Genotypic Variation in Phytoremediation Potential of Indian Mustard Exposed to Nickel Stress: A Hydroponic Study

Ten Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were screened for their nickel (Ni) phytoremediation potential under controlled environmental conditions. All ten genotypes were grown hydroponically in aqueous solution containing Ni concentrations (as nickel chloride) ranging from 0 to 50 μM and changes in plant growth, biomass and total Ni uptake were evaluated. Of the ten genotypes (viz. Agrini, BTO, Kranti, Pusa Basant, Pusa Jai Kisan, Pusa Bahar, Pusa Bold, Vardhan, Varuna, and Vaibhav), Pusa Jai Kisan was the most Ni tolerant genotype accumulating up to 1.7 μg Ni g^?1 dry weight (DW) in its aerial parts. Thus Pusa Jai Kisan had the greatest potential to become a viable candidate in the development of practical phytoremediation technologies for Ni contaminated sites.     

Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on growth and metal uptake in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis> L. under copper metal stress

The present investigation describes the effects of 24-epibrassinolide on plant growth, copper uptake and bioconcentration factor in the plants of Brassica juncea L. cv. PBR 91 under Cu metal stress. The study revealed that there was an improvement in the shoot emergence and plant biomass production under the influence of pre-germination treatment of 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL). In addition, 24-epiBL blocked copper metal uptake and accumulation in the plants.     

高表达拟南芥miR396提高烟草抗旱性

MiR396是一个由21个核苷酸组成的单链非编码RNA小分子。烟草内的miR396受干旱诱导说明其可能参与烟草的干旱应答。在35S强启动子作用下我们将miR396转入到烟草体内获得高表达转基因植株,生理学测试表明高表达miR396的转基因烟草耐旱性增强,同时叶片表现出比野生型较低的失水率和较高的相对含水量,进一步分析表明转基因植株除了叶片变得更为窄小外,其气孔密度和气孔系数都比野生型降低,这些都表明miR396作为一个正调节因子参与烟草的干旱胁迫应答。     

CPPU提高柚树苗抗旱性的研究

水分胁迫下,柚树苗叶片RWC、ψw、Pn及可溶性蛋白质,叶绿素含量下降,游离脯氨酸、MDA含量及SOD活性升高,CAT活性先上升后下降,APX活性、AsA和GSH含量明显下降,抗旱性强的品种具有较高的活性氧清除能力。CPPU处理提高柚树苗叶片RWC、Pn、叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、AsA、GSH含量,并增加SOD、APX活性,降低MDA水平,从而提高柚树苗抗旱性。实验结果表明,CPPU处理提高叶片对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力可能是其提高柚树苗抗旱性的原因。     

Electrokinetic-enhanced phytoremediation of uranium-contaminated soil using sunflower and Indian mustard

Abstract

Electrokinetic-enhanced phytoremediation is an effective technology to decontaminate heavy metal contaminated soil. In this study, we examined the effects of electrokinetic treatments on plant uptake and bioaccumulation of U from soils with various U sources. Redistribution of uranium in soils as affected by planting and electrokinetic treatments was investigated. The soil was spiked with 100?mg kg^–1 UO₂, UO₃, and UO₂(NO₃)₂. After sunflower and Indian mustard grew for 60 days, 1 voltage of direct-current was applied across the soils for 9 days. The results indicated that U uptake in both plants were significantly enhanced by electrokinetic treatments from soil with UO₃ and UO₂(NO₃)₂. U was more accumulated in roots than in shoots. Electrokinetic treatments were effective on lowering soil pH near the anode region. Overall, uranium (U) removal efficiency reached 3.4–4.3% from soils with UO₃ and uranyl with both plants while that from soil with UO₂ was 0.7–0.8%. Electrokinetic remediation treatment significantly enhanced the U removal efficiency (5–6%) from soils with UO₃ and uranyl but it was 0.8–1.3% from soil with UO₂, indicating significant effects of U species and electrokinetic enhancement on U bioaccumulation. This study implies the potential feasibility of electrokinetic-enhanced phytoremediation of U soils with sunflower and Indian mustard.     

植物营养与作物抗旱性

本文综述了近30年来植物营养与作物抗旱性关系的研究进展,重点讨论了植物必需的营养元素氮、磷、钾等对作物抗旱性的影响,指出这些营养元素主要通过水分调节、渗透调节、气孔调节和光合调节等一系列生理生化机制来增强作物的代谢活性、提高作物抗旱性。并对今后这方面研究中的重点内容进行了评述。     

小麦抗旱机理研究进展

干旱是影响小麦产量和品质的重要环境因素,而小麦在干旱胁迫下的抗旱机理非常复杂,不同程度以及不同发育时期的干旱胁迫对不同品种的影响各异。对近年来有关干旱胁迫下小麦的形态结构与渗透调节物质的变化,特别是基因和蛋白表达量的改变进行了综述,对小麦在干旱胁迫下如何提高品质及产量等问题提出建议。     

Hsp transcript induction is correlated with physiological changes under drought stress in Indian mustard

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - Brassica juncea is an important oilseed crop and drought stress is major abiotic stress that limits its growth and productivity. RH0116 (drought...     

植物抗旱基因工程研究进展

综述了渗透保护物质生物合成关键酶基因、胚胎后期发生丰富蛋白(Lea)基因或Lea相关基因、编码转录因子的调节基因、抗氧化胁迫相关的酶等植物抗旱基因工程研究进展,并对其研究中存在的问题及今后的应用前景进行了讨论.     

塔里木兔与家兔胰腺水通道蛋白表达的比较

通过检测塔里木兔（Lepus yarcandensis）胰腺中水通道蛋白（aquaporin,AQP）1和4的表达及分布情况,以探讨水通道蛋白在塔里木兔适应干旱缺水环境中的作用。采用常规 H.E染色观察塔里木兔胰腺组织学结构,采用免疫组织化学法检测AQP1和AQP4在胰腺中的分布位置及表达,并与家兔（Oryctolagus curiculus）进行比较。结果显示,AQP1在胰腺微血管内皮细胞、血细胞、泡心细胞和小叶内导管上皮细胞均有表达;AQP4在小叶间导管基底膜和胰岛细胞膜上有表达。与家兔相比,AQP1 在塔里木兔胰腺外分泌部的表达较弱,而在小叶内导管的表达较强;AQP4在塔里木兔胰腺内分泌部的表达较低。以上结果说明,AQP1在塔里木兔胰腺小叶内导管的表达上调,推测可能加强了浓缩胰液的能力,以尽量保住体内的水分,这是塔里木兔对干旱缺水环境的适应性调节。与家兔相比,塔里木兔胰腺AQP1和AQP4的表达均较低,说明塔里木兔胰腺水液代谢能力比家兔低,这可能与塔里木兔所食食物营养匮乏有关。     

Pot experiment to study the uptake of Cd and Pb by three Indian mustards (Brassica juncea) grown in artificially contaminated soils

Most of the metals-contaminated and fallow lands in Taiwan are a result of irrigation with illegal effluent of factories. Phytoextraction methods can be applied to reach the target of fallow-lands reuse and earn more incomes for farmers. In many studies, Indian mustards (Brassica juncea) were planted in the metal-contaminated soils to study their suitability in phytoextraction. However, the total removal of metals by plants was quite different between accessions. In this pot study, three accessions of B. juncea (cv. 182921, cv. 211000, and cv. 426308) were planted in artificially Cd- or Pb-contaminated soils to investigate the differences between them. EDTA was applied to study its effect in increasing the bioavailability of Cd and Pb and their uptake by these Indian mustards. Experimental result showed that three accessions of Indian mustard can accumulate a high concentration of Cd and Pb when growing in the artificially Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. Their shoot Cd or Pb concentrations were significantly enhanced, resulting from the application of EDTA. Among the three accessions, B. juncea cv. 211000 accumulated the highest concentrations of Cd and Pb in their shoots compared with B. juncea cv. 182921 and cv. 426308, but its total removal was the lowest due to its lower biomass.     

高粱抗旱种质筛选及遗传多样性的SSR分析

对61份高粱育种材料进行了抗旱性鉴定,旨在筛选既有较好抗旱性能又具较高丰产性能的高粱种质供育种利用。本研究筛选出抗旱性3级以上的材料14份,其中1级抗旱材料2份。选用109对SSR引物对61份高粱种质进行了遗传多样性分析,结果表明51对引物有较好的多态性,共扩增到508个等位变异片段,平均每个标记获得10个等位基因,多态性信息量(PIC)值平均为0.6615,变幅0.0322~0.9134。聚类分析结果表明,61份高粱材料聚成4类,聚类结果与根据地理来源、遗传背景的分类结果基本一致。中国高粱恢复系之间的遗传距离较近,说明我国目前的恢复系材料遗传基础狭窄,应在育种中拓宽恢复系的遗传基础。     

Nonspecific binding of monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 antibody in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Chimeric constructs with the hydrophilic octapeptide FLAG epitope (DYKDDDDK) have been widely used as multipurpose tags for identification, detection, and purification of FLAG fusion proteins. Constructs consisting of C-terminal FLAG-tagged genomic and cDNA clones of anArabidopsis phytochelatin synthase gene,AtPCS1, were used in developing transgenic lines of Indian mustard. Presence and expression ofAtPCS1 in transgenic lines were confirmed by using PCR and Northern blot analyses. However, immunoblot analysis revealed strong nonspecific binding of a monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 antibody to an endogenous protein in both shoot and leaf tissues of wild-type Indian mustard (85-kDa) that masked presence of the phytochelatin synthase (PCS) protein of interest (55-kDa). Further analysis revealed absence of a nonspecific protein in root tissues of transgenic plants, thus allowing detection of the FLAG-tagged PCS protein.     

表达SmERF1调节烟草种子大小及耐盐性

【目的】ERF转录因子生物功能广泛,在调控植物生长发育和响应胁迫中发挥重要作用。前期研究显示,丹参SmERF1参与植物响应胁迫反应。该研究旨在进一步明确SmERF1潜在的生物功能,并为药用植物抗性及种子发育研究奠定基础。【方法】该研究采用农杆菌介导的方法在模式植物烟草中异源表达了丹参SmERF1基因;通过抗性相关酶活性变化检测,对转基因植株抗性进行评价;通过酶联免疫方法和qPCR方法分析GA和ABA等激素含量及合成途径关键酶基因的表达变化。【结果】(1)表达SmERF1的烟草植株在幼苗期表现出生长缓慢、生物量和叶绿素减少,而在其他生长阶段与对照植株没有明显差异;此外,表达SmERF1的烟草植株种子比野生对照的种子小、轻;(2)在盐处理下,转基因烟草株系中脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性高于对照株系,而MDA含量低于对照株系,转基因烟草株系表现出较高的耐盐性;(3)在转烟草株系中,ABA含量上调,GA水平降低。实时定量PCR结果显示,表达SmERF1调节了与植物激素生物合成相关的关键酶基因的表达,如NtSDR、NtGA20ox、NtACO和NtACS。【结论】SmERF1通过ABA依赖途径...     

荒漠植物红砂抗旱性与其电学参数关系的研究

为了研究电学参数与红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)抗旱性的关系,以4个地理种源的荒漠植物红砂2年生苗木为材料,测定其茎在不同干旱胁迫处理下的高频电阻(r)、低频电阻(rl)、胞外电阻率(re)、胞内电阻率(ri)、电导(G)和电纳(B)等电学参数以及膜透性(RPP)和渗透调节物质脯氨酸(Pro)含量的变化,分析电学参数与膜透性和脯氨酸含量间的相关性。结果显示,随着干旱胁迫的加剧,4个地理种源红砂茎的膜透性和脯氨酸含量均呈逐渐升高或先升高后降低趋势,不同种源间存在显著差异(P0.05)。红砂茎膜透性的大小在4个种源间表现为:兰州张掖酒泉武威,脯氨酸含量由高到低依次为武威酒泉张掖兰州。4个地理种源红砂茎的高频电阻呈逐渐下降趋势,胞外电阻率、胞内电阻率、电导呈先升高后降低的趋势,而低频电阻则与它们相反,电纳的变化则较为复杂。6个电阻参数在不同种源材料间和不同处理间差异均显著(P0.05)。相关性和通径分析结果表明,胞外电阻率、胞内电阻率、高频电阻和电纳与膜透性的相关性较为明显;胞外电阻率、胞内电阻率、高频电阻和电导与脯氨酸含量的相关性较为显著,其中胞内电阻率对膜透性和脯氨酸含量的影响最大,通径系数绝对值分别高达0.938和0.897。说明电学参数ri可以作为表征红砂抗旱特性的参数,也表明电学方法将是荒漠植物逆境胁迫研究的一种有效方法。     

作物抗旱相关分子标记及其辅助选择的研究进展

分子标记辅助选择育种给作物抗旱育种提供了新的途径。本介绍了国内外在小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆等重要农作物抗旱相关分子标记方面的研究进展。对作物抗旱相关QTL分子标记辅助育种进行了探讨,并对其发展策略提出了一些思考。     

草坪草种质资源抗旱性及其改良研究进展

本文综述了草坪草抗旱性的形态学、生物学、解剖学和生理学等鉴定方法.介绍了草坪草适应干旱胁迫的形态和生理生化机制.对草坪草种质资源的抗旱性改良进展进行了概述.最后,对草坪草抗旱性研究中存在的问题和前景进行了讨论.     

甘薯品种抗旱适应性综合评价的方法研究

在对水分胁迫下甘薯形态、生长势、生理生化和产量性状等指标与品种抗旱性进行相关分析的基础上,采用抗旱系数法、聚类分析法、隶属函数法对品种抗旱适应性予以综合评价.综合评价的结果,将15个供试甘薯品种按抗旱水平由弱到强划分为不抗（农大红、漳薯1号、8908-383）、低抗（宿芋1号、9318-58、渝苏303、89-1、95-411-153、西蒙1号）、中抗（92-111-107、渝薯34、南薯88、92-103-30）和高抗（Y3、潮薯1号）四级.上述几种关于甘薯品种抗旱适应性综合评价的方法具有较好的一致性.     

Effects of biocontrol agents on lipid and protein composition of Indian mustard seeds from plants infected with Alternaria species

Field experiments were carried out with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Cv RLM 1359) to investigate the influence of biocontrol agents on seeds from plants infected with Alternaria blight. The biocontrol agents viz, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were applied as seed treatment/seed treatment coupled with spray on 30 and 60 days after sowing of seeds in experimental fields. The plants treated with different biocontrol agents were more developed than non-treated plants throughout the experiment. Biochemical analysis revealed that application of biocontrol agents resulted in increase in lipid and protein content in seeds from treated plants. The proportion of various lipidic fractions i.e. phospholipids, glycolipids and sterol content in seeds increased with a corresponding decrease in total glycerides. The proportion of 18:3, 20:1 and 22:1 fatty acids increased while that of 18:1 and 18:2 fatty acids decreased in seeds with application of biocontrol agents. There were both qualitative and quantitative differences in the banding patterns of albumin and globulin proteins after application of biocontrol agents. The data suggested that biochemical alterations in the host induced by treatment with biocontrol agents could be associated with defence mechanisms and enhanced growth of the plant.     

Aquaporin10 is a pseudogene in cattle and their relatives

BackgroundAlthough AQP10 is mainly expressed in the human GI tract, its physiological role is unclear. In fact, we previously reported that mouse AQP10 is a pseudogene. It is possible that AQP10 is also a pseudogene in other animals.MethodsGenome databases were searched for AQP10 orthologs and the genomic DNA of each candidate pseudogene was sequenced to confirm its mutations. The expression of the AQP10 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR in the small intestine where human AQP10 is highly expressed.ResultsThe genomic database of some mammals had insertions and deletions in the exons of the AQP10 gene, including cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus). In the bovine AQP10 gene, exon 1 and 5 had deletions resulting in a frame-shift or a premature termination, respectively, which were confirmed by the direct exon sequencing of the genomic DNA. In the RT-PCR experiments, the PCR primer sets for exon 1/2 and exon 4/5 failed to detect the bands for AQP10 mRNA in the duodenum and jejunum. Similar AQP10 gene mutations were also confirmed in the genomic DNA from sheep and goats. Although these animals were derived from porcine ancestors, the exons of the swine (Sus scrofa) AQP10 gene were complete without mutations. Therefore, AQP10 gene might have turned to a pseudogene around 65 million years before when cattle evolved from porcine ancestors.ConclusionAQP10 of ruminantia which regurgitate and rechew their food may have lost its role possibly due to the redundant expression of other aquaglyceroporins.