响,Annexin V/PI双染法测定细胞周期,PI测定细胞凋亡。重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrace-TO4-RARα经双酶切及测序证明构建正确,病毒感染效率可达70%,与空载体感染及未感染的NB4细胞相比,重组腺病毒感染的NB4细胞内RARα蛋白的表达明显升高(P0.05),且经生理浓度全反式维甲酸ATRA处理后,能够有效地促进感染重组腺病毒细胞的分化成熟和凋亡。该研究成功构建了携带人RARα基因的重组腺病毒表达质粒,感染NB4细胞后可促进细胞增殖,经生理浓度维甲酸诱导后能促进NB4细胞分化成熟和凋亡,为进一步研究该基因在急性髓细胞白血病发生发展中的作用奠定了基础。     

猪肺炎支原体Mhp366-N蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及应用

【背景】猪肺炎支原体是猪的一种重要的病原。该菌的研究工具较少,特别是缺少开展其致病机制研究需要的抗体。【目的】制备猪肺炎支原体Mhp366-N蛋白抗体并确定其应用范围和使用时的最佳稀释倍数。【方法】Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pET28a(+)-mhp366-N重组菌诱导表达Mhp366-N蛋白并纯化。纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体。用免疫印迹和免疫荧光方法检测猪肺炎支原体AH株感染3D4/21细胞后的Mhp366蛋白,确定2种方法中Mhp366-N多克隆抗体的最佳稀释倍数;之后检测临床采集的猪肺泡巨噬细胞中的猪肺炎支原体;最后以免疫组化试验检测猪肺炎支原体感染的肺细胞。【结果】纯化的Mhp366-N蛋白纯度超过85%,免疫小鼠制备的抗血清效价在1:128 000-1:512 000之间。在免疫印迹试验中Mhp366-N多克隆抗体的最佳工作浓度为1:100 000稀释,免疫荧光试验中Mhp366-N多克隆抗体的工作浓度范围在1:1 000-1:10 000 000,其可用于临床采集的猪肺泡巨噬细胞和细胞系中猪肺炎支原体的检测。免疫组化试验结果显示猪肺炎支原体能够进入猪肺泡巨噬细胞、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞。【结论】制备的Mhp366-N多克隆抗体为猪肺炎支原体致病机制研究提供了良好的研究工具。     

Target selection and deselection at the Berkeley Structural Genomics Center

At the Berkeley Structural Genomics Center (BSGC), our goal is to obtain a near-complete structural complement of proteins in the minimal organisms Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae, two closely related pathogens. Current targets for structure determination have been selected in six major stages, starting with those predicted to be most tractable to high throughput study and likely to yield new structural information. We report on the process used to select these proteins, as well as our target deselection procedure. Target deselection reduces experimental effort by eliminating targets similar to those recently solved by the structural biology community or other centers. We measure the impact of the 69 structures solved at the BSGC as of July 2004 on structure prediction coverage of the M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium proteomes. The number of Mycoplasma proteins for which the fold could first be reliably assigned based on structures solved at the BSGC (24 M. pneumoniae and 21 M. genitalium) is approximately 25% of the total resulting from work at all structural genomics centers and the worldwide structural biology community (94 M. pneumoniae and 86 M. genitalium) during the same period. As the number of structures contributed by the BSGC during that period is less than 1% of the total worldwide output, the benefits of a focused target selection strategy are apparent. If the structures of all current targets were solved, the percentage of M. pneumoniae proteins for which folds could be reliably assigned would increase from approximately 57% (391 of 687) at present to around 80% (550 of 687), and the percentage of the proteome that could be accurately modeled would increase from around 37% (254 of 687) to about 64% (438 of 687). In M. genitalium, the percentage of the proteome that could be structurally annotated based on structures of our remaining targets would rise from 72% (348 of 486) to around 76% (371 of 486), with the percentage of accurately modeled proteins would rise from 50% (243 of 486) to 58% (283 of 486). Sequences and data on experimental progress on our targets are available in the public databases TargetDB and PEPCdb.     

Tetrazolium reduction methods for assessment of substrate oxidation and strain differentiation among mycoplasmas, with particular reference to Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and some members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster

Aims:  To apply a rapid nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay of substrate metabolism by mycoplasmas that would help to differentiate Mycoplasmas .
Methods and Results:  Growth, substrate preferences and tetrazolium reduction were assessed for 18 strains of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Mycoplasma ovine serogroup 11. NBT reduction was detectable in 1 h with 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹. Use of α-ketobutyrate, lactate and pyruvate to support growth and NBT reduction were correlated: pyruvate was preferred and lactate was used by only four of the 18 strains. Selected members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster were also assessed and monotetrazoles tested as alternatives to NBT. The NBT method was applied to a further 19 species.
Conclusions:  This simple and reproducible method requires only small amounts of cells, enabling routine assessment of substrate use within 1 h, and the rapid assignment of numerous mycoplasmas to one of six physiological groups. The four physiological groups of M. bovigenitalium and Mycoplasma serogroup 11 strains were indistinguishable from each other, which supports the view that these belong to the same species.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Strain-specific substrate-utilization patterns by mycoplasmas can be obtained rapidly and reliably. The method has potential as a large-scale semi-automated procedure to monitor numerous strains and substrates simultaneously.     

Alternatives to arginine as energy sources for the non-fermentative Mycoplasma gallinarum

Abstract In contrast to previously studied non-fermentative arginine-hydrolysing (F-/A+) Mycoplasma species, M. gallinarum cells suspended in salts solution oxidised ethanol and L-lactic, pyruvic and 2-oxobutyric acids. The organic acids were additionally shown effectively to replace arginine as energy sources in growth media. However, their presence did not inhibit arginine hydrolysis, nor did arginine inhibit organic acid catabolism. The ability to oxidase organic acids is a potentially useful diagnostic character enabling sub-division of the F-/A+ Mycoplasma species. M. gallinarum also differed from previously studied F-/A+ mycoplasmas in possessing relatively high NADH oxidase activity and producing H₂O₂ as only a minor product of NADH oxidation.     

猪肺炎支原体及其他支原体黏附因子的研究进展

猪肺炎支原体能够引起猪支原体肺炎,其黏附因子在致病过程中起重要作用。本文综合国内外猪肺炎支原体黏附因子的研究进展,并与其他支原体的黏附因子进行了比较讨论,从而为猪肺炎支原体致病机理的进一步研究及该病的防制提供新思路。     

Development of two PCR assays for the identification of mycoplasmas causing contagious agalactia

Abstract A new detection test for the mycoplasmas causing contagious agalactia, Mycoplasma agalactiae , M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. mycoides subsp. mycoldes L.C., was developed. It was based on two polymerase chain reaction assays: the Ma-PCR for the detection of M. agalactiae and the MYC-PCR for the 'mycoides cluster' thus including M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides L.C. An M. agalactiae strain was identified by a 933-bp Ma-PCR product and no amplification with the MYC-PCR. In contrast, a 460-bp MYC-PCR product and a negative or a 350-bp Ma-PCR product characterized a 'mycoides cluster' strain. M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides L.C. were identified by their species-specific Asel pattern of the 460-bp MYC-PCR product.     

PCR技术在鼠肺支原体检测中应用的初步研究

目的　探讨PCR技术在鼠肺支原体检测中的应用,希望能建立一种可行、快速、敏感的检测方法。方法　使用支原体通用引物及鼠肺支原体特异性引物对14 份大鼠喉气管拭子洗液和拭子支原体培养液进行PCR扩增,2 % 琼脂糖电泳鉴定。另设M53 和ATCC19612 二株标准鼠肺支原体菌株作阳性对照。结果　通用引物对大鼠喉气管拭子洗液检出率8/14 ,拭子支原体培养液检出率14/14,鼠肺支原体特异引物PCR扩增对大鼠喉气管拭子洗液检出率0/14 ,拭子支原体培养液3/14。通用引物扩增M53 和ATCC19612 二株标准株均呈现阳性,而鼠肺支原体特异引物扩增M53 和ATCC19612,只有M53 呈现阳性。结论　PCR通用引物检测比普通分离培养省时省力,而我们采用国外某学者认为对鼠肺支原体有特异性的引物,是否可用于鼠肺支原体的特异性PCR 检查仍需进一步探讨。     

Biochemical diversity of Mycoplasma fermentans strains

In this study, the metabolism of a diverse range of Mycoplasma fermentans strains was investigated. It was shown that the ability to utilise glucose, fructose and N-acetylglucosamine differentiated strains, and that the patterns and kinetics of substrate utilisation were correlated with the site of isolation, i.e. joint fluid, respiratory tract, urinary tract or cell culture. Interestingly, isolates from the urogenital tract of AIDS patients used fructose in preference to glucose. There was also some correlation of fructose and N-acetylglucosamine utilisation of isolates with M. fermentans sub-groups, identified in an independent study, and based on the distribution of insertion sequence-like elements in the M. fermentans genome.     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎病原体4株国内分离株的重新分类

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎(Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia,CCPP)是由山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种(M.capricolum subsp.capripneumoniae,Mccp)引起的高度接触性传染病,对4株CCPP中国分离株进行分子特征研究,确定其分类地位。针对3段基因(A、B、C),对扩增产物进行酶切鉴定和测序,将结果与丝状支原体簇的6个成员进行遗传衍化分析。在A片段,4株中国分离株的扩增产物经PstI酶切后的结果与Mccp代表株F38相同,为548、420、128等3条带,其他5个丝状支原体簇成员只有420、128bp两条带。在B片段,序列分析结果显示4株中国分离株与F38同源性为99.5%,与山羊支原体山羊亚种Mcc代表株kid的同源性为98.9%,与丝状支原体山羊亚种MmcZZ株同源性仅为95.4%。在C片段研究发现,4株中国分离株的序列与Mmc模式株PG3株同源性为67.4%~67.6%,与2株Mcc8601-50和California Kid同源性为95.1%~98.4%,与3株Mccp97097ET、Gabes和F38的同源性为99.6%~99.8%。通过对中国分离的87001、87002、367、1653等4株CCPP病原体的分子特征研究,首次提出其与山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种(Mccp)亲缘关系最近,应归属为Mccp,并将国内流行的山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的病原定名为Mccp。