猕猴桃属植物果实营养成分的研究

本文报道猕猴桃属（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ）３５个种类的果实的主要营养成分含量,猕猴桃果实维生素Ｃ的含量范围在１２．５４～１４０４．５２ｍｇ／１００ｇＦ．Ｗ,可溶性固形物含量范围在５．０％～１５．８％,总糖含量在０．９３％～９．０６％,总酸含量在０．２９％～２．５７％。果实最适宜的糖酸比为５～７,果实干物质１７种氨基酸含量范围在１．７９４％～９．０４％。文章还讨论了猕猴桃果实营养成分含量与开发利用价值的关系、果实的糖酸比与果实风味品质的关系、果肉汁液颜色与营养成分含量的关系等。     

影响病毒免疫治疗肿瘤疗效诸多因素的实验研究

甲型流感病毒ＰＲ８株两次注射治疗Ｓ１８０腹水瘤小鼠（６周龄）,第一次注射后小鼠存活率为５２％,间隔不同时间二次注射ＰＲ８,小鼠存活率均有不同程度提高,达６０％—９０％;小鼠植入Ｓ１８０细胞后第２、５、７、１０天分别给予病毒治疗,其存活率分别是７０％、３５％、１７．５％和０,对照组则１００％死亡。为观察荷瘤鼠体内抗病毒抗体对疗效的影响,首先用ＰＲ８免疫小鼠,待产生抗体后植入Ｓ１８０细胞再行病毒治疗,小鼠存活率为６２．５％;而未经病毒免疫过的荷瘤鼠,其存活率仅３３．３％。ＰＲ８治疗“老”龄荷瘤鼠（１０月龄）,存活率为０,平均生存时间为２２．３天,对照组为２０．５天。环磷酰胺可增加病毒对瘤细胞的感染率,二者协同作用,能提高小鼠存活率。     

空心莲子草口服治疗乳鼠流行性出血热病毒感染的研究

空心莲子草经口服治疗流行性出血热病毒（ＥＨＦＶ）感染的乳鼠。结果显示,５、７．５、１０．０ｍｇ三个剂量组的存活率各为８０％、７２．２％和４０．０％,平均存活天数（ＭＴＤ）为５６．５±０．９、５３．５±１．１和４１．５±２．７ｄ,而病毒对照组的存活率为０．０％,ＭＴＤ为２６．３±０．８ｄ,经该药治疗的感染鼠体内的ＥＨＦＶ抗原表达减少,而未经治疗的感染乳鼠体内的ＥＨＦＶ抗原则在全病程中都显示出较强的表述。治疗组抗病毒效果类似于病毒唑,且口服病毒唑毒性小。说明空心莲子草在体内对ＥＨＦＶ感染鼠有治疗作用。     

广西龙虎山猕猴种群生态特征

１９８８～１９９５年,采用定点观察法和绝对计数与相对计数结合法对龙虎山猕猴种群生态作了调查研究。１９９０年核心区有猕猴１４群,５００只左右,猴群密度１．６群／ｋｍ２,种群密度５５．６只／ｋｍ２．猴群大小平均３３．８±２３．１（ｎ＝６）只。一般每隔４～５年分群一次,猴群群体年均增长率１４．８％,种群年均增长率为９．７％。猴群中成年猴性比为７．６±６．５（ｎ＝１２）,１～３岁组的性比为０．７４±０．６１（ｎ＝４）,群内未成年猴比例为６７．７±３．１％（ｎ＝１２）。发情交配期最早１１月１２日,最晚次年１月２０日,高峰期１２月上旬,持续３个月．产仔期最早４月１日,最晚８月１４日,高峰期５月上旬,持续时间４个半月．繁殖率４５．５％～１００％,平均７５．４±１３．２％（ｎ＝２１）。新生猴死亡率较低,新生猴性比（雌：雄）平均０．７４±０．３４（ｎ＝５）。     

金华北山区部分绿色蔬菜的营养成分和有害物质测定

对马铃薯、菜豆、萝卜和番茄等４种绿色蔬菜进行营养成分和有害物质的全面测定。结果表明：绿色蔬菜具有高营养、无毒的特点。（１）４种绿色蔬菜的含钙量分别为一般蔬菜同一品种的２４０％、１９８．５％、１６３．７％和１５７．８％,含铁量分别为１７．４倍、８．７倍、１０．７倍和１２．７倍,含磷量分别为１１８．２％、１０２％、１６３．６％和１７７．８％,并具有较高的镁、锌、铜和锰等元素的含量。（２）４种绿色蔬菜的镉、砷、汞、氟、六六六、ＤＤＴ、敌敌畏、乐果、马拉硫磷、对硫磷、甲胺磷、杀螟硫和倍硫磷等１３项有害物质全部符合绿色食品标准。（３）４种绿色蔬菜的ＶＢ１含量分别增加２０％、２２．２％、１６．７％和６％,ＶＢ２分别增加３０％、１２％、１３５％和２６．７,Ｖc分别增加８．６％、６８．９％、１２．１％和１８．１％,胡萝卜素分别为一般同种蔬菜的１６倍、２．９倍、１３．５倍和４．５倍。（４）其蛋白质含量也分别增加１８．５％、１３．９％、７．５％和３０％,灰分分别为２．０８倍、３．１５倍、２．８５倍和２．９６倍,总糖分别为一般同种蔬菜的９１％、１０１．１％、１９１．３％和９５．２％,粗纤维分别为１１３．３％、８９．２％、８６．７％和１０５％。     

三化螟危害损失与防治指标的研究

２代三化螟平均每块卵为害 １１．２５个枯心丛,３４．７５个枯心株; ３代每块卵平均为害 ７．９５个白穗丛,１４．５５个白穗株。模拟为害与水稻产量损失的关系：２代Ｙ＝ｓ８０６０．５－２１８１．５Ｘ,Ｙ－水稻产量（ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）,Ｘ－枯心株率,水稻耐害补偿作用明显,枯心株率与产量损失率之比１：０．２７;３代Ｙ＝７６５４．２－３９０２．２Ｘ,Ｙ－水稻产量（ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）,Ｘ－白穗株率,水稻表现一定的耐害补偿能力,白穗株率与产量损失率之比１：０．５１。三化螟危害允许水平１．２８％。防治指标：２代卵块４８７５万块／ｈｍ２,３代卵块６５１９块／ｈｍ２。     

墨龙系列酒中氨基酸组分评价

采用岛津Ｌ_（ｃ－ｂＡ）高效液相色谱仪测定墨龙醇、麒麟玉液、猕猴桃乳酒中１３种氨基酸总量分别为５０８．２、４９１．７、２４７．４ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ,其中１２种人体必需、半必需氨基酸与１０种药效氨基酸的含量和分别占总含量的５９．７％、６５．５％、７６．２％和４３．８％、４８．１％、４７．５％。     

阴道加德纳菌生物型与细菌性阴道病的关系

对１２０例细菌性阴道病患者和９０例正常对照组进行阴道加德纳菌的分离鉴定,同时采用Ｐｉｏｔ分型法对分离出的９３株Ｇｖ进行生物分型,结果显示ＢＶ患者Ｇｖ的检出率（５９．２％）明显高于正常对照组（２４．４％）,Ｐ〈０．０１。９３株Ｇｖ中,８个生物型全检测到,其中１型２３．７％,２型１８．３％,４型３２．３％,６型１０．８％,３型和５型均为５．４％,７型和８型为２．２％。ＢＶ患者主要为１、２、４型,显著高于正常对照组（８７．３％和３１．８％,Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

热带山地雨林生态系统水文动态特征的研究

采用小集水区定位研究方法,研究分析了尖峰热带山地雨林天然更新林生态系统５个水文年水分循环的动态特征。年降水量分配在１６９．８～３５０．０ｃｍ,林冠层截留率年变化１１．０％～１７．６％范围,旱、雨季变化在１４．４％～３１．４％和１１．５％～１９．４％之间;其中树干茎流率年平均为７．１％,雨季平均为６．８％,雨季月变化在２．２％～１２．４％。总径流动态特性以每年７～９月的增加响应较快,１１月至翌年２月径流衰减缓慢。水量平衡参数为：年均降水量２６６８．３ｍｍ,１４．３％为冠层截留,４６．７％为径流输出,５３．３％为蒸发散失。土壤渗透水性能为,７０ｃｍ厚土层,当雨量小于３０ｍｍ,进入土层的水分全部被吸持,雨量在３５～５０ｍｍ,２５％的降水量渗漏,雨量在５０～１００ｍｍ内,２６．５％～５６．３％的降水量下渗,其吸持和滞留贮存水性能与土壤的结构、持水量、孔隙度密切相关。     

香鼬的栖息地选择、觅食和育幼行为

香鼬（Ｍｕｓｔｅｌａａｌｔａｉｃａ）喜栖于人类居住区附近的高寒草甸草场,主要以高原鼠兔（Ｏｃｈｏｔｏｎａｃｕｒｚｏｎｉａｅ）为食,其数量分布与高原鼠兔的密度分布成正相关。在高原鼠兔的繁殖盛期,香鼬主要捕食鼠兔幼体,每只成体平均每天捕获鼠兔６．２只,相当于每１００克体重日获取食物重量２７３．５克,在高原鼠兔的繁殖后期和非繁殖期,每只成体平均每天捕获鼠兔２．７５只,相当于每１００克体重日获取食物重量２９６．３克。繁殖期育幼任务全部由雌性成鼬承担,幼鼬从７月初开始地面活动,８月初开始扩散。     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat

This study determined the optimum number of tubules to be counted per testis cross section, and the number of animals per treatment group, when changes in stage frequencies in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium are criteria for assessing effects of treatment on spermatogenesis. A data base of 9,672 observed and staged tubules was collected from testicular cross sections of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. A significant variation between animals was found for the frequencies of Stages I, II, IV, VI, VIII, and XIII. Computer simulation was used to randomly select different combinations of animal and tubule numbers from the observed data. Stage frequency means from each simulation experiment were compared statistically to observed mean frequencies. A model that used data from all 14 stages was analyzed. The following conclusions were made: a) a minimum of 200 tubule cross sections/testis is recommended for estimating stage frequencies; b) for a fixed number of tubules scored, the number of animals sampled is more important than the number of tubules per animal in reducing variance; c) to detect a difference of 2 standard deviations from the mean with a 2% error rate and examining 200 tubules/testis, at least 12 animals must be used per group when assessing all 14 stages; d) when individual stages are examined using 10 animals per group, only Stage VII has 80% or greater power of test (alpha = 0.05) to detect a frequency difference; e) pooling stages into 3-4 groups is recommended to improve the power of detecting a treatment difference.     

Role of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the function of generalization in the cat

In chronic experiments on cats contribution of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus to the organization of the processes of generalization and abstraction was studied by means of alternation method. Electrolytic ablation of the nucleus retarded the learning and impeded the initial stages of formation of the generalization function. Mechanisms of thalamic dementia are discussed.     

Self-organization in the determination of the size of the axial structures in the embryogenesis of the clawed toad

Experiments were performed using X. laevis embryos during gastrulation and neurulation (stages 10, 11 1/2, 12 1/2, 13 1/2, 15 and 18). Part of presumptive epidermis and lateral plate mesoderm was removed, and embryos raised until stage 25. The size of axial structures (notochord, somite mesoderm, central nervous system) was determined using serial histological sections and compared with that of control embryos. In experimental embryos, the size of axial structures was decreased. Until a specific stage of development, close correlation was found between the volume of embryonic compartment corresponding to a particular, structure and the volume of presumptive epidermis and lateral plate mesoderm. This stage is individual for each axial organ: middle gastrula (stage 11 1/2) for notochord, late gastrula (stage 12 1/2) for somite mesoderm, and late neurula (stage 18) for central nervous system. This data suggest that differentiation pattern of ecto-mesodermal rudiment is subject to regulation during gastrulation-neurulation, and subdivision of ectoderm and mesoderm into axial and non-axial tissues is a self-organizing process.