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1.
Fifteen microsatellite loci were developed for pink ling (Genypterus blacodes), a fish of significant commercial importance to Australasia. Nine loci were examined in samples from five regions of Australia’s South East Fishery. All nine were highly polymorphic; numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 11 to 52 in total samples of 270–306 individuals. The average observed heterozygosity per locus per sample (0.823) was a little lower than the average Hardy–Weinberg expected heterozygosity per sample (0.895), perhaps reflecting the possible presence of null alleles at two loci. There was no significant evidence of genetic stock heterogeneity. 相似文献
2.
Mafalda Costa Carlos Fernandes Mónica Rodrigues Margarida Santos-Reis Michael W. Bruford 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2012,58(3):629-633
We report a panel of 12 microsatellite markers, including nine novel polymorphic loci isolated in the European polecat and three loci previously developed in closely related species, for genetic studies of polecats and ferrets. We tested the panel at fine geographic scales in polecat and domestic ferret populations of Britain and Portugal and at a broad geographic scale, using 50 polecat samples from across Western Europe. At the fine geographic scales, we recorded one to five alleles per locus and observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0 to 0.80 and from 0 to 0.74, respectively. These values increased markedly in the European sample of polecats. No linkage disequilibrium was detected between any pair of loci and all genotypic frequencies complied with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations. The microsatellite panel allowed the molecular discrimination of polecats and domestic ferrets in Britain, where hybridisation between the two species has been documented. Thus, these loci may be useful not only in genetic studies of polecats and ferrets but also in studies to assess hybridisation between these two mustelid species. 相似文献
3.
Eleven microsatellite loci were developed in the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, and tested in samples from two geographically distant populations (Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea). Number of alleles ranged from eight to 28 and observed heterozygosity from 0.440 to 0.920. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium, although two loci are indeed linked. All loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except for one locus in the Atlantic and two loci in the Mediterranean sample. These three loci plus two more showed evidence for null alleles. 相似文献
4.
Pelz-Serrano K Munguia-Vega A Piaggio AJ Neubaum M Munclinger P Pártl A VAN Riper Iii C Culver M 《Molecular ecology resources》2009,9(2):551-554
We developed nine new nuclear dinucleotide microsatellite loci for Castor canadensis. All loci were polymorphic, except for one. The number of alleles ranged from two to four and from five to 12 in populations from Arizona and Wisconsin, respectively. Average heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.86 per locus. Since cross-species amplification in Castor fiber was successful only in four loci, we tested also nine recently published C. canadensis loci in the Eurasian species. Eight of the published loci amplified; however, three were monomorphic. The number of alleles was lower in C. fiber than in C. canadensis at all loci tested. 相似文献
5.
The genetic variability at six cloned minisatellite loci was analyzed in
minke whale populations from the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and
Antarctic Oceans. Three loci displayed only a few different alleles in each
of the three populations, with heterozygosity ranging from 0.00 to 0.47,
and three loci revealed many different alleles in at least two fo the three
populations, with heterozygosity ranging up to 0.98. Using small sample
sizes, samples from two adjacent Antarctic Management Areas were not found
to differ significantly in allele frequencies at any of the six loci. The
use of principal coordinate analysis to detect multilocus disequilibria was
explored. No significant evidence was found of intrapopulation
heterogeneity within the pooled Antarctic sample. Pronounced interoceanic
differences were observed at every locus, confirming the existence of
genetic isolation found earlier using more conventional marker systems. The
populations from the three oceans appear to have diverged to such a degree
that the hypervariable loci have had time to evolve independently and
arrive at different evolutionary stages in different populations. The
frequency of undetected "null" alleles is remarkably high in minke whale
populations compared to human populations and is probably a result of the
cloning protocol used. Minisatellite loci are shown to provide a powerful
population genetic tool, supplying levels of resolution appropriate to
different degrees of evolutionary divergence.
相似文献
6.
We describe 10 primers for amplification of microsatellite loci for the mangrove, Avicennia germinans. Eight loci were isolated from a DNA sample from the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico and two loci were isolated from a DNA sample from the Atlantic coast of Bermuda. Polymorphism was investigated in a population from the Mexican Pacific coast (n = 15) and in four samples scattered throughout the range of the species. Total number of alleles for the species ranged from two to 10. Observed heterozygosity in the Mexican Pacific coast population ranged from 0.27 to 0.60, with two loci having fixed alleles. 相似文献
7.
Supungul P Sootanan P Klinbunga S Kamonrat W Jarayabhand P Tassanakajon A 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2000,2(4):339-347
8.
Twelve new dinucleotide microsatellite loci of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, were obtained from enriched genomic libraries. Three polymerase chain reaction multiplex sets comprising three, five and four loci were optimized and characterized across 133 B. tabaci females from Israeli rearings and natural populations collected in four Mediterranean countries (Tunisia, France, Spain and Morocco). There were three to 24 alleles per locus and the observed heterozygosity was from 0.084 to 0.420. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected at four loci associated with significant heterozygote deficiencies due to null alleles and presence of subpopulations that were mostly in the Tunisian sample. The 12 loci carried independent information. 相似文献
9.
1. Population samples of Bactrocera albistrigata from Peninsular Malaysia were analyzed for 12 to 14 gene-enzyme systems comprising 15-18 loci. 2. Three loci, aMDH, PGD and PGM, were polymorphic. 3. Anodal malate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were represented by two alleles each, while phosphoglucomutase was represented by three alleles. 4. Phosphoglucomutase had a higher heterozygosity than anodal malate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. 5. B. albistrigata was characterized by low genetic variability, as measured by the proportion of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity. 相似文献
10.
A. Mery J. Trouillet G. Vattier-Bernard N. Pasteur 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》1982,10(1):83-90
Six loci were investigated in five populations of four species of sand-flies belonging to genus Sergentomyia from the Peoples Republic of Congo. All showed three to eight alleles when all species were considered and each locus was polymorphic in at least two populations. All loci but one display high expected heterozygosity. Possible sex-linkage and lack of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are discussed. Genetic similarity is calculated, based on Nei's index, and the derived dendogram is in good agreement with the ecology of these species. 相似文献
11.
Kahraman Gürcan Shawn A. Mehlenbacher Roberto Botta Paolo Boccacci 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(4):513-531
Eighty-six new microsatellite loci were developed for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) by screening two genomic libraries enriched for dinucleotide repeats. The loci, 73 developed from a GA-enriched library and 13 from a CA-enriched library, showed a high level of polymorphism in 50 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 21, with a mean of 10.55. Mean values for expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content were high, averaging 0.76, 0.69, and 0.73, respectively. In a mapping population, loci segregated 1:1, 1:2:1, and 1:1:1:1. Segregation distortion and null alleles were observed at some loci. Eighty-one of the 86 loci were assigned to linkage groups. A neighbor-joining dendrogram reflected great diversity among the 50 accessions and showed clustering by geographic origin. 相似文献
12.
We report the isolation of microsatellite loci from three species in the genus Conradina (Lamiaceae). To ensure their utility for multiple species, loci were screened for amplification and variability in all six Conradina species; 11 loci demonstrated high levels of amplification and polymorphism in most species. These 11 loci were characterized in 20 individuals from one population of Conradina brevifolia; alleles per locus ranged from five to 15, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.30 to 0.90. These microsatellites will be used to clarify species limits, detect interspecific hybridization, and understand the partitioning of genetic variation in each species of Conradina. 相似文献
13.
Ludger Leinemann Wilfried Steiner Bernhard Hosius Oleksandra Kuchma Wolfgang Arenhövel Barbara Fussi Bolko Haase Ralf Kätzel Martin Rogge Reiner Finkeldey 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2013,299(2):369-378
Corylus avellana L. (hazel) is a long-lived, monoecious and wind-pollinated shrub species, widespread all over Europe. In Germany, hazel is intensively traded and planted, and thus is of central interest from a nature conservancy point of view. To assess the within- and between-population differentiation of hazel, 20 natural populations (18 from Germany, one from Italy and one from Hungary) were investigated genetically. Seven isozyme systems comprising 11 gene loci were analysed in up to 100 samples (average 92.6) per population, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were analysed in up to 50 samples (average 47.4) and nine cpDNA-SSR markers were assessed in 20 samples per population. Results for overall isozyme variability with Na 2.46 alleles per locus, allelic diversity (Ne) 1.39, expected heterozygosity He 21 % and 79 % polymorphic loci were in accordance with the findings of previous studies. The respective values for AFLPs were lower, but both marker systems revealed the same level of about 3.5 % differentiation between populations. For cpSSR only the Italian sample showed within-population variation and the two haplotypes were completely differentiated from all other populations expressing a unique genetic structure with one single haplotype. Among the three marker systems AFLPs showed the best ability to differentiate between populations. While only one isozyme locus revealed significant differentiation, 41 AFLP loci showed highly significant differentiation between all populations, but 26 loci when only German populations were considered. Consequently geographic differentiation analyses focused mainly on molecular markers. Mantel tests showed significant correlations between genetic and geographic distance, but in the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean analyses, adjacent populations did not always form clusters. While chloroplast markers were able to clearly distinguish only the Hungarian population, the nuclear markers revealed clear spatial genetic structures. The correlations between geographic and genetic distance was high for AFLPs. The correlograms illustrate this effect for all populations as well as for the German populations. 相似文献
14.
We used 454 pyrosequencing to establish microsatellite markers for the montane gastropod Semilimax kotulae. Ten polymorphic loci were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five, the observed heterozygosity from 0.00 to 0.23, and the expected heterozygosity from 0.17 to 0.73. Half of the loci showed a significant heterozygote deficit. Individuals of the same sample plot which were homozygous for the same allele were observed at all loci, indicating self-fertilization (selfing) as reproductive mode. The target species is adapted to cool, montane habitats and is probably highly prone to changes of its environment due to global warming because of the lack of space to evade. The panel of identified microsatellites will be useful to assess the genetic constitution of S. kotulae and quantify the influence of global warming on this montane species. 相似文献
15.
Ndiade-Bourobou D Vaillant A Favreau B Gayrin E Bouvet JM 《Molecular ecology resources》2009,9(4):1135-1138
Baillonella toxisperma is a scattered endemic species of the Guineo-Congolian forest. We developed 15 nuclear microsatellite markers specifically for B. toxisperma to analyse the genetic diversity of 188 individuals distributed in two natural populations in Gabon. On average, 8.3 alleles per locus were identified; observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.056 to 0.872 and expected heterozygosity from 0.282 to 0.823 among populations. Only three loci showed a significant departure to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but no linkage disequilibrium was observed for any pair of loci. 相似文献
16.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from three cryptic species of Ceratosolen emarginatus
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From an enriched (AG)n/(AC)n library, we developed nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for three cryptic species of the fig‐pollinating wasp Ceratosolen emarginatus. We genotyped one population for each of the three cryptic species across all the nine loci. In total, 204 alleles were detected from the three cryptic species of C. emarginatus. The observed heterozygosity was 0.755 ± 0.034, 0.653 ± 0.030 and 0.603 ± 0.073 in C. emarginatus populations A, B and C, respectively; the expected heterozygosity was 0.850 ± 0.031, 0.724 ± 0.035 and 0.702 ± 0.104, respectively. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any two loci of all three cryptic species. The newly isolated microsatellite markers will be very useful for estimating the genetic variation within and among the cryptic species and for revealing the mechanisms of speciation and inbreeding coexistence hypothesis of the cryptic species. 相似文献
17.
? Premise of the study: We isolated and characterized microsatellite markers for the California poppy, Eschscholzia californica, which is an invasive species in central Chile. ? Methods and Results: A total of eight polymorphic and six monomorphic loci were developed for the species. Between one and 12 alleles were observed per locus. Polymorphic loci showed heterozygosity ranging from 0 to 0.875 in a sample of 96 individuals obtained from four populations. Only one locus showed significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at all sites. ? Conclusions: The successful microsatellite amplification makes this set of primers an important tool for understanding the recent and future patterns of invasion and adaptation of E. californica into the new Chilean geographic area. The variation detected is currently being used in a more inclusive study that assesses population expansion in central Chile. 相似文献
18.
Abdul Muneer PM Sivanandan R Gopalakrishnan A Basheer VS Musammilu KK Ponniah AG 《Biochemical genetics》2011,49(1-2):83-95
Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite markers were developed and used for the analysis of genetic variability in the critically endangered yellow catfish Horabagrus nigricollaris, sampled from the Chalakkudy River, Kerala, India. Eight RAPD and five microsatellite markers were detected to genotype the species. In RAPD, the 73 fragments were 20.55% polymorphic, whereas 4 polymorphic loci (80%) were obtained in microsatellites. In microsatellites, the number of alleles across the 5 loci was 1-5, and the range of heterozygosity was 0.25-0.5. The mean observed number of alleles was 2.4, and the effective number was 1.775 per locus. The average heterozygosity across all investigated samples was 0.29, indicating a significant deficiency of heterozygotes in this species. RAPD and microsatellite methods report a low degree of gene diversity and lack of genetic heterogeneity in the population of H. nigricollaris, emphasizing the need for fishery management, conservation, and rehabilitation of this species. 相似文献
19.
In this study we tested the cross-amplification of 33 microsatellite loci previously developed for two closely related Neotropical orchid genera (Epidendrum and Laelia). A set of ten loci were polymorphic across five examined species (20 individuals each) with 2 to 15 alleles per locus. The mean expected and observed heterozygosity (average across species) ranged from 0.34 to 0.82 and from 0.27 to 0.85, respectively. In addition we tested all loci in 35 species representative of the genus Epidendrum. Of these, 26 loci showed successful amplification. Cross-application of these loci represent a potential source of co-dominant markers for evolutionary, ecological and conservation studies in this important orchid genus. 相似文献
20.
Five polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified in the black scallop Mimachlamys varia after construction of a genomic library enriched for (GT)n. To examine the transmission pattern of microsatellite alleles, several families were created and genotypes scored for three loci. The expected Mendelian ratios were found in 12 of 14 segregations examined. Unexpected segregations may be explained by a genotyping error (allelic dropout), given that when a specific allele was treated as dominant, the phenotypic ratios conformed to Mendelian expectations. The five loci were also examined in two samples from the Spanish coast. The two localities displayed similar mean values for the number of alleles per locus (7.2-8.4), allelic richness (7.2-7.9), and observed (0.389-0.484) and expected heterozygosity (0.545-0.618). Significant Hardy-Weinberg deviations were observed at three loci, with heterozygote deficiency occurring in all cases. Global multilocus θ value and allele frequencies at one locus revealed significant differentiation between the two localities. 相似文献